python基础-字符串类型
# 1、作用 # 2、定义
# 定义:在单引号\双引号\三引号内包含一串字符
name1 = 'jason' # 本质:name = str('任意形式内容')
name2 = "lili" # 本质:name = str("任意形式内容")
name3 = """ricky""" # 本质:name = str("""任意形式内容""")
# msg='hello' # msg=str('msg') # print(type(msg)) # 3、类型转换 # str可以把任意其他类型都转成字符串 # res=str({'a':1}) # print(res,type(res))
>>> type(str([1,2,3])) # list->str
<class 'str'>
>>> type(str({"name":"jason","age":18})) # dict->str
<class 'str'>
>>> type(str((1,2,3))) # tuple->str
<class 'str'>
>>> type(str({1,2,3,4})) # set->str
<class 'str'>
# 4、使用:内置方法 # 4.1 优先掌握 # 4.1.1、按索引取值(正向取+反向取) :只能取 msg='hello world' # 正向取 # print(msg[0]) # print(msg[5]) # 反向取 # print(msg[-1]) # 只能取 # msg[0]='H' # 4.1.2、切片:索引的拓展应用,从一个大字符串中拷贝出一个子字符串 msg='hello world' # 顾头不顾尾 # res=msg[0:5] #x # print(res) # print(msg) # 步长 # res=msg[0:5:2] # 0 2 4 # print(res) # hlo # 反向步长(了解) # res=msg[5:0:-1] # print(res) #" olle" msg='hello world' # res=msg[:] # res=msg[0:11] # print(res) # res=msg[::-1] # 把字符串倒过来 # print(res) # 4.1.3、长度len # msg='hello world' # print(len(msg)) # 4.1.4、成员运算in和not in # 判断一个子字符串是否存在于一个大字符串中 # print("alex" in "alex is sb") # print("alex" not in "alex is sb") # print(not "alex" in "alex is sb") # 不推荐使用 # 4.1.5、移除字符串左右两侧的符号strip # 默认去掉的空格 # msg=' egon ' # res=msg.strip() # print(msg) # 不会改变原值 # print(res) # 是产生了新值 # 默认去掉的空格 # msg='****egon****' # print(msg.strip('*')) # 了解:strip只取两边,不去中间 # msg='****e*****gon****' # print(msg.strip('*')) # msg='**/*=-**egon**-=()**' # print(msg.strip('*/-=()')) # 应用 # inp_user=input('your name>>: ').strip() # inp_user=" egon" # inp_pwd=input('your password>>: ').strip() # if inp_user == 'egon' and inp_pwd == '123': # print('登录成功') # else: # print('账号密码错误') # 4.1.6、切分split:把一个字符串按照某种分隔符进行切分,得到一个列表 # # 默认分隔符是空格 # info='egon 18 male' # res=info.split() # print(res) # # 指定分隔符 # info='egon:18:male' # res=info.split(':') # print(res) # 指定分隔次数(了解) # info='egon:18:male' # res=info.split(':',1) # print(res) # 4.1.7、循环 # info='egon:18:male' # for x in info: # print(x) # 4.2 需要掌握 #4.2.1、strip,lstrip,rstrip # msg='***egon****' # print(msg.strip('*')) # print(msg.lstrip('*')) # print(msg.rstrip('*')) #4.2.2、lower,upper # msg='AbbbCCCC' # print(msg.lower()) # print(msg.upper()) #4.2.3、startswith,endswith # print("alex is sb".startswith("alex")) # print("alex is sb".endswith('sb')) #4.2.4、format #4.2.5、split,rsplit:将字符串切成列表 # info="egon:18:male" # print(info.split(':',1)) # ["egon","18:male"] # print(info.rsplit(':',1)) # ["egon:18","male"] #4.2.6、join: 把列表拼接成字符串 # l=['egon', '18', 'male'] # res=l[0]+":"+l[1]+":"+l[2] # res=":".join(l) # 按照某个分隔符号,把元素全为字符串的列表拼接成一个大字符串 # print(res) # l=[1,"2",'aaa'] # ":".join(l) #4.2.7、replace # msg="you can you up no can no bb" # print(msg.replace("you","YOU",)) # print(msg.replace("you","YOU",1)) #4.2.8、isdigit # 判断字符串是否由纯数字组成 # print('123'.isdigit()) # print('12.3'.isdigit()) # age=input('请输入你的年龄:').strip() # if age.isdigit(): # age=int(age) # int("abbab") # if age > 18: # print('猜大了') # elif age < 18: # print('猜小了') # else: # print('才最了') # else: # print('必须输入数字,傻子') # 4.3了解 #4.3.1、find,rfind,index,rindex,count msg='hello egon hahaha' # 找到返回起始索引 # print(msg.find('e')) # 返回要查找的字符串在大字符串中的起始索引 # print(msg.find('egon')) # print(msg.index('e')) # print(msg.index('egon')) # 找不到 # print(msg.find('xxx')) # 返回-1,代表找不到 # print(msg.index('xxx')) # 抛出异常 # msg='hello egon hahaha egon、 egon' # print(msg.count('egon')) #4.3.2、center,ljust,rjust,zfill # print('egon'.center(50,'*')) # print('egon'.ljust(50,'*')) # print('egon'.rjust(50,'*')) # print('egon'.zfill(10)) #4.3.3、expandtabs # msg='hello\tworld' # print(msg.expandtabs(2)) # 设置制表符代表的空格数为2 #4.3.4、captalize,swapcase,title # print("hello world egon".capitalize()) # print("Hello WorLd EGon".swapcase()) # print("hello world egon".title()) #4.3.5、is数字系列 #4.3.6、is其他 # print('abc'.islower()) # print('ABC'.isupper()) # print('Hello World'.istitle()) # print('123123aadsf'.isalnum()) # 字符串由字母或数字组成结果为True # print('ad'.isalpha()) # 字符串由由字母组成结果为True # print(' '.isspace()) # 字符串由空格组成结果为True # print('print'.isidentifier()) # print('age_of_egon'.isidentifier()) # print('1age_of_egon'.isidentifier()) num1=b'4' #bytes num2=u'4' #unicode,python3中无需加u就是unicode num3='四' #中文数字 num4='Ⅳ' #罗马数字 # isdigit只能识别:num1、num2 # print(num1.isdigit()) # True # print(num2.isdigit()) # True # print(num3.isdigit()) # False # print(num4.isdigit()) # False # isnumberic可以识别:num2、num3、num4 # print(num2.isnumeric()) # True # print(num3.isnumeric()) # True # print(num4.isnumeric()) # True # isdecimal只能识别:num2 print(num2.isdecimal()) # True print(num3.isdecimal()) # False print(num4.isdecimal()) # False
# 1.find,rfind,index,rindex,count # 1.1 find:从指定范围内查找子字符串的起始索引,找得到则返回数字1,找不到则返回-1 >>> msg='tony say hello' >>> msg.find('o',1,3) # 在索引为1和2(顾头不顾尾)的字符中查找字符o的索引 1 # 1.2 index:同find,但在找不到时会报错 >>> msg.index('e',2,4) # 报错ValueError # 1.3 rfind与rindex:略 # 1.4 count:统计字符串在大字符串中出现的次数 >>> msg = "hello everyone" >>> msg.count('e') # 统计字符串e出现的次数 4 >>> msg.count('e',1,6) # 字符串e在索引1~5范围内出现的次数 1 # 2.center,ljust,rjust,zfill >>> name='tony' >>> name.center(30,'-') # 总宽度为30,字符串居中显示,不够用-填充 -------------tony------------- >>> name.ljust(30,'*') # 总宽度为30,字符串左对齐显示,不够用*填充 tony************************** >>> name.rjust(30,'*') # 总宽度为30,字符串右对齐显示,不够用*填充 **************************tony >>> name.zfill(50) # 总宽度为50,字符串右对齐显示,不够用0填充 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000tony # 3.expandtabs >>> name = 'tony\thello' # \t表示制表符(tab键) >>> name tony hello >>> name.expandtabs(1) # 修改\t制表符代表的空格数 tony hello # 4.captalize,swapcase,title # 4.1 captalize:首字母大写 >>> message = 'hello everyone nice to meet you!' >>> message.capitalize() Hello everyone nice to meet you! # 4.2 swapcase:大小写翻转 >>> message1 = 'Hi girl, I want make friends with you!' >>> message1.swapcase() hI GIRL, i WANT MAKE FRIENDS WITH YOU! #4.3 title:每个单词的首字母大写 >>> msg = 'dear my friend i miss you very much' >>> msg.title() Dear My Friend I Miss You Very Much # 5.is数字系列 #在python3中 num1 = b'4' #bytes num2 = u'4' #unicode,python3中无需加u就是unicode num3 = '四' #中文数字 num4 = 'Ⅳ' #罗马数字 #isdigt:bytes,unicode >>> num1.isdigit() True >>> num2.isdigit() True >>> num3.isdigit() False >>> num4.isdigit() False #isdecimal:uncicode(bytes类型无isdecimal方法) >>> num2.isdecimal() True >>> num3.isdecimal() False >>> num4.isdecimal() False #isnumberic:unicode,中文数字,罗马数字(bytes类型无isnumberic方法) >>> num2.isnumeric() True >>> num3.isnumeric() True >>> num4.isnumeric() True # 三者不能判断浮点数 >>> num5 = '4.3' >>> num5.isdigit() False >>> num5.isdecimal() False >>> num5.isnumeric() False ''' 总结: 最常用的是isdigit,可以判断bytes和unicode类型,这也是最常见的数字应用场景 如果要判断中文数字或罗马数字,则需要用到isnumeric。 ''' # 6.is其他 >>> name = 'tony123' >>> name.isalnum() #字符串中既可以包含数字也可以包含字母 True >>> name.isalpha() #字符串中只包含字母 False >>> name.isidentifier() True >>> name.islower() # 字符串是否是纯小写 True >>> name.isupper() # 字符串是否是纯大写 False >>> name.isspace() # 字符串是否全是空格 False >>> name.istitle() # 字符串中的单词首字母是否都是大写 False
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