python sys.argv[]用法
sys.argv[]是用来获取命令行参数的,sys.argv[0]表示代码本身文件路径,所以参数从1开始,以下两个例子说明:
1、使用sys.argv[]的一简单实例:
以下是sample1.py文件:
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import sys,os
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print sys.argv
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os.system(sys.argv[1])
这个例子os.system接收命令行参数,运行参数指令,cmd命令行带参数运行python sample1.py notepad,将打开记事本程序。
2、这个例子是简明python教程上的,明白它之后你就明白sys.argv[]了。
以下是sample.py文件:
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#!/usr/bin/env python
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#_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
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import sys
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def readfile(filename): #定义readfile函数,从文件中读出文件内容
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'''''''Print a file to the standard output.'''
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f = file(filename)
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while True:
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line = f.readline()
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if len(line) == 0:
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break
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print line, # notice comma 分别输出每行内容
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f.close()
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# Script starts from here
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print sys.argv
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if len(sys.argv) < 2:
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print 'No action specified.'
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sys.exit()
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if sys.argv[1].startswith('--'):
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option = sys.argv[1][2:]
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# fetch sys.argv[1] but without the first two characters
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if option == 'version': #当命令行参数为-- version,显示版本号
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print 'Version 1.2'
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elif option == 'help': #当命令行参数为--help时,显示相关帮助内容
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print '''
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This program prints files to the standard output.
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Any number of files can be specified.
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Options include:
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--version : Prints the version number
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--help : Display this help'''
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else:
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print 'Unknown option.'
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sys.exit()
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else:
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for filename in sys.argv[1:]: #当参数为文件名时,传入readfile,读出其内容
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readfile(filename)
在与sample.py同一目录下,新建3个记事本文件test.txt,test1.txt,test2.txt,内容如下图:
验证sample.py,如下:
C:\Users\91135\Desktop>python sample.py
['sample.py']
No action specified.
C:\Users\91135\Desktop>python sample.py --help
['sample.py', '--help']
This program prints files to the standard output.
Any number of files can be specified.
Options include:
--version : Prints the version number
--help : Display this help
C:\Users\91135\Desktop>python sample.py --version
['sample.py', '--version']
Version 1.2
C:\Users\91135\Desktop>python sample.py --ok
['sample.py', '--ok']
Unknown option.
C:\Users\91135\Desktop>python sample.py test.txt
['sample.py', 'test.txt']
hello python!
C:\Users\91135\Desktop>python sample.py test.txt test1.txt test2.txt
['sample.py', 'test.txt', 'test1.txt', 'test2.txt']
hello python!
hello world!
hello wahaha!
goodbye!
C:\Users\91135\Desktop>