Java实现生产者和消费者

  生产者和消费者问题是操作系统的经典问题,在实际工作中也常会用到,主要的难点在于协调生产者和消费者,因为生产者的个数和消费者的个数不确定,而生产者的生成速度与消费者的消费速度也不一样,同时还要实现生产者与消费者的解耦,即生产者并不知道有哪些消费者,而消费者也不需要知道产品是哪个生产的,他们之间只与一个交易平台发生关系。

  这是现实世界普遍存在的问题,比如我们去苹果专卖店买IPhone 6,我们属于消费者,而生产商把产品生产出来放在苹果专卖店,如果全世界只有一个苹果专卖店,当专卖店没有IPhone 6时,我们只有等,而当专卖店屯了很多货,以至于专卖店放不下了时,苹果公司比如要生产商暂停生产。生产者与消费者是通过一个缓存仓库来交易的。

  Java里面有LinkedBlockingQueue、ArrayBlockingQueue可以在并发环境实现阻塞插入和删除,非常适合作为生产者和消费者之间的纽带。

  生产者:

/**
 * 生产者
 * @author jiqunpeng
 *
 */
class Producer implements Runnable {

    LinkedBlockingQueue<Integer> buffer;
    //构造生产者,注册仓库
    Producer(LinkedBlockingQueue<Integer> buffer) {
        this.buffer = buffer;
    }
    /**
     * 生产一个产品,当仓库已经满时,等待仓库有空地再放入仓库
     * @param e
     * @throws InterruptedException
     */
    public void produce(Integer e) throws InterruptedException {
        buffer.put(e);
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        Random random = new Random(7);
        try {
            while (true) {//一生不息
                Integer product = random.nextInt();
                System.out.println(this + " \tProduct:\t " + product);
                produce(product);
                TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(random.nextInt(500));//短暂的休息
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

  消费者  

/**
 * 消费者
 * @author jiqunpeng
 *
 */
class Consumer implements Runnable {
    LinkedBlockingQueue<Integer> buffer;
    //注册仓库
    Consumer(LinkedBlockingQueue<Integer> buffer) {
        this.buffer = buffer;
    }
    /**
     * 从仓库中的取出产品消费,当仓库里面没有产品时,会一直等下去
     * @return
     * @throws InterruptedException
     */
    public Integer consume() throws InterruptedException {
        Integer e = buffer.take();
        return e;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        Random random = new Random(7);
        try {
            while (true) {//一生都要吃
                Integer product = consume();
                System.out.println(this + " \tConsume:\t " + product);
                TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(random.nextInt(2000));//吃了也要睡会
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

  调度运行

public class ProducerConsumer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 任务调度器
        ExecutorService exec = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
        // 仓库
        final LinkedBlockingQueue<Integer> buffer = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(5);
        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
            // 创建生产者
            Producer p = new Producer(buffer);
            // 领到把生产者拉到车间,被迫没日没夜的干活
            exec.execute(p);
            // 消费者出生了
            Consumer c = new Consumer(buffer);
            // 消费者一生都在消费
            exec.execute(c);

        }
        exec.execute(new Runnable() {

            @Override
            public void run() {
                while (true) {
                    // 定时看一下仓库的空间
                    System.out.println("buffer :" + buffer.size());
                    try {
                        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }

        });
    }

}

  模拟结果:

os.Producer@16c163f     Product:     -1156638823
os.Consumer@cf66b     Consume:     -1156638823
os.Producer@db4fa2     Product:     -1156638823
os.Consumer@491c4c     Consume:     -1156638823
buffer :0
os.Producer@16c163f     Product:     -1077308326
os.Producer@db4fa2     Product:     -1077308326
os.Producer@16c163f     Product:     1495978761
os.Producer@db4fa2     Product:     1495978761
os.Consumer@491c4c     Consume:     -1077308326
os.Consumer@cf66b     Consume:     -1077308326
os.Producer@16c163f     Product:     -441191359
os.Producer@db4fa2     Product:     -441191359
os.Producer@16c163f     Product:     -1253369595
os.Producer@db4fa2     Product:     -1253369595
os.Producer@16c163f     Product:     1511462400
os.Consumer@cf66b     Consume:     1495978761
os.Consumer@491c4c     Consume:     1495978761
os.Producer@db4fa2     Product:     1511462400
os.Producer@16c163f     Product:     518557417

   当然我们也可以自己定义一个线程安全的有界阻塞缓存队列:

public class BoundedBuffer<E> {
    private Object[] buffer;

    final private ReentrantLock lock;
    final private Condition notEmpty;
    final private Condition notFull;

    private int count;
    private int putIndex;
    private int takeIndex;

    public BoundedBuffer(int size) {
        buffer = new Object[size];
        lock = new ReentrantLock();
        notEmpty = lock.newCondition();
        notFull = lock.newCondition();
    }

    public void put(E e) throws InterruptedException {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            while (count == buffer.length)
                notFull.await();
            buffer[putIndex] = e;
            if (++putIndex == buffer.length)// 循环数组
                putIndex = 0;
            count++;
            notEmpty.signal();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public E take() throws InterruptedException {
        lock.lock();
        System.out.println("take()");
        try {
            while (count == 0)
                notEmpty.await();
            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
            E item = (E) buffer[takeIndex];
            count--;
            if (++takeIndex == buffer.length)// 循环数组
                takeIndex = 0;
            notFull.signal();
            return item;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}

 

posted @ 2014-08-26 12:14  CodeMeals  阅读(1750)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报
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