课上测试：Linux命令实践（AI）
课上测试：Linux命令实践（AI）
参考课件，针对上面核心命令重复老师的演示内容
ls
ls
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~/桌面$ ls
archive.tar.gz GmSSL-master GmSSL-master.zip
ls .
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~/桌面$ ls .
archive.tar.gz GmSSL-master GmSSL-master.zip
ls -a
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~/桌面$ ls -a
. .. archive.tar.gz GmSSL-master GmSSL-master.zip
ls -l
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~/桌面$ ls -l
总计 1052
-rw-rw-r-- 1 fengtairui fengtairui 1326 9月 5 17:16 archive.tar.gz
drwxrwxr-x 9 fengtairui fengtairui 4096 9月 8 20:12 GmSSL-master
-rw-rw-r-- 1 fengtairui fengtairui 1067381 9月 8 20:08 GmSSL-master.zip
ls -R
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~/桌面$ ls -R
.:
archive.tar.gz GmSSL-master GmSSL-master.zip
./GmSSL-master:
build cmake CMakeLists.txt include INSTALL.md LICENSE README.md src tests tools
./GmSSL-master/build:
bin cmake_install.cmake install_manifest.txt signkey.pem test_unix_style.pem tls12_client.log
cacert.pem CPackConfig.cmake Makefile signreq.pem test_unix_style_without_last_newline.pem tls12_server.log
cakey.pem CPackSourceConfig.cmake message.txt sm2.der test_windows_style.pem tls13_client.log
careq.pem CTestTestfile.cmake req.pem sm2.pem test_windows_style_without_last_newline.pem tls13_server.log
cert.pem enccert.pem rootcacert.pem sm2pub.pem tlcp_client.log tls_server_certs.pem
CMakeCache.txt enckey.pem rootcakey.pem sm2.sig tlcp_server_certs.pem
CMakeFiles encreq.pem signcert.pem Testing tlcp_server.log
./GmSSL-master/build/bin:
aestest cmstest gmssl libgmssl.so.3 sha224test sm2_keytest sm4_cbctest sm4_gcmtest sm9test x509_exttest zuctest
asn1test digesttest hextest libgmssl.so.3.1 sha256test sm2_signtest sm4_ccmtest sm4_ofbtest tls13test x509_oidtest
base64test ectest hkdftest pemtest sha384test sm2_z256test sm4_cfbtest sm4_sm3_hmactest tlstest x509_reqtest
block_ciphertest gf128test hmactest pkcs8test sha512test sm3test sm4_ctrtest sm4test x509_algtest x509_strtest
chacha20test ghashtest libgmssl.so sha1test sm2_enctest sm4_cbc_mactest sm4_ecbtest sm4_xtstest x509_crltest x509test
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles:
3.22.1 CMakeOutput.log gmssl.dir progress.marks sm2_signtest.dir sm4_ecbtest.dir tls13test.dir x509test.dir
aestest.dir CMakeTmp hextest.dir sha1test.dir sm2_z256test.dir sm4_gcmtest.dir tlstest.dir zuctest.dir
asn1test.dir cmstest.dir hkdftest.dir sha224test.dir sm3test.dir sm4_ofbtest.dir x509_algtest.dir
base64test.dir digesttest.dir hmactest.dir sha256test.dir sm4_cbc_mactest.dir sm4_sm3_hmactest.dir x509_crltest.dir
block_ciphertest.dir ectest.dir Makefile2 sha384test.dir sm4_cbctest.dir sm4test.dir x509_exttest.dir
chacha20test.dir gf128test.dir Makefile.cmake sha512test.dir sm4_ccmtest.dir sm4_xtstest.dir x509_oidtest.dir
cmake.check_cache ghashtest.dir pemtest.dir sm2_enctest.dir sm4_cfbtest.dir sm9test.dir x509_reqtest.dir
CMakeDirectoryInformation.cmake gmssl-bin.dir pkcs8test.dir sm2_keytest.dir sm4_ctrtest.dir TargetDirectories.txt x509_strtest.dir
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/3.22.1:
CMakeCCompiler.cmake CMakeDetermineCompilerABI_C.bin CMakeSystem.cmake CompilerIdC
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/3.22.1/CompilerIdC:
a.out CMakeCCompilerId.c tmp
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/3.22.1/CompilerIdC/tmp:
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/aestest.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/aestest.dir/tests:
aestest.c.o aestest.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/asn1test.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/asn1test.dir/tests:
asn1test.c.o asn1test.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/base64test.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/base64test.dir/tests:
base64test.c.o base64test.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/block_ciphertest.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/block_ciphertest.dir/tests:
block_ciphertest.c.o block_ciphertest.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/chacha20test.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/chacha20test.dir/tests:
chacha20test.c.o chacha20test.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp:
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/cmstest.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/cmstest.dir/tests:
cmstest.c.o cmstest.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/digesttest.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/digesttest.dir/tests:
digesttest.c.o digesttest.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/ectest.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/ectest.dir/tests:
ectest.c.o ectest.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/gf128test.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/gf128test.dir/tests:
gf128test.c.o gf128test.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/ghashtest.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/ghashtest.dir/tests:
ghashtest.c.o ghashtest.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/gmssl-bin.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tools
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/gmssl-bin.dir/tools:
certgen.c.o cmsverify.c.o reqgen.c.o sdfsign.c.o sm3hmac.c.o sm4.c.o sm9encrypt.c.o tls12_server.c.o
certgen.c.o.d cmsverify.c.o.d reqgen.c.o.d sdfsign.c.o.d sm3hmac.c.o.d sm4.c.o.d sm9encrypt.c.o.d tls12_server.c.o.d
certparse.c.o crlgen.c.o reqparse.c.o sdftest.c.o sm3_pbkdf2.c.o sm4_ctr.c.o sm9keygen.c.o tls13_client.c.o
certparse.c.o.d crlgen.c.o.d reqparse.c.o.d sdftest.c.o.d sm3_pbkdf2.c.o.d sm4_ctr.c.o.d sm9keygen.c.o.d tls13_client.c.o.d
certrevoke.c.o crlget.c.o reqsign.c.o sm2decrypt.c.o sm3xmss_keygen.c.o sm4_ctr_sm3_hmac.c.o sm9setup.c.o tls13_server.c.o
certrevoke.c.o.d crlget.c.o.d reqsign.c.o.d sm2decrypt.c.o.d sm3xmss_keygen.c.o.d sm4_ctr_sm3_hmac.c.o.d sm9setup.c.o.d tls13_server.c.o.d
certverify.c.o crlparse.c.o sdfdecrypt.c.o sm2encrypt.c.o sm4_cbc.c.o sm4_ecb.c.o sm9sign.c.o version.c.o
certverify.c.o.d crlparse.c.o.d sdfdecrypt.c.o.d sm2encrypt.c.o.d sm4_cbc.c.o.d sm4_ecb.c.o.d sm9sign.c.o.d version.c.o.d
cmsdecrypt.c.o crlverify.c.o sdfdigest.c.o sm2keygen.c.o sm4_cbc_mac.c.o sm4_gcm.c.o sm9verify.c.o zuc.c.o
cmsdecrypt.c.o.d crlverify.c.o.d sdfdigest.c.o.d sm2keygen.c.o.d sm4_cbc_mac.c.o.d sm4_gcm.c.o.d sm9verify.c.o.d zuc.c.o.d
cmsencrypt.c.o ghash.c.o sdfencrypt.c.o sm2sign.c.o sm4_cbc_sm3_hmac.c.o sm4_ofb.c.o tlcp_client.c.o
cmsencrypt.c.o.d ghash.c.o.d sdfencrypt.c.o.d sm2sign.c.o.d sm4_cbc_sm3_hmac.c.o.d sm4_ofb.c.o.d tlcp_client.c.o.d
cmsparse.c.o gmssl.c.o sdfexport.c.o sm2verify.c.o sm4_ccm.c.o sm4_xts.c.o tlcp_server.c.o
cmsparse.c.o.d gmssl.c.o.d sdfexport.c.o.d sm2verify.c.o.d sm4_ccm.c.o.d sm4_xts.c.o.d tlcp_server.c.o.d
cmssign.c.o rand.c.o sdfinfo.c.o sm3.c.o sm4_cfb.c.o sm9decrypt.c.o tls12_client.c.o
cmssign.c.o.d rand.c.o.d sdfinfo.c.o.d sm3.c.o.d sm4_cfb.c.o.d sm9decrypt.c.o.d tls12_client.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/gmssl.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt src
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/gmssl.dir/src:
aes.c.o ec.c.o pkcs8.c.o sm2_key.c.o.d sm3_xmss.c.o.d sm4_ecb.c.o.d sm9_z256_table.c.o.d x509_alg.c.o.d
aes.c.o.d ec.c.o.d pkcs8.c.o.d sm2_sign.c.o sm4_cbc.c.o sm4_gcm.c.o socket.c.o x509_cer.c.o
aes_modes.c.o file.c.o rand_unix.c.o sm2_sign.c.o.d sm4_cbc.c.o.d sm4_gcm.c.o.d socket.c.o.d x509_cer.c.o.d
aes_modes.c.o.d file.c.o.d rand_unix.c.o.d sm2_z256.c.o sm4_cbc_mac.c.o sm4_ofb.c.o tlcp.c.o x509_crl.c.o
asn1.c.o gf128.c.o rsa.c.o sm2_z256.c.o.d sm4_cbc_mac.c.o.d sm4_ofb.c.o.d tlcp.c.o.d x509_crl.c.o.d
asn1.c.o.d gf128.c.o.d rsa.c.o.d sm2_z256_table.c.o sm4_cbc_sm3_hmac.c.o sm4_xts.c.o tls12.c.o x509_ext.c.o
base64.c.o ghash.c.o sdf sm2_z256_table.c.o.d sm4_cbc_sm3_hmac.c.o.d sm4_xts.c.o.d tls12.c.o.d x509_ext.c.o.d
base64.c.o.d ghash.c.o.d sha1.c.o sm3.c.o sm4_ccm.c.o sm9_enc.c.o tls13.c.o x509_new.c.o
block_cipher.c.o hex.c.o sha1.c.o.d sm3.c.o.d sm4_ccm.c.o.d sm9_enc.c.o.d tls13.c.o.d x509_new.c.o.d
block_cipher.c.o.d hex.c.o.d sha256.c.o sm3_digest.c.o sm4_cfb.c.o sm9_exch.c.o tls.c.o x509_req.c.o
chacha20.c.o hkdf.c.o sha256.c.o.d sm3_digest.c.o.d sm4_cfb.c.o.d sm9_exch.c.o.d tls.c.o.d x509_req.c.o.d
chacha20.c.o.d hkdf.c.o.d sha512.c.o sm3_hmac.c.o sm4.c.o sm9_key.c.o tls_ext.c.o zuc.c.o
cms.c.o hmac.c.o sha512.c.o.d sm3_hmac.c.o.d sm4.c.o.d sm9_key.c.o.d tls_ext.c.o.d zuc.c.o.d
cms.c.o.d hmac.c.o.d sm2_enc.c.o sm3_kdf.c.o sm4_ctr.c.o sm9_sign.c.o tls_trace.c.o zuc_modes.c.o
debug.c.o http.c.o sm2_enc.c.o.d sm3_kdf.c.o.d sm4_ctr.c.o.d sm9_sign.c.o.d tls_trace.c.o.d zuc_modes.c.o.d
debug.c.o.d http.c.o.d sm2_exch.c.o sm3_pbkdf2.c.o sm4_ctr_sm3_hmac.c.o sm9_z256.c.o version.c.o
digest.c.o pem.c.o sm2_exch.c.o.d sm3_pbkdf2.c.o.d sm4_ctr_sm3_hmac.c.o.d sm9_z256.c.o.d version.c.o.d
digest.c.o.d pem.c.o.d sm2_key.c.o sm3_xmss.c.o sm4_ecb.c.o sm9_z256_table.c.o x509_alg.c.o
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/gmssl.dir/src/sdf:
sdf.c.o sdf.c.o.d sdf_ext.c.o sdf_ext.c.o.d sdf_lib.c.o sdf_lib.c.o.d sdf_meth.c.o sdf_meth.c.o.d sdf_sansec.c.o sdf_sansec.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/hextest.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/hextest.dir/tests:
hextest.c.o hextest.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/hkdftest.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/hkdftest.dir/tests:
hkdftest.c.o hkdftest.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/hmactest.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/hmactest.dir/tests:
hmactest.c.o hmactest.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/pemtest.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/pemtest.dir/tests:
pemtest.c.o pemtest.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/pkcs8test.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/pkcs8test.dir/tests:
pkcs8test.c.o pkcs8test.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sha1test.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sha1test.dir/tests:
sha1test.c.o sha1test.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sha224test.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sha224test.dir/tests:
sha224test.c.o sha224test.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sha256test.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sha256test.dir/tests:
sha256test.c.o sha256test.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sha384test.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sha384test.dir/tests:
sha384test.c.o sha384test.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sha512test.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sha512test.dir/tests:
sha512test.c.o sha512test.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sm2_enctest.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sm2_enctest.dir/tests:
sm2_enctest.c.o sm2_enctest.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sm2_keytest.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sm2_keytest.dir/tests:
sm2_keytest.c.o sm2_keytest.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sm2_signtest.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sm2_signtest.dir/tests:
sm2_signtest.c.o sm2_signtest.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sm2_z256test.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sm2_z256test.dir/tests:
sm2_z256test.c.o sm2_z256test.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sm3test.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sm3test.dir/tests:
sm3test.c.o sm3test.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sm4_cbc_mactest.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sm4_cbc_mactest.dir/tests:
sm4_cbc_mactest.c.o sm4_cbc_mactest.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sm4_cbctest.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sm4_cbctest.dir/tests:
sm4_cbctest.c.o sm4_cbctest.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sm4_ccmtest.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sm4_ccmtest.dir/tests:
sm4_ccmtest.c.o sm4_ccmtest.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sm4_cfbtest.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sm4_cfbtest.dir/tests:
sm4_cfbtest.c.o sm4_cfbtest.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sm4_ctrtest.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sm4_ctrtest.dir/tests:
sm4_ctrtest.c.o sm4_ctrtest.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sm4_ecbtest.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sm4_ecbtest.dir/tests:
sm4_ecbtest.c.o sm4_ecbtest.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sm4_gcmtest.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sm4_gcmtest.dir/tests:
sm4_gcmtest.c.o sm4_gcmtest.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sm4_ofbtest.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sm4_ofbtest.dir/tests:
sm4_ofbtest.c.o sm4_ofbtest.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sm4_sm3_hmactest.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sm4_sm3_hmactest.dir/tests:
sm4_sm3_hmactest.c.o sm4_sm3_hmactest.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sm4test.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sm4test.dir/tests:
sm4test.c.o sm4test.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sm4_xtstest.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sm4_xtstest.dir/tests:
sm4_xtstest.c.o sm4_xtstest.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sm9test.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sm9test.dir/tests:
sm9test.c.o sm9test.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/tls13test.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/tls13test.dir/tests:
tls13test.c.o tls13test.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/tlstest.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/tlstest.dir/tests:
tlstest.c.o tlstest.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/x509_algtest.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/x509_algtest.dir/tests:
x509_algtest.c.o x509_algtest.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/x509_crltest.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/x509_crltest.dir/tests:
x509_crltest.c.o x509_crltest.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/x509_exttest.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/x509_exttest.dir/tests:
x509_exttest.c.o x509_exttest.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/x509_oidtest.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/x509_oidtest.dir/tests:
x509_oidtest.c.o x509_oidtest.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/x509_reqtest.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/x509_reqtest.dir/tests:
x509_reqtest.c.o x509_reqtest.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/x509_strtest.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/x509_strtest.dir/tests:
x509_strtest.c.o x509_strtest.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/x509test.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/x509test.dir/tests:
x509test.c.o x509test.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/zuctest.dir:
build.make compiler_depend.internal compiler_depend.ts depend.make link.txt tests
cmake_clean.cmake compiler_depend.make DependInfo.cmake flags.make progress.make
./GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/zuctest.dir/tests:
zuctest.c.o zuctest.c.o.d
./GmSSL-master/build/Testing:
Temporary
./GmSSL-master/build/Testing/Temporary:
CTestCostData.txt LastTest.log LastTestsFailed.log
./GmSSL-master/cmake:
cert_commands.cmake sm2_commands.cmake sm3_commands.cmake tlcp_commands.cmake tls12_commands.cmake tls13_commands.cmake
./GmSSL-master/include:
gmssl
./GmSSL-master/include/gmssl:
aes.h chacha20.h endian.h hex.h oid.h rdrand.h skf.h sm2_key_share.h sm3_x8_avx2.h sm4_ctr_sm3_hmac.h tls.h x509_ext.h
asm.h cms.h error.h hkdf.h pbkdf2.h rsa.h sm2_blind.h sm2_recover.h sm3_xmss.h sm4.h version.h x509.h
asn1.h digest.h file.h hmac.h pem.h sdf.h sm2_commit.h sm2_ring.h sm4_cbc_mac.h sm9.h x509_alg.h x509_req.h
base64.h dylib.h gf128.h http.h pkcs8.h sha1.h sm2_elgamal.h sm2_z256.h sm4_cbc_sm3_hmac.h sm9_z256.h x509_cer.h zuc.h
block_cipher.h ec.h ghash.h mem.h rand.h sha2.h sm2.h sm3.h sm4_cl.h socket.h x509_crl.h
./GmSSL-master/src:
aes.c file.c http_win.c sgd.h sm2_key.c sm3_avx2.c sm4_arm64.c sm4_ctr.c sm9_sign.c tls_trace.c
aes_modes.c gf128_arm64.c pem.c sha1.c sm2_key_share.c sm3.c sm4_avx2.c sm4_ctr_sm3_hmac.c sm9_z256_arm64.S version.c
asn1.c gf128_arm64.S pkcs8.c sha256.c sm2_recover.c sm3_digest.c sm4.c sm4_ecb.c sm9_z256.c x509_alg.c
base64.c gf128_avx.c rand_apple.c sha512.c sm2_ring.c sm3_hmac.c sm4_cbc.c sm4_gcm.c sm9_z256_table.c x509_cer.c
block_cipher.c gf128.c rand.c skf sm2_sign.c sm3_kdf.c sm4_cbc_mac.c sm4_ofb.c socket.c x509_crl.c
chacha20.c ghash.c rand_unix.c sm2_blind.c sm2_z256_amd64.S sm3_lms.c sm4_cbc_sm3_hmac.c sm4_xts.c tlcp.c x509_ext.c
cms.c hex.c rand_win.c sm2_commit.c sm2_z256_arm64.S sm3_pbkdf2.c sm4_ccm.c sm9_enc.c tls12.c x509_new.c
debug.c hkdf.c rdrand.c sm2_elgamal.c sm2_z256.c sm3_sse.c sm4_ce.c sm9_exch.c tls13.c x509_req.c
digest.c hmac.c rsa.c sm2_enc.c sm2_z256_table.c sm3_xmss.c sm4_cfb.c sm9_key.c tls.c zuc.c
ec.c http.c sdf sm2_exch.c sm3_arm64.c sm4_aesni.c sm4_cl.c sm9_lib.c tls_ext.c zuc_modes.c
./GmSSL-master/src/sdf:
sdf.c sdf_ext.c sdf_ext.h sdf.h sdf_int.h sdf_lib.c sdf_meth.c sdf_sansec.c sdf_sansec.h
./GmSSL-master/src/skf:
skf.c skf_dummy.c skf_ext.c skf_ext.h skf.h skf_int.h skf_lib.c skf_meth.c skf_prn.c skf_wisec.c skf_wisec.h
./GmSSL-master/tests:
aestest.c ectest.c httptest.c sha256test.c sm2_key_sharetest.c sm3_xmsstest.c sm4_ctrtest.c sm9test.c x509_reqtest.c
asn1test.c gf128test.c pbkdf2test.c sha384test.c sm2_keytest.c sm4_aesni_avxtest.c sm4_ecbtest.c tls13test.c x509_strtest.c
base64test.c ghashtest.c pemtest.c sha512test.c sm2_recovertest.c sm4_cbc_mactest.c sm4_gcmtest.c tlstest.c x509test.c
block_ciphertest.c hextest.c pkcs8test.c sm2_blindtest.c sm2_ringtest.c sm4_cbctest.c sm4_ofbtest.c x509_algtest.c zuctest.c
chacha20test.c hkdftest.c rdrandtest.c sm2_committest.c sm2_signtest.c sm4_ccmtest.c sm4_sm3_hmactest.c x509_crltest.c
cmstest.c hmactest.c sha1test.c sm2_elgamaltest.c sm2_z256test.c sm4_cfbtest.c sm4test.c x509_exttest.c
digesttest.c http_crltest.c sha224test.c sm2_enctest.c sm3test.c sm4_cltest.c sm4_xtstest.c x509_oidtest.c
./GmSSL-master/tools:
certgen.c cmssign.c gmssl.c sdfencrypt.c sm2decrypt.c sm3hmac.c sm4_cbc_sm3_hmac.c sm4_ofb.c sm9verify.c version.c
certparse.c cmsverify.c rand.c sdfexport.c sm2encrypt.c sm3_pbkdf2.c sm4_ccm.c sm4_xts.c tlcp_client.c zuc.c
certrevoke.c crlgen.c reqgen.c sdfinfo.c sm2keygen.c sm3xmss_keygen.c sm4_cfb.c sm9decrypt.c tlcp_server.c
certverify.c crlget.c reqparse.c sdfsign.c sm2sign.c sm3xmss_sign.c sm4_ctr.c sm9encrypt.c tls12_client.c
cmsdecrypt.c crlparse.c reqsign.c sdftest.c sm2speed.c sm4.c sm4_ctr_sm3_hmac.c sm9keygen.c tls12_server.c
cmsencrypt.c crlverify.c sdfdecrypt.c sdfutil.c sm2verify.c sm4_cbc.c sm4_ecb.c sm9setup.c tls13_client.c
cmsparse.c ghash.c sdfdigest.c skfutil.c sm3.c sm4_cbc_mac.c sm4_gcm.c sm9sign.c tls13_server.c
ls -lh
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~/桌面$ ls -lh
总计 1.1M
-rw-rw-r-- 1 fengtairui fengtairui 1.3K 9月 5 17:16 archive.tar.gz
drwxrwxr-x 9 fengtairui fengtairui 4.0K 9月 8 20:12 GmSSL-master
-rw-rw-r-- 1 fengtairui fengtairui 1.1M 9月 8 20:08 GmSSL-master.zip
who
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~/桌面$ who
fengtairui tty2 2024-09-10 10:24 (tty2)
pwd
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~/桌面$ pwd
/home/fengtairui/桌面
cd
cd
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~/桌面$ cd
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~$
cd ~
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~/桌面$ cd ~
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~$
cd .
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~/桌面$ cd .
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~/桌面$
cd ..
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~/桌面$ cd ..
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~$
cd -
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~$ cd -
/home/fengtairui/桌面
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~/桌面$
man
man man
MAN(1) 手册分页显示工具 MAN(1)
名称
man - 系统参考手册的接口
概述
man [man 选项] [[章节] 页 ...] ...
man -k [apropos 选项] 正则表达式 ...
man -K [man 选项] [章节] 关键词 ...
man -f [whatis 选项] 页 ...
man -l [man 选项] 文件 ...
man -w|-W [man 选项] page ...
描述
man 是系统的手册分页程序。指定给 man 的 页 选项通常是程序、工具或函数名。程序将显示每一个找到的相关 手册页。如果指定了 章节，man 将只在手册的指定 章节
搜索。默认将按预定的顺序查找所有可用的 章节（参见 默认值 一节），并只显示找到的第一个 页，即使多个 章节 中都有这个 页面。
下表显示了手册的 章节 号及其包含的手册页类型。
1 可执行程序或 shell 命令
2 系统调用(内核提供的函数)
3 库调用(程序库中的函数)
4 特殊文件(通常位于 /dev)
5 文件格式和规范，如 /etc/passwd
6 游戏
7 杂项（包括宏包和规范）， 如 man(7)，groff(7), man-pages(7)
8 系统管理命令(通常只针对 root 用户)
9 内核例程 [非标准]
man printf
PRINTF(1) User Commands PRINTF(1)
NAME
printf - format and print data
SYNOPSIS
printf FORMAT [ARGUMENT]...
printf OPTION
DESCRIPTION
Print ARGUMENT(s) according to FORMAT, or execute according to OPTION:
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
FORMAT controls the output as in C printf. Interpreted sequences are:
\" double quote
\\ backslash
man 3 printf
PRINTF(3) Linux Programmer's Manual PRINTF(3)
NAME
printf, fprintf, dprintf, sprintf, snprintf, vprintf, vfprintf, vd‐
printf, vsprintf, vsnprintf - formatted output conversion
SYNOPSIS
#include <stdio.h>
int printf(const char *format, ...);
int fprintf(FILE *stream, const char *format, ...);
int dprintf(int fd, const char *format, ...);
int sprintf(char *str, const char *format, ...);
int snprintf(char *str, size_t size, const char *format, ...);
#include <stdarg.h>
int vprintf(const char *format, va_list ap);
int vfprintf(FILE *stream, const char *format, va_list ap);
int vdprintf(int fd, const char *format, va_list ap);
int vsprintf(char *str, const char *format, va_list ap);
int vsnprintf(char *str, size_t size, const char *format, va_list ap);
man -k sort
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~/桌面$ man -k sort
alphasort (3) - scan a directory for matching entries
apt-sortpkgs (1) - Utility to sort package index files
bsearch (3) - binary search of a sorted array
bunzip2 (1) - a block-sorting file compressor, v1.0.8
bzip2 (1) - a block-sorting file compressor, v1.0.8
comm (1) - compare two sorted files line by line
qsort (3) - sort an array
qsort_r (3) - sort an array
sort (1) - sort lines of text files
tsort (1) - perform topological sort
versionsort (3) - scan a directory for matching entries
XConsortium (7) - X Consortium information
man -k sort | grep 3
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~/桌面$ man -k sort | grep 3
alphasort (3) - scan a directory for matching entries
bsearch (3) - binary search of a sorted array
qsort (3) - sort an array
qsort_r (3) - sort an array
versionsort (3) - scan a directory for matching entries
man -f qsort
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~/桌面$ man -f qsort
qsort (3) - sort an array
whereis
whereis ls
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~$ whereis ls
ls: /usr/bin/ls /usr/share/man/man1/ls.1.gz
which
which ls
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~$ which ls
/usr/bin/ls
find
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~$ find build
build
locate
engtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~$ locate build
/home/fengtairui/build
/home/fengtairui/.local/share/Trash/files/build
/home/fengtairui/.local/share/Trash/files/GmSSL/build
/home/fengtairui/.local/share/Trash/files/GmSSL/build/CMakeCache.txt
/home/fengtairui/.local/share/Trash/files/GmSSL/build/CMakeFiles
/home/fengtairui/.local/share/Trash/files/GmSSL/build/CPackConfig.cmake
/home/fengtairui/.local/share/Trash/files/GmSSL/build/CPackSourceConfig.cmake
/home/fengtairui/.local/share/Trash/files/GmSSL/build/CTestTestfile.cmake
/home/fengtairui/.local/share/Trash/files/GmSSL/build/Makefile
/home/fengtairui/.local/share/Trash/files/GmSSL/build/Testing
/home/fengtairui/.local/share/Trash/files/GmSSL/build/bin
/home/fengtairui/.local/share/Trash/files/GmSSL/build/build
/home/fengtairui/.local/share/Trash/files/GmSSL/build/cert.pem
/home/fengtairui/.local/share/Trash/files/GmSSL/build/cmake_install.cmake
/home/fengtairui/.local/share/Trash/files/GmSSL/build/install_manifest.txt
/home/fengtairui/.local/share/Trash/files/GmSSL/build/req.pem
/home/fengtairui/.local/share/Trash/files/GmSSL/build/test_unix_style.pem
/home/fengtairui/.local/share/Trash/files/GmSSL/build/test_unix_style_without_last_newline.pem
/home/fengtairui/.local/share/Trash/files/GmSSL/build/test_windows_style.pem
/home/fengtairui/.local/share/Trash/files/GmSSL/build/test_windows_style_without_last_newline.pem
/home/fengtairui/.local/share/Trash/files/GmSSL/build/CMakeFiles/3.22.1
/home/fengtairui/.local/share/Trash/files/GmSSL/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeDirectoryInformation.cmake
/home/fengtairui/.local/share/Trash/files/GmSSL/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeOutput.log
/home/fengtairui/.local/share/Trash/files/GmSSL/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp
/home/fengtairui/.local/share/Trash/files/GmSSL/build/CMakeFiles/Makefile.cmake
………………
grep
grep -nr O_RDWR
engtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~$ grep -nr O_RDWR /usr/include
/usr/include/linux/dma-heap.h:18:/* Valid FD_FLAGS are O_CLOEXEC, O_RDONLY, O_WRONLY, O_RDWR */
/usr/include/asm-generic/fcntl.h:22:#define O_RDWR 00000002
/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/fcntl-linux.h:45:#define O_RDWR 02
/usr/include/scsi/cxlflash_ioctl.h:65: * and O_RDWR flags defined in the fcntl.h header file.
/usr/include/drm/drm.h:839:#define DRM_RDWR O_RDWR
选择自己习惯的AI工具，针对上面核心命令，让AI给自己生成至少例子，然后自己进行验证，总结
询问AI的过程
我
ls、who、pwd、cd、man、whereis、which、find、locate、grep针对以上核心命令，请生成对应的使用例子
AI
当然可以，以下是每个命令的更多使用例子：
1. **ls** - 列出目录内容
ls -lh # 以长格式显示文件，并以易读的格式显示文件大小
ls -a # 显示所有文件，包括隐藏文件
ls -R # 递归列出所有子目录的内容
ls -t # 按修改时间排序文件
ls -S # 按文件大小排序文件
ls --color=auto # 根据文件类型显示颜色
2. **who** - 显示当前登录系统的用户
who -a # 显示所有登录用户及其详细登录信息
who -m # 显示当前登录的用户和终端信息
who -q # 只显示登录用户的数量
3. **pwd** - 显示当前工作目录的路径
pwd # 显示当前工作目录的完整路径
4. **cd** - 改变当前目录
cd ~ # 切换到用户的主目录
cd - # 切换到上次的工作目录
cd /usr/bin # 切换到/usr/bin目录
5. **man** - 查看命令的手册页
man 5 passwd # 查看passwd文件格式的手册页
man -f ls # 查找ls命令的简短描述
man -P cat # 使用cat作为分页程序查看手册页
6. **whereis** - 定位二进制、源和手册页文件的位置
whereis apache # 显示Apache相关的文件位置
whereis -b vim # 只显示vim的二进制文件位置
7. **which** - 显示命令的可执行文件路径
which -a java # 显示所有可能的java可执行文件路径
which --skip-alias grep # 显示grep命令的路径，忽略别名
8. **find** - 在文件系统中搜索文件
find / -type f -name "*.txt" # 查找根目录下所有.txt文件
find /home/user -user user -group group # 查找属于特定用户和组的文件
find /var/log -mtime -7 # 查找过去7天内修改过的文件
find / -iname "*.log" # 不区分大小写查找.log文件
9. **locate** - 通过数据库快速定位文件
locate -i "filename" # 不区分大小写搜索文件
locate -l 10 # 显示匹配的前10个文件
locate /etc/hosts # 查找特定的文件
10. **grep** - 搜索文件内容
grep "error" /var/log/syslog` #在syslog文件中搜索包含"error"的行
grep -r "password" /etc #递归搜索/etc目录及其子目录中包含"password"的文件
这些例子展示了如何使用这些命令来执行各种文件系统相关的任务。
我的实践
ls
ls -t 按修改时间排序文件
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~$ ls -t
snap 图片 桌面 下载 build 视频 文档 音乐 公共的 模板
ls -S 按文件大小排序文件
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~$ ls -S
公共的 模板 视频 图片 文档 下载 音乐 桌面 build snap
ls --color=auto 根据文件类型显示颜色
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~$ ls --color=auto
公共的 模板 视频 图片 文档 下载 音乐 桌面 build snap
who
who -m 显示当前登录的用户和终端信息
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~$ who -m
who -q 只显示登录用户的数量
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~$ who -q
fengtairui
# 用户数=1
pwd
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~$ pwd
/home/fengtairui
cd
cd /usr/bin 切换到/usr/bin目录
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~/桌面$ cd /usr/bin
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:/usr/bin$
man
man 5 passwd 查看passwd文件格式的手册页
PASSWD(5) 文件格式和转化 PASSWD(5)
名称
passwd - 密码文件
描述
/etc/passwd contains one line for each user account, with seven fields
delimited by colons (“:”). These fields are:
• 登录名
• 可选的加密后的密码
• 数字用户 ID
• 数字组 ID
• 用户名和注释字段
• 用户主目录
• 可选的用户命令解释器
man -f ls 查找ls命令的简短描述
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:/usr/bin$ man -f ls
ls (1) - list directory contents
man -P cat 使用cat作为分页程序查看手册页
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:/usr/bin$ man -P cat
您需要什么手册页？
例如，尝试使用“man man”。
whereis
whereis apache 显示Apache相关的文件位置
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:/usr/bin$ whereis apache
apache:
whereis -b vim 只显示vim的二进制文件位置
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:/usr/bin$ whereis -b vim
vim: /etc/vim /usr/share/vim
which
which -a zip 显示所有可能的zip可执行文件路径
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:/usr/bin$ which -a zip
/usr/bin/zip
/bin/zip
which --skip-alias grep 显示grep命令的路径，忽略别名
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:/usr/bin$ which --skip-alias grep
Illegal option --
Usage: /usr/bin/which [-a] args
find
find / -type f -name "*.txt" 查找根目录下所有.txt文件
engtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:/usr/bin$ find / -type f -name "*.txt"
find: ‘/run/initramfs’: 权限不够
find: ‘/run/systemd/inaccessible/dir’: 权限不够
find: ‘/run/systemd/unit-root’: 权限不够
find: ‘/run/systemd/propagate’: 权限不够
find: ‘/run/systemd/resolve/netif’: 权限不够
find: ‘/run/credentials/systemd-sysusers.service’: 权限不够
find: ‘/run/openvpn-client’: 权限不够
find: ‘/run/openvpn-server’: 权限不够
find: ‘/run/speech-dispatcher’: 权限不够
find: ‘/run/sudo’: 权限不够
find: ‘/run/user/1000/systemd/inaccessible/dir’: 权限不够
find: ‘/run/cups/certs’: 权限不够
find: ‘/run/udisks2’: 权限不够
find: ‘/run/gdm3’: 权限不够
find: ‘/tmp/vmware-root_850-2689209357’: 权限不够
find: ‘/tmp/systemd-private-f8245476e334427187b202113c789266-colord.service-4wDeJ8’: 权限不够
find: ‘/tmp/systemd-private-f8245476e334427187b202113c789266-ModemManager.service-8zZPyR’: 权限不够
find: ‘/tmp/systemd-private-f8245476e334427187b202113c789266-power-profiles-daemon.service-ZQTABA’: 权限不够
find: ‘/tmp/systemd-private-f8245476e334427187b202113c789266-bluetooth.service-Xb5KgM’: 权限不够
find: ‘/tmp/snap-private-tmp’: 权限不够
find: ‘/tmp/systemd-private-f8245476e334427187b202113c789266-systemd-timesyncd.service-KHHWjv’: 权限不够
find: ‘/tmp/systemd-private-f8245476e334427187b202113c789266-systemd-oomd.service-reizbi’: 权限不够
find: ‘/tmp/systemd-private-f8245476e334427187b202113c789266-systemd-resolved.service-cqCXHY’: 权限不够
find: ‘/tmp/systemd-private-f8245476e334427187b202113c789266-switcheroo-control.service-Q0ymyI’: 权限不够
find: ‘/tmp/systemd-private-f8245476e334427187b202113c789266-upower.service-BDuIdd’: 权限不够
find: ‘/tmp/systemd-private-f8245476e334427187b202113c789266-systemd-logind.service-penj2X’: 权限不够
find: ‘/etc/cups/ssl’: 权限不够
find: ‘/etc/polkit-1/localauthority’: 权限不够
find: ‘/etc/ssl/private’: 权限不够
/etc/X11/rgb.txt
/etc/brltty/Input/lb/all.txt
/etc/brltty/Input/bl/40_m20_m40.txt
/etc/brltty/Input/bl/18.txt
/etc/brltty/Input/ec/all.txt
/etc/brltty/Input/ec/spanish.txt
/etc/brltty/Input/vd/all.txt
/etc/brltty/Input/vs/all.txt
/etc/brltty/Input/eu/all.txt
/etc/brltty/Input/mn/all.txt
/etc/brltty/Input/bd/all.txt
/etc/brltty/Input/lt/all.txt
/etc/brltty/Input/vr/all.txt
/etc/brltty/Input/mb/all.txt
/etc/brltty/Input/no/all.txt
/etc/brltty/Input/tt/all.txt
/etc/brltty/Input/ba/all.txt
/etc/brltty/Input/tn/all.txt
………………
find /var/log -mtime -7 # 查找过去7天内修改过的文件
engtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:/usr/bin$ find /var/log -mtime -7
/var/log
/var/log/vmware-vmsvc-root.log
/var/log/vmware-network.log
/var/log/dmesg.0
/var/log/kern.log
/var/log/apport.log.1
/var/log/fontconfig.log
/var/log/gpu-manager.log
find: ‘/var/log/speech-dispatcher’: 权限不够
/var/log/syslog
/var/log/vmware-network.3.log
/var/log/wtmp
/var/log/auth.log.1
/var/log/cups
/var/log/cups/access_log.1
/var/log/cups/access_log
/var/log/journal/3a6c9b678156486bb41efa42454d77fd
/var/log/journal/3a6c9b678156486bb41efa42454d77fd/system@b17df410643147149578f5620658e7c7-0000000000002390-000621992ef032bc.journal
/var/log/journal/3a6c9b678156486bb41efa42454d77fd/system.journal
/var/log/journal/3a6c9b678156486bb41efa42454d77fd/user-1000.journal
/var/log/journal/3a6c9b678156486bb41efa42454d77fd/system@b17df410643147149578f5620658e7c7-0000000000000a53-00062110b2ab93aa.journal
/var/log/journal/3a6c9b678156486bb41efa42454d77fd/user-1000@7404655c1b2c4156a90a637f4f332754-0000000000002394-000621992f8da05c.journal
/var/log/journal/3a6c9b678156486bb41efa42454d77fd/user-1000@7404655c1b2c4156a90a637f4f332754-0000000000000a55-00062110b2ad013a.journal
/var/log/vmware-network.5.log
/var/log/auth.log
/var/log/kern.log.1
/var/log/vmware-network.4.log
/var/log/alternatives.log
/var/log/boot.log
/var/log/vmware-network.1.log
/var/log/vmware-vmsvc-root.3.log
/var/log/dmesg.3.gz
/var/log/apt
/var/log/apt/term.log
/var/log/apt/eipp.log.xz
/var/log/apt/history.log
/var/log/vmware-network.8.log
/var/log/ubuntu-advantage.log
/var/log/dmesg.2.gz
/var/log/vmware-vmtoolsd-fengtairui.log
/var/log/vmware-vmsvc-root.2.log
/var/log/syslog.1
/var/log/vmware-vmsvc-root.1.log
/var/log/boot.log.2
/var/log/dmesg.1.gz
/var/log/boot.log.1
/var/log/dpkg.log
/var/log/apport.log
/var/log/dmesg
find: ‘/var/log/private’: 权限不够
/var/log/vmware-network.2.log
/var/log/vmware-vmtoolsd-root.log
/var/log/vmware-network.7.log
find: ‘/var/log/gdm3’: 权限不够
/var/log/unattended-upgrades
/var/log/unattended-upgrades/unattended-upgrades-dpkg.log
/var/log/unattended-upgrades/unattended-upgrades-shutdown.log
/var/log/unattended-upgrades/unattended-upgrades.log
/var/log/vmware-vmusr-fengtairui.log
/var/log/vmware-network.6.log
find / -iname "*.log" # 不区分大小写查找.log文件
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:/usr/bin$ find /var/log -mtime -7
/var/log
/var/log/vmware-vmsvc-root.log
/var/log/vmware-network.log
/var/log/dmesg.0
/var/log/kern.log
/var/log/apport.log.1
/var/log/fontconfig.log
/var/log/gpu-manager.log
find: ‘/var/log/speech-dispatcher’: 权限不够
/var/log/syslog
/var/log/vmware-network.3.log
/var/log/wtmp
/var/log/auth.log.1
/var/log/cups
/var/log/cups/access_log.1
/var/log/cups/access_log
/var/log/journal/3a6c9b678156486bb41efa42454d77fd
/var/log/journal/3a6c9b678156486bb41efa42454d77fd/system@b17df410643147149578f5620658e7c7-0000000000002390-000621992ef032bc.journal
/var/log/journal/3a6c9b678156486bb41efa42454d77fd/system.journal
/var/log/journal/3a6c9b678156486bb41efa42454d77fd/user-1000.journal
/var/log/journal/3a6c9b678156486bb41efa42454d77fd/system@b17df410643147149578f5620658e7c7-0000000000000a53-00062110b2ab93aa.journal
/var/log/journal/3a6c9b678156486bb41efa42454d77fd/user-1000@7404655c1b2c4156a90a637f4f332754-0000000000002394-000621992f8da05c.journal
/var/log/journal/3a6c9b678156486bb41efa42454d77fd/user-1000@7404655c1b2c4156a90a637f4f332754-0000000000000a55-00062110b2ad013a.journal
/var/log/vmware-network.5.log
/var/log/auth.log
/var/log/kern.log.1
/var/log/vmware-network.4.log
/var/log/alternatives.log
/var/log/boot.log
/var/log/vmware-network.1.log
/var/log/vmware-vmsvc-root.3.log
/var/log/dmesg.3.gz
/var/log/apt
/var/log/apt/term.log
/var/log/apt/eipp.log.xz
/var/log/apt/history.log
/var/log/vmware-network.8.log
/var/log/ubuntu-advantage.log
/var/log/dmesg.2.gz
/var/log/vmware-vmtoolsd-fengtairui.log
/var/log/vmware-vmsvc-root.2.log
/var/log/syslog.1
/var/log/vmware-vmsvc-root.1.log
/var/log/boot.log.2
/var/log/dmesg.1.gz
/var/log/boot.log.1
/var/log/dpkg.log
/var/log/apport.log
/var/log/dmesg
find: ‘/var/log/private’: 权限不够
/var/log/vmware-network.2.log
/var/log/vmware-vmtoolsd-root.log
/var/log/vmware-network.7.log
find: ‘/var/log/gdm3’: 权限不够
/var/log/unattended-upgrades
/var/log/unattended-upgrades/unattended-upgrades-dpkg.log
/var/log/unattended-upgrades/unattended-upgrades-shutdown.log
/var/log/unattended-upgrades/unattended-upgrades.log
/var/log/vmware-vmusr-fengtairui.log
/var/log/vmware-network.6.log
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:/usr/bin$ find / -iname "*.log"
find: ‘/run/initramfs’: 权限不够
find: ‘/run/systemd/inaccessible/dir’: 权限不够
find: ‘/run/systemd/unit-root’: 权限不够
find: ‘/run/systemd/propagate’: 权限不够
find: ‘/run/systemd/resolve/netif’: 权限不够
find: ‘/run/credentials/systemd-sysusers.service’: 权限不够
find: ‘/run/openvpn-client’: 权限不够
find: ‘/run/openvpn-server’: 权限不够
find: ‘/run/speech-dispatcher’: 权限不够
find: ‘/run/sudo’: 权限不够
find: ‘/run/user/1000/systemd/inaccessible/dir’: 权限不够
/run/user/1000/speech-dispatcher/log/speech-dispatcher.log
/run/user/1000/speech-dispatcher/log/espeak-ng-mbrola.log
/run/user/1000/speech-dispatcher/log/espeak-ng.log
/run/user/1000/speech-dispatcher/log/dummy.log
find: ‘/run/cups/certs’: 权限不够
find: ‘/run/udisks2’: 权限不够
find: ‘/run/gdm3’: 权限不够
find: ‘/tmp/vmware-root_850-2689209357’: 权限不够
find: ‘/tmp/systemd-private-f8245476e334427187b202113c789266-colord.service-4wDeJ8’: 权限不够
find: ‘/tmp/systemd-private-f8245476e334427187b202113c789266-ModemManager.service-8zZPyR’: 权限不够
find: ‘/tmp/systemd-private-f8245476e334427187b202113c789266-power-profiles-daemon.service-ZQTABA’: 权限不够
find: ‘/tmp/systemd-private-f8245476e334427187b202113c789266-bluetooth.service-Xb5KgM’: 权限不够
find: ‘/tmp/snap-private-tmp’: 权限不够
find: ‘/tmp/systemd-private-f8245476e334427187b202113c789266-systemd-timesyncd.service-KHHWjv’: 权限不够
find: ‘/tmp/systemd-private-f8245476e334427187b202113c789266-systemd-oomd.service-reizbi’: 权限不够
find: ‘/tmp/systemd-private-f8245476e334427187b202113c789266-systemd-resolved.service-cqCXHY’: 权限不够
find: ‘/tmp/systemd-private-f8245476e334427187b202113c789266-switcheroo-control.service-Q0ymyI’: 权限不够
find: ‘/tmp/systemd-private-f8245476e334427187b202113c789266-upower.service-BDuIdd’: 权限不够
find: ‘/tmp/systemd-private-f8245476e334427187b202113c789266-systemd-logind.service-penj2X’: 权限不够
………………
locate
locate -i "filename" 不区分大小写搜索文件
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:/usr/bin$ locate -i "filename"
/usr/share/cmake-3.22/Help/command/get_filename_component.rst
locate -l 10 显示匹配的前10个文件
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:/usr/bin$ locate -l 10
plocate: no pattern to search for specified
locate /etc/hosts # 查找特定的文件
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:/usr/bin$ locate /etc/hosts
/etc/hosts
/etc/hosts.allow
/etc/hosts.deny
/snap/core20/2318/etc/hosts
/snap/core20/2318/etc/hosts.allow
/snap/core20/2318/etc/hosts.deny
/snap/core22/1122/etc/hosts
/snap/core22/1122/etc/hosts.allow
/snap/core22/1122/etc/hosts.deny
/snap/core22/1612/etc/hosts
/snap/core22/1612/etc/hosts.allow
/snap/core22/1612/etc/hosts.deny
grep
grep -r "password" /etc 递归搜索/etc目录及其子目录中包含"password"的文件。
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~$ grep -r "password" /etc
/etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/authentication: # databases containing passwords, PAM configuration files, PAM libraries
grep: /etc/shadow: 权限不够
/etc/chatscripts/provider:word \q<put password here>
grep: /etc/cups/ssl: 权限不够
grep: /etc/cups/subscriptions.conf: 权限不够
grep: /etc/cups/subscriptions.conf.O: 权限不够
/etc/debconf.conf:# World-readable, and accepts everything but passwords.
/etc/debconf.conf:Reject-Type: password
/etc/debconf.conf:# Not world readable (the default), and accepts only passwords.
/etc/debconf.conf:Name: passwords
/etc/debconf.conf:Accept-Type: password
/etc/debconf.conf:Filename: /var/cache/debconf/passwords.dat
/etc/debconf.conf:# databases, one to hold passwords and one for everything else.
/etc/debconf.conf:Stack: config, passwords
/etc/debconf.conf:# A remote LDAP database. It is also read-only. The password is really
grep: /etc/polkit-1/localauthority: 权限不够
grep: /etc/gshadow: 权限不够
/etc/pam.d/gdm-password:@include common-password
/etc/pam.d/polkit-1:@include common-password
/etc/pam.d/gdm-fingerprint:password required pam_fprintd.so
/etc/pam.d/su:# This allows root to su without passwords (normal operation)
/etc/pam.d/su:# su without a password.
/etc/pam.d/newusers:@include common-password
/etc/pam.d/gdm-autologin:@include common-password
/etc/pam.d/common-password:# /etc/pam.d/common-password - password-related modules common to all services
/etc/pam.d/common-password:# used to change user passwords. The default is pam_unix.
/etc/pam.d/common-password:#hashed passwords using the yescrypt algorithm, introduced in Debian
/etc/pam.d/common-password:#used the option "sha512"; if a shadow password hash will be shared
/etc/pam.d/common-password:password requisite pam_pwquality.so retry=3
/etc/pam.d/common-password:password [success=2 default=ignore] pam_unix.so obscure use_authtok try_first_pass yescrypt
/etc/pam.d/common-password:password sufficient pam_sss.so use_authtok
/etc/pam.d/common-password:password requisite pam_deny.so
/etc/pam.d/common-password:password required pam_permit.so
/etc/pam.d/common-password:password optional pam_gnome_keyring.so
/etc/pam.d/chfn:# prompted for a password
/etc/pam.d/su-l:password include su
/etc/pam.d/gdm-launch-environment:@include common-password
/etc/pam.d/chpasswd:@include common-password
/etc/pam.d/chsh:# prompted for a password
/etc/pam.d/gdm-smartcard-sssd-or-password:@include common-password
/etc/pam.d/other:@include common-password
/etc/pam.d/login:@include common-password
/etc/pam.d/passwd:@include common-password
grep: /etc/brlapi.key: 权限不够
/etc/ssl/openssl.cnf:# input_password = secret
/etc/ssl/openssl.cnf:# output_password = secret
/etc/ssl/openssl.cnf:challengePassword = A challenge password
grep: /etc/ssl/private: 权限不够
grep: /etc/ufw/before6.rules: 权限不够
grep: /etc/ufw/after6.rules: 权限不够
grep: /etc/ufw/user.rules: 权限不够
grep: /etc/ufw/user6.rules: 权限不够
grep: /etc/ufw/before.rules: 权限不够
grep: /etc/ufw/after.rules: 权限不够
grep: /etc/ufw/after.init: 权限不够
grep: /etc/ufw/before.init: 权限不够
grep: /etc/gshadow-: 权限不够
grep: /etc/profile.d/debuginfod.csh: 权限不够
grep: /etc/profile.d/debuginfod.sh: 权限不够
grep: /etc/sudoers.d/README: 权限不够
grep: /etc/ppp/pap-secrets: 权限不够
/etc/ppp/options:# Don't show the passwords when logging the contents of PAP packets.
/etc/ppp/options:hide-password
/etc/ppp/options:# show the password string in the log message.
/etc/ppp/options:#show-password
/etc/ppp/options:# Use the system password database for authenticating the peer using
grep: /etc/ppp/chap-secrets: 权限不够
/etc/ppp/peers/provider:# There should be a matching entry with the password in /etc/ppp/pap-secrets
/etc/wpa_supplicant/functions.sh: *-psk|*-passphrase|*-passwd*|*-password*|*-wep-key*)
/etc/wpa_supplicant/functions.sh: set_network password wpa-password
/etc/sudo.conf:# password prompt for "sudo -A" support. Sudo does not ship with its
/etc/default/useradd:# The number of days after a password expires until the account
grep: /etc/security/opasswd: 权限不够
/etc/security/pwquality.conf:# Configuration for systemwide password quality limits
/etc/security/pwquality.conf:# Number of characters in the new password that must not be present in the
/etc/security/pwquality.conf:# old password.
/etc/security/pwquality.conf:# Minimum acceptable size for the new password (plus one if
/etc/security/pwquality.conf:# The maximum credit for having digits in the new password. If less than 0
/etc/security/pwquality.conf:# it is the minimum number of digits in the new password.
/etc/security/pwquality.conf:# The maximum credit for having uppercase characters in the new password.
/etc/security/pwquality.conf:# password.
/etc/security/pwquality.conf:# The maximum credit for having lowercase characters in the new password.
/etc/security/pwquality.conf:# password.
/etc/security/pwquality.conf:# The maximum credit for having other characters in the new password.
/etc/security/pwquality.conf:# password.
/etc/security/pwquality.conf:# password (digits, uppercase, lowercase, others).
/etc/security/pwquality.conf:# The maximum number of allowed consecutive same characters in the new password.
/etc/security/pwquality.conf:# new password.
/etc/security/pwquality.conf:# Length of substrings from the username to check for in the password
/etc/security/pwquality.conf:# The new password is rejected if it fails the check and the value is not 0.
/etc/security/pwquality.conf:# Enforces pwquality checks on the root user password.
/etc/security/pwquality.conf:# Skip testing the password quality for users that are not present in the
/etc/hdparm.conf:# --security-set-pass Set security password
/etc/hdparm.conf:# security_pass = password
/etc/hdparm.conf:# --user-master Select password to use
/etc/cracklib/cracklib.conf:# passwords should not match. The files may optionally be compressed
/etc/apg.conf:#Pronounceable passwords with special characters:
/etc/apg.conf:#Pronounceable passwords without special characters:
/etc/apg.conf:#Random passwords:
/etc/fwupd/redfish.conf:# The username and password to the Redfish service
/etc/login.defs:# PASS_MAX_DAYS Maximum number of days a password may be used.
/etc/login.defs:# PASS_MIN_DAYS Minimum number of days allowed between password changes.
/etc/login.defs:# PASS_WARN_AGE Number of days warning given before a password expires.
/etc/login.defs:# Max number of login retries if password is bad. This will most likely be
/etc/login.defs:# If set to "yes", new passwords will be encrypted using the MD5-based
/etc/login.defs:# It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer salt strings.
/etc/login.defs:# Set to "no" if you need to copy encrypted passwords to other systems
/etc/login.defs:# If set to MD5 , MD5-based algorithm will be used for encrypting password
/etc/login.defs:# If set to SHA256, SHA256-based algorithm will be used for encrypting password
/etc/login.defs:# If set to SHA512, SHA512-based algorithm will be used for encrypting password
/etc/login.defs:# If set to DES, DES-based algorithm will be used for encrypting password (default)
/etc/login.defs:# With a lot of rounds, it is more difficult to brute forcing the password.
/etc/services:shell 514/tcp cmd syslog # no passwords used
grep: /etc/sudoers: 权限不够
grep: /etc/.pwd.lock: 权限不够
grep: /etc/shadow-: 权限不够
grep "error" /var/log/syslog 在syslog文件中搜索包含"error"的行
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~$ grep "error" /var/log/syslog
Sep 8 18:33:53 fengtairui-virtual-machine alsactl[1091]: alsa-lib main.c:1412:(snd_use_case_mgr_open) error: failed to import hw:0 use case configuration -2
Sep 8 19:05:25 fengtairui-virtual-machine tracker-extract[6060]: Task for 'file:///usr/share/applications/evolution-calendar.desktop.dpkg-new' finished with error: Error when getting information for file “/usr/share/applications/evolution-calendar.desktop.dpkg-new”: 没有那个文件或目录
Sep 8 19:05:25 fengtairui-virtual-machine tracker-extract[6060]: Task for 'file:///usr/share/applications/evolution-calendar.desktop.dpkg-tmp' finished with error: Error when getting information for file “/usr/share/applications/evolution-calendar.desktop.dpkg-tmp”: 没有那个文件或目录
Sep 8 19:05:25 fengtairui-virtual-machine tracker-extract[6060]: Task for 'file:///usr/share/applications/org.gnome.Shell.desktop.dpkg-new' finished with error: Error when getting information for file “/usr/share/applications/org.gnome.Shell.desktop.dpkg-new”: 没有那个文件或目录
Sep 8 19:05:25 fengtairui-virtual-machine tracker-extract[6060]: Task for 'file:///usr/share/applications/org.gnome.Shell.desktop.dpkg-tmp' finished with error: Error when getting information for file “/usr/share/applications/org.gnome.Shell.desktop.dpkg-tmp”: 没有那个文件或目录
Sep 8 19:05:25 fengtairui-virtual-machine tracker-extract[6060]: Task for 'file:///usr/share/applications/org.gnome.Shell.Extensions.desktop.dpkg-new' finished with error: Error when getting information for file “/usr/share/applications/org.gnome.Shell.Extensions.desktop.dpkg-new”: 没有那个文件或目录
Sep 8 19:05:25 fengtairui-virtual-machine tracker-extract[6060]: Task for 'file:///usr/share/applications/org.gnome.Shell.Extensions.desktop.dpkg-tmp' finished with error: Error when getting information for file “/usr/share/applications/org.gnome.Shell.Extensions.desktop.dpkg-tmp”: 没有那个文件或目录
Sep 8 19:05:25 fengtairui-virtual-machine tracker-extract[6060]: Task for 'file:///usr/share/applications/org.gnome.Shell.PortalHelper.desktop.dpkg-new' finished with error: Error when getting information for file “/usr/share/applications/org.gnome.Shell.PortalHelper.desktop.dpkg-new”: 没有那个文件或目录
Sep 8 19:05:25 fengtairui-virtual-machine tracker-extract[6060]: Task for 'file:///usr/share/applications/org.gnome.Shell.PortalHelper.desktop.dpkg-tmp' finished with error: Error when getting information for file “/usr/share/applications/org.gnome.Shell.PortalHelper.desktop.dpkg-tmp”: 没有那个文件或目录
Sep 8 19:05:37 fengtairui-virtual-machine tracker-extract[7450]: Task for 'file:///usr/share/applications/vim.desktop.dpkg-new' finished with error: Error when getting information for file “/usr/share/applications/vim.desktop.dpkg-new”: 没有那个文件或目录
Sep 8 19:05:37 fengtairui-virtual-machine tracker-extract[7450]: Task for 'file:///usr/share/applications/vim.desktop.dpkg-tmp' finished with error: Error when getting information for file “/usr/share/applications/vim.desktop.dpkg-tmp”: 没有那个文件或目录
Sep 8 19:05:40 fengtairui-virtual-machine tracker-extract[7450]: Task for 'file:///usr/share/applications/apport-gtk.desktop.dpkg-new' finished with error: Error when getting information for file “/usr/share/applications/apport-gtk.desktop.dpkg-new”: 没有那个文件或目录
Sep 8 19:05:40 fengtairui-virtual-machine tracker-extract[7450]: Task for 'file:///usr/share/applications/apport-gtk.desktop.dpkg-tmp' finished with error: Error when getting information for file “/usr/share/applications/apport-gtk.desktop.dpkg-tmp”: 没有那个文件或目录
Sep 8 19:05:45 fengtairui-virtual-machine tracker-extract[7450]: Task for 'file:///usr/share/applications/libreoffice-calc.desktop.dpkg-new' finished with error: Error when getting information for file “/usr/share/applications/libreoffice-calc.desktop.dpkg-new”: 没有那个文件或目录
Sep 8 19:05:45 fengtairui-virtual-machine tracker-extract[7450]: Task for 'file:///usr/share/applications/libreoffice-calc.desktop.dpkg-tmp' finished with error: Error when getting information for file “/usr/share/applications/libreoffice-calc.desktop.dpkg-tmp”: 没有那个文件或目录
Sep 8 19:05:45 fengtairui-virtual-machine tracker-extract[7450]: Task for 'file:///usr/share/applications/libreoffice-impress.desktop.dpkg-new' finished with error: Error when getting information for file “/usr/share/applications/libreoffice-impress.desktop.dpkg-new”: 没有那个文件或目录
Sep 8 19:05:45 fengtairui-virtual-machine tracker-extract[7450]: Task for 'file:///usr/share/applications/libreoffice-impress.desktop.dpkg-tmp' finished with error: Error when getting information for file “/usr/share/applications/libreoffice-impress.desktop.dpkg-tmp”: 没有那个文件或目录
Sep 8 19:05:46 fengtairui-virtual-machine tracker-extract[7450]: Task for 'file:///usr/share/applications/libreoffice-draw.desktop.dpkg-new' finished with error: Error when getting information for file “/usr/share/applications/libreoffice-draw.desktop.dpkg-new”: 没有那个文件或目录
Sep 8 19:05:46 fengtairui-virtual-machine tracker-extract[7450]: Task for 'file:///usr/share/applications/libreoffice-draw.desktop.dpkg-tmp' finished with error: Error when getting information for file “/usr/share/applications/libreoffice-draw.desktop.dpkg-tmp”: 没有那个文件或目录
Sep 8 19:05:46 fengtairui-virtual-machine tracker-extract[7450]: Task for 'file:///usr/share/applications/libreoffice-math.desktop.dpkg-new' finished with error: Error when getting information for file “/usr/share/applications/libreoffice-math.desktop.dpkg-new”: 没有那个文件或目录
Sep 8 19:05:46 fengtairui-virtual-machine tracker-extract[7450]: Task for 'file:///usr/share/applications/libreoffice-math.desktop.dpkg-tmp' finished with error: Error when getting information for file “/usr/share/applications/libreoffice-math.desktop.dpkg-tmp”: 没有那个文件或目录
Sep 8 19:06:02 fengtairui-virtual-machine tracker-extract[8806]: Task for 'file:///usr/share/applications/io.snapcraft.SessionAgent.desktop.dpkg-new' finished with error: Error when getting information for file “/usr/share/applications/io.snapcraft.SessionAgent.desktop.dpkg-new”: 没有那个文件或目录
Sep 8 19:06:02 fengtairui-virtual-machine tracker-extract[8806]: Task for 'file:///usr/share/applications/io.snapcraft.SessionAgent.desktop.dpkg-tmp' finished with error: Error when getting information for file “/usr/share/applications/io.snapcraft.SessionAgent.desktop.dpkg-tmp”: 没有那个文件或目录
Sep 8 19:06:02 fengtairui-virtual-machine tracker-extract[8806]: Task for 'file:///usr/share/applications/snap-handle-link.desktop.dpkg-new' finished with error: Error when getting information for file “/usr/share/applications/snap-handle-link.desktop.dpkg-new”: 没有那个文件或目录
Sep 8 19:06:02 fengtairui-virtual-machine tracker-extract[8806]: Task for 'file:///usr/share/applications/snap-handle-link.desktop.dpkg-tmp' finished with error: Error when getting information for file “/usr/share/applications/snap-handle-link.desktop.dpkg-tmp”: 没有那个文件或目录
Sep 8 19:06:03 fengtairui-virtual-machine tracker-extract[8806]: Task for 'file:///usr/share/applications/xdg-desktop-portal-gnome.desktop.dpkg-new' finished with error: Error when getting information for file “/usr/share/applications/xdg-desktop-portal-gnome.desktop.dpkg-new”: 没有那个文件或目录
Sep 8 19:06:03 fengtairui-virtual-machine tracker-extract[8806]: Task for 'file:///usr/share/applications/xdg-desktop-portal-gnome.desktop.dpkg-tmp' finished with error: Error when getting information for file “/usr/share/applications/xdg-desktop-portal-gnome.desktop.dpkg-tmp”: 没有那个文件或目录
Sep 8 19:08:13 fengtairui-virtual-machine systemd[1]: Condition check resulted in Process error reports when automatic reporting is enabled (file watch) being skipped.
Sep 8 19:08:13 fengtairui-virtual-machine systemd[1]: Condition check resulted in Process error reports when automatic reporting is enabled (timer based) being skipped.
Sep 8 19:39:53 fengtairui-virtual-machine systemd[1]: Condition check resulted in Process error reports when automatic reporting is enabled (file watch) being skipped.
Sep 8 19:39:53 fengtairui-virtual-machine systemd[1]: Condition check resulted in Process error reports when automatic reporting is enabled (timer based) being skipped.
Sep 8 19:39:53 fengtairui-virtual-machine kernel: [ 1.485497] unchecked MSR access error: RDMSR from 0x852 at rIP: 0xffffffffb02c3827 (native_read_msr+0x7/0x50)
Sep 8 19:39:54 fengtairui-virtual-machine alsactl[1130]: alsa-lib main.c:1412:(snd_use_case_mgr_open) error: failed to import hw:0 use case configuration -2
Sep 8 20:12:46 fengtairui-virtual-machine tracker-extract[6786]: Task for 'file:///home/fengtairui/%E6%A1%8C%E9%9D%A2/GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp/CMakeFiles/cmTC_ee5d5.dir/build.make' finished with error: Error when getting information for file “/home/fengtairui/桌面/GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp/CMakeFiles/cmTC_ee5d5.dir/build.make”: 没有那个文件或目录
Sep 8 20:12:46 fengtairui-virtual-machine tracker-extract[6786]: Task for 'file:///home/fengtairui/%E6%A1%8C%E9%9D%A2/GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp/CMakeFiles/cmake.check_cache' finished with error: Error when getting information for file “/home/fengtairui/桌面/GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp/CMakeFiles/cmake.check_cache”: 没有那个文件或目录
Sep 8 20:12:46 fengtairui-virtual-machine tracker-extract[6786]: Task for 'file:///home/fengtairui/%E6%A1%8C%E9%9D%A2/GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp/CMakeCache.txt' finished with error: Error when getting information for file “/home/fengtairui/桌面/GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp/CMakeCache.txt”: 没有那个文件或目录
Sep 8 20:12:46 fengtairui-virtual-machine tracker-extract[6786]: Task for 'file:///home/fengtairui/%E6%A1%8C%E9%9D%A2/GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp/CMakeFiles/cmTC_ee5d5.dir/compiler_depend.make' finished with error: Error when getting information for file “/home/fengtairui/桌面/GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp/CMakeFiles/cmTC_ee5d5.dir/compiler_depend.make”: 没有那个文件或目录
Sep 8 20:12:46 fengtairui-virtual-machine tracker-extract[6786]: Task for 'file:///home/fengtairui/%E6%A1%8C%E9%9D%A2/GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp/CMakeFiles/cmTC_ee5d5.dir/depend.make' finished with error: Error when getting information for file “/home/fengtairui/桌面/GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp/CMakeFiles/cmTC_ee5d5.dir/depend.make”: 没有那个文件或目录
Sep 8 20:12:46 fengtairui-virtual-machine tracker-extract[6786]: Task for 'file:///home/fengtairui/%E6%A1%8C%E9%9D%A2/GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp/CMakeFiles/cmTC_ee5d5.dir/flags.make' finished with error: Error when getting information for file “/home/fengtairui/桌面/GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp/CMakeFiles/cmTC_ee5d5.dir/flags.make”: 没有那个文件或目录
Sep 8 23:22:44 fengtairui-virtual-machine systemd[1]: Condition check resulted in Process error reports when automatic reporting is enabled (file watch) being skipped.
Sep 8 23:22:44 fengtairui-virtual-machine systemd[1]: Condition check resulted in Process error reports when automatic reporting is enabled (timer based) being skipped.
Sep 8 23:22:44 fengtairui-virtual-machine kernel: [ 1.162557] unchecked MSR access error: RDMSR from 0x852 at rIP: 0xffffffff980c3827 (native_read_msr+0x7/0x50)
Sep 8 23:22:45 fengtairui-virtual-machine alsactl[1077]: alsa-lib main.c:1412:(snd_use_case_mgr_open) error: failed to import hw:0 use case configuration -2
Sep 10 10:24:06 fengtairui-virtual-machine systemd[1]: Condition check resulted in Process error reports when automatic reporting is enabled (file watch) being skipped.
Sep 10 10:24:06 fengtairui-virtual-machine systemd[1]: Condition check resulted in Process error reports when automatic reporting is enabled (timer based) being skipped.
Sep 10 10:24:06 fengtairui-virtual-machine kernel: [ 1.049734] unchecked MSR access error: RDMSR from 0x852 at rIP: 0xffffffffb4ac3827 (native_read_msr+0x7/0x50)
Sep 10 10:24:06 fengtairui-virtual-machine alsactl[1089]: alsa-lib main.c:1412:(snd_use_case_mgr_open) error: failed to import hw:0 use case configuration -2
Sep 10 10:26:02 fengtairui-virtual-machine whoopsie[4298]: [10:26:02] Sent; server replied with: No error
Sep 10 10:26:10 fengtairui-virtual-machine whoopsie[4298]: [10:26:10] Sent; server replied with: No error
Sep 10 19:15:20 fengtairui-virtual-machine systemd[1]: Condition check resulted in Process error reports when automatic reporting is enabled (file watch) being skipped.
Sep 10 19:15:20 fengtairui-virtual-machine systemd[1]: Condition check resulted in Process error reports when automatic reporting is enabled (timer based) being skipped.
Sep 10 19:15:20 fengtairui-virtual-machine kernel: [ 1.112899] unchecked MSR access error: RDMSR from 0x852 at rIP: 0xffffffffacec3827 (native_read_msr+0x7/0x50)
Sep 10 19:15:25 fengtairui-virtual-machine alsactl[1130]: alsa-lib main.c:1412:(snd_use_case_mgr_open) error: failed to import hw:0 use case configuration -2
我的总结
这些命令是 Linux 和 Unix 系统中常用的命令行工具，用于文件和系统管理
- ls - 用于列出目录内容，可以显示文件和目录的详细信息，如权限、所有者、大小和修改时间。通过不同的选项，可以控制显示的内容和格式。
- who - 显示当前登录系统的用户信息，包括用户名称、登录时间、登录地点等。可以获取关于系统使用情况的概览。
- pwd - 打印当前工作目录的完整路径，有助于用户了解自己在文件系统中的位置。
- cd - 改变当前工作目录到指定的路径。是导航文件系统的基本命令。
- man - 手册页查看器，提供关于命令、配置文件、函数等的详细文档。是学习命令用法的重要工具。
- whereis - 用于定位程序的二进制、源代码和手册页文件的位置。对于找到程序的不同组成部分非常有用。
- which - 显示命令的可执行文件路径，有助于确定执行的是哪个版本的命令，特别是在有多个版本或路径时。
- find - 强大的文件搜索工具，可以在文件系统中搜索符合条件的文件和目录。可以根据文件名、大小、修改时间等多种条件进行搜索。
- locate - 使用预先构建的数据库快速查找文件，比
find命令更快，但可能不包含最新的文件变更。 - grep - 文本搜索工具，可以在文件中搜索匹配特定模式的行。支持正则表达式，是文本处理和数据分析中常用的命令。
这些命令通常与管道（|）、重定向（>、>>）、xargs 等其他命令和工具结合使用，以实现更复杂的文件操作和数据处理任务。掌握这些基础命令对于高效使用命令行界面至关重要。
让AI工具推荐一些重要命令，然后选择自己认为会高频应用的至少3个命令（重点推荐echo，od，sort，bc，ls）进行自主深入学习，每个命令不少于5个例子，提交验证，实践过程和总结
询问AI的过程
我
请你推荐一些重要命令（重点推荐echo，od，sort，bc，ls）进行自主深入学习，每个命令不少于5个例子
AI
当然，以下是您提到的命令的一些实用例子，以及学习这些命令的建议。
1. **echo** - 用于在命令行上显示文本或变量内容。
- 打印简单的文本信息：
echo "Hello, World!"
- 打印变量的值：
echo $PATH
- 使用转义字符：
echo "This is a \nnew line."
- 打印多个变量：
echo "User: $USER, Date: $(date)"
- 创建简单的文本文件：
echo "This is a test" > test.txt
2. **od** - 用于查看文件的二进制内容。
- 以八进制格式显示文件的前10个字节：
od -t o1 test.txt
- 以十六进制格式显示整个文件：
od -t x1 test.txt
- 以字符形式显示文件内容：
od -t c1 test.txt
- 显示文件的特定部分：
od -c -N 10 test.txt
- 显示二进制文件的前16个字节：
od -t x1 -j 0 -N 16 test.bin
3. **sort** - 用于对文本文件的行进行排序。
- 按默认字典顺序排序：
sort file.txt
- 按数字顺序排序：
sort -n numbers.txt
- 逆序排序：
sort -r words.txt
- 排序并忽略前导空格：
sort -k 2 file.txt
- 排序并合并多个文件：
sort file1.txt file2.txt > merged.txt
4. **bc** - 用于进行高精度的数学运算。
- 执行简单的加法运算：
bc <<< "2 + 2"
- 执行浮点数除法：
bc <<< "scale=2; 5.0 / 3.0"
- 定义并使用变量：
bc <<< "a=5; b=3; a*b"
- 执行复杂的数学表达式：
bc <<< "(1+2*3)^2 / (5-3)"
- 计算自定义函数
bc <<< 'define add(x, y) { return x + y; } add(2, 3)'
5. **ls** - 用于列出目录内容。
- 列出当前目录下的所有文件和文件夹：
ls -la
- 递归列出所有子目录的内容：
ls -R
- 按修改时间排序文件：
ls -lt
- 按文件大小排序文件：
ls -lS
- 列出隐藏文件：
ls -a .*
**学习建议**：
- **实践操作**：在命令行环境中实际操作这些命令，尝试不同的选项和参数。
- **阅读手册**：使用 `man` 命令查看每个命令的手册页，了解其详细用法。
- **理解输出**：分析命令的输出结果，理解不同选项如何影响输出。
- **编写脚本**：尝试编写简单的 shell 脚本来组合使用这些命令。
- **解决实际问题**：尝试使用这些命令解决实际问题，如数据处理、文件管理等。
我的实践
echo
echo "Hello, World!" 打印简单的文本信息
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~$ echo "Hello, World!"
Hello, World!
echo $PATH 打印变量的值
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~$ echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin:/snap/bin
echo "This is a \nnew line." 使用转义字符
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~$ echo "This is a \nnew line."
This is a \nnew line.
echo "User: $USER, Date: $(date)" 打印多个变量
engtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~$ echo "User: $USER, Date: $(date)"
User: fengtairui, Date: 2024年 09月 10日 星期二 21:20:33 CST
echo "This is a test" > test.txt 创建简单的文本文件
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~$ echo "This is a test" > test.txt
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~$ ls test.txt
test.txt
od
od -t o1 test.txt 以八进制格式显示文件的前10个字节
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~$ od -t o1 test.txt
0000000 124 150 151 163 040 151 163 040 141 040 164 145 163 164 012
0000017
od -t x1 test.txt 以十六进制格式显示整个文件
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~$ od -t x1 test.txt
0000000 54 68 69 73 20 69 73 20 61 20 74 65 73 74 0a
0000017
od -t c1 test.txt 以字符形式显示文件内容
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~$ od -t c test.txt
0000000 T h i s i s a t e s t \n
0000017
od -c -N 10 test.txt 显示文件的特定部分
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~$ od -c -N 10 test.txt
0000000 T h i s i s a
0000012
od -t x1 -j 0 -N 16 test.bin 显示二进制文件的前16个字节
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~$ echo "This is a test" > test.bin
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~$ od -t x1 -j 0 -N 16 test.bin
0000000 54 68 69 73 20 69 73 20 61 20 74 65 73 74 0a
0000017
bc
bc <<< "2 + 2" 执行简单的加法运算
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~$ bc <<< "2 + 2"
4
bc <<< "scale=2; 5.0 / 3.0" 执行浮点数除法
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~$ bc <<< "scale=2; 5.0 / 3.0"
1.66
bc <<< "a=5; b=3; a*b" 定义并使用变量
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~$ bc <<< "a=5; b=3; a*b"
15
bc <<< "(1+2*3)^2 / (5-3)" 执行复杂的数学表达式
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~$ bc <<< "(1+2*3)^2 / (5-3)"
24
bc <<< 'define add(x, y) { return x + y; } add(2, 3)' 计算自定义函数
fengtairui@fengtairui-virtual-machine:~$ bc <<< 'define add(x, y) { return x + y; } add(2, 3)'
5
我的总结
这些命令是 Linux 和 Unix 系统中的基础工具，它们在文件操作、文本处理和系统管理中扮演着重要角色。
- echo：
echo命令用于在命令行上显示文本或变量的值，是输出信息到标准输出的基本工具。- 可以用于创建或修改文件内容，通过重定向操作符（
>或>>）。 - 支持转义字符，如
\n表示新行，\t表示制表符。
- od：
od（octal dump）命令用于以八进制、十六进制或字符形式显示文件的二进制内容。- 常用于查看非文本文件的内容，如二进制文件或设备文件。
- 支持多种输出格式，包括八进制、十六进制和字符显示。
- sort：
sort命令用于对文本文件中的行进行排序，支持多种排序选项，如数字排序、逆序排序等。- 可以对特定字段进行排序，通过
-t和-k选项指定字段分隔符和排序字段。 - 能够处理大量数据，通过排序合并多个文件。
- bc：
bc是一个任意精度的计算器语言，支持复杂的数学运算，包括变量、函数、循环和条件语句。- 可以设置输出的精度，通过
scale变量控制小数点后的位数。 - 适合执行高精度计算，如金融计算或科学计算。
- ls：
ls命令用于列出目录内容，包括文件和文件夹。- 支持多种选项，如
-a显示所有文件（包括隐藏文件），-l显示详细列表，-R递归显示子目录内容。 - 可以排序输出，如按修改时间（
-t）、文件大小（-S）等。
