Spring Security 实战干货:Spring Boot 中的 Spring Security 自动配置初探
文章目录
- 1. 前言
- 2. Spring Boot 下 Spring Security 的自动配置
- 2.1 SecurityAutoConfiguration
- 2.2 SpringBootWebSecurityConfiguration
- 2.3 WebSecurityEnablerConfiguration
- 3. @EnableWebSecurity 注解
- 3.1 WebSecurityConfiguration
- 3.2 SpringWebMvcImportSelector
- 3.3 OAuth2ImportSelector
- 3.4 @EnableGlobalAuthentication
- 4. SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration
- 5. 总结
1. 前言
我们在前几篇对 Spring Security 的用户信息管理机制,密码机制进行了探讨。我们发现 Spring Security Starter相关的 Servlet
自动配置都在spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.1.9.RELEASE
(当前 Spring Boot 版本为2.1.9.RELEASE
) 模块的路径org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet
之下。其实官方提供的Starter组件的自动配置你都能在spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.1.9.RELEASE
下找到。今天我们进一步来解密 Spring Security 在 Spring Boot 的配置和使用。
2. Spring Boot 下 Spring Security 的自动配置
我们可以通过 org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet
路径下找到 Spring Security 关于Servlet
的自动配置类。我们来大致了解一下。
2.1 SecurityAutoConfiguration
package org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnClass;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnMissingBean;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.SecurityDataConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.SecurityProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationEventPublisher;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationEventPublisher;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.DefaultAuthenticationEventPublisher;
/**
* {@link EnableAutoConfiguration Auto-configuration} for Spring Security.
*
* @author Dave Syer
* @author Andy Wilkinson
* @author Madhura Bhave
* @since 1.0.0
*/
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass(DefaultAuthenticationEventPublisher.class)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(SecurityProperties.class)
@Import({ SpringBootWebSecurityConfiguration.class, WebSecurityEnablerConfiguration.class,
SecurityDataConfiguration.class })
public class SecurityAutoConfiguration {
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(AuthenticationEventPublisher.class)
public DefaultAuthenticationEventPublisher authenticationEventPublisher(ApplicationEventPublisher publisher) {
return new DefaultAuthenticationEventPublisher(publisher);
}
}
SecurityAutoConfiguration
顾名思义安全配置类。该类引入(@import
)了 SpringBootWebSecurityConfiguration
、WebSecurityEnablerConfiguration
和 SecurityDataConfiguration
三个配置类。 让这三个模块的类生效。是一个复合配置,是 Spring Security 自动配置最重要的一个类之一。 Spring Boot 自动配置经常使用这种方式以达到灵活配置的目的,这也是我们研究 Spring Security 自动配置的一个重要入口 同时 SecurityAutoConfiguration
还将 DefaultAuthenticationEventPublisher
作为默认的 AuthenticationEventPublisher
注入 Spring IoC 容器。如果你熟悉 Spring 中的事件机制你就会知道该类是一个 Spring 事件发布器。该类内置了一个HashMap<String, Constructor<? extends AbstractAuthenticationEvent>>
维护了认证异常处理和对应异常事件处理逻辑的映射关系,比如账户过期异常 AccountExpiredException
对应认证过期事件AuthenticationFailureExpiredEvent
,也就是说发生不同认证的异常使用不同处理策略。
2.2 SpringBootWebSecurityConfiguration
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass(WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter.class)
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter.class)
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET)
public class SpringBootWebSecurityConfiguration {
@Configuration
@Order(SecurityProperties.BASIC_AUTH_ORDER)
static class DefaultConfigurerAdapter extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
}
}
这个类是Spring Security 对 Spring Boot Servlet Web 应用的默认配置。核心在于WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter
适配器。从 @ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter.class)
我们就能看出 WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter
是安全配置的核心。 默认情况下 DefaultConfigurerAdapter
将以SecurityProperties.BASIC_AUTH_ORDER
(-5
) 的顺序注入 Spring IoC 容器,这是个空实现。如果我们需要个性化可以通过继承 WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter
来实现。我们会在以后的博文重点介绍该类。
2.3 WebSecurityEnablerConfiguration
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnBean(WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter.class)
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = BeanIds.SPRING_SECURITY_FILTER_CHAIN)
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = ConditionalOnWebApplication.Type.SERVLET)
@EnableWebSecurity
public class WebSecurityEnablerConfiguration {
}
该配置类会在SpringBootWebSecurityConfiguration
注入 Spring IoC 容器后启用 @EnableWebSecurity
注解。也就是说 WebSecurityEnablerConfiguration
目的仅仅就是在某些条件下激活 @EnableWebSecurity
注解。那么这个注解都有什么呢?
3. @EnableWebSecurity 注解
@Retention(value = java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(value = { java.lang.annotation.ElementType.TYPE })
@Documented
@Import({ WebSecurityConfiguration.class,
SpringWebMvcImportSelector.class,
OAuth2ImportSelector.class })
@EnableGlobalAuthentication
@Configuration
public @interface EnableWebSecurity {
/**
* Controls debugging support for Spring Security. Default is false.
* @return if true, enables debug support with Spring Security
*/
boolean debug() default false;
}
@Enable*
这类注解都是带配置导入的注解。通过导入一些配置来启用一些特定功能。 @EnableWebSecurity
导入了 WebSecurityConfiguration
、SpringWebMvcImportSelector
、OAuth2ImportSelector
以及启用了 @EnableGlobalAuthentication
注解。
3.1 WebSecurityConfiguration
该配置类WebSecurityConfiguration
使用一个WebSecurity
对象基于用户指定的或者默认的安全配置,你可以通过继承 WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter
或者实现 WebSecurityConfigurer
来定制 WebSecurity
创建一个FilterChainProxy
Bean来对用户请求进行安全过滤。这个FilterChainProxy
的名称就是 WebSecurityEnablerConfiguration
上的 BeanIds.SPRING_SECURITY_FILTER_CHAIN
也就是 springSecurityFilterChain
,它是一个Filter,最终会被作为Servlet过滤器链中的一个Filter应用到Servlet容器中。安全处理的策略主要是过滤器的调用顺序。WebSecurityConfiguration
最终会通过 @EnableWebSecurity
应用到系统。
源码分析:
package org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanClassLoaderAware;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.DependsOn;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportAware;
import org.springframework.core.OrderComparator;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationAttributes;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationUtils;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
import org.springframework.core.type.AnnotationMetadata;
import org.springframework.security.access.expression.SecurityExpressionHandler;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.ObjectPostProcessor;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.SecurityConfigurer;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.WebSecurityConfigurer;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.WebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.context.DelegatingApplicationListener;
import org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy;
import org.springframework.security.web.FilterInvocation;
import org.springframework.security.web.access.WebInvocationPrivilegeEvaluator;
import org.springframework.security.web.context.AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer;
/**
* Spring Web Security 的配置类 :
* 1. 使用一个 WebSecurity 对象基于安全配置创建一个 FilterChainProxy 对象来对用户请求进行安全过滤。
* 2. 也会暴露诸如 安全SpEL表达式处理器 SecurityExpressionHandler 等一些类。
*
* @see EnableWebSecurity
* @see WebSecurity
*
* @author Rob Winch
* @author Keesun Baik
* @since 3.2
*/
@Configuration
public class WebSecurityConfiguration implements ImportAware, BeanClassLoaderAware {
private WebSecurity webSecurity;
// 是否启用了调试模式,来自注解 @EnableWebSecurity 的属性 debug,缺省值 false
private Boolean debugEnabled;
private List<SecurityConfigurer<Filter, WebSecurity>> webSecurityConfigurers;
private ClassLoader beanClassLoader;
@Autowired(required = false)
private ObjectPostProcessor<Object> objectObjectPostProcessor;
/**
*
* 代理监听器 应该时监听 DefaultAuthenticationEventPublisher 的一些处理策略
*/
@Bean
public static DelegatingApplicationListener delegatingApplicationListener() {
return new DelegatingApplicationListener();
}
/**
*
* 安全SpEL表达式处理器 SecurityExpressionHandler 缺省为一个 DefaultWebSecurityExpressionHandler
*/
@Bean
@DependsOn(AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer.DEFAULT_FILTER_NAME)
public SecurityExpressionHandler<FilterInvocation> webSecurityExpressionHandler() {
return webSecurity.getExpressionHandler();
}
/**
* Spring Security 核心过滤器 Spring Security Filter Chain , Bean ID 为 springSecurityFilterChain
* @return the {@link Filter} that represents the security filter chain
* @throws Exception
*/
@Bean(name = AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer.DEFAULT_FILTER_NAME)
public Filter springSecurityFilterChain() throws Exception {
boolean hasConfigurers = webSecurityConfigurers != null
&& !webSecurityConfigurers.isEmpty();
if (!hasConfigurers) {
WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter adapter = objectObjectPostProcessor
.postProcess(new WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter() {
});
webSecurity.apply(adapter);
}
return webSecurity.build();
}
/**
*
* 用于模板 如JSP Freemarker 的一些页面标签按钮控制支持
* Creates the {@link WebInvocationPrivilegeEvaluator} that is necessary for the JSP
* tag support.
* @return the {@link WebInvocationPrivilegeEvaluator}
* @throws Exception
*/
@Bean
@DependsOn(AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer.DEFAULT_FILTER_NAME)
public WebInvocationPrivilegeEvaluator privilegeEvaluator() throws Exception {
return webSecurity.getPrivilegeEvaluator();
}
/**
*
* 用于创建web configuration的SecurityConfigurer实例,
* 注意该参数通过@Value(...)方式注入,对应的bean autowiredWebSecurityConfigurersIgnoreParents
* 也在该类中定义
*
* @param objectPostProcessor the {@link ObjectPostProcessor} used to create a
* {@link WebSecurity} instance
* @param webSecurityConfigurers the
* {@code <SecurityConfigurer<FilterChainProxy, WebSecurityBuilder>} instances used to
* create the web configuration
* @throws Exception
*/
@Autowired(required = false)
public void setFilterChainProxySecurityConfigurer(
ObjectPostProcessor<Object> objectPostProcessor,
@Value("#{@autowiredWebSecurityConfigurersIgnoreParents.getWebSecurityConfigurers()}") List<SecurityConfigurer<Filter, WebSecurity>> webSecurityConfigurers)
throws Exception {
webSecurity = objectPostProcessor
.postProcess(new WebSecurity(objectPostProcessor));
if (debugEnabled != null) {
webSecurity.debug(debugEnabled);
}
Collections.sort(webSecurityConfigurers, AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE);
Integer previousOrder = null;
Object previousConfig = null;
for (SecurityConfigurer<Filter, WebSecurity> config : webSecurityConfigurers) {
Integer order = AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.lookupOrder(config);
if (previousOrder != null && previousOrder.equals(order)) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
"@Order on WebSecurityConfigurers must be unique. Order of "
order " was already used on " previousConfig ", so it cannot be used on "
config " too.");
}
previousOrder = order;
previousConfig = config;
}
for (SecurityConfigurer<Filter, WebSecurity> webSecurityConfigurer : webSecurityConfigurers) {
webSecurity.apply(webSecurityConfigurer);
}
this.webSecurityConfigurers = webSecurityConfigurers;
}
/**
* 从当前bean容器中获取所有的WebSecurityConfigurer bean。
* 这些WebSecurityConfigurer通常是由开发人员实现的配置类,并且继承自WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter
*
*/
@Bean
public static AutowiredWebSecurityConfigurersIgnoreParents autowiredWebSecurityConfigurersIgnoreParents(
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
return new AutowiredWebSecurityConfigurersIgnoreParents(beanFactory);
}
/**
* A custom verision of the Spring provided AnnotationAwareOrderComparator that uses
* {@link AnnotationUtils#findAnnotation(Class, Class)} to look on super class
* instances for the {@link Order} annotation.
*
* @author Rob Winch
* @since 3.2
*/
private static class AnnotationAwareOrderComparator extends OrderComparator {
private static final AnnotationAwareOrderComparator INSTANCE = new AnnotationAwareOrderComparator();
@Override
protected int getOrder(Object obj) {
return lookupOrder(obj);
}
private static int lookupOrder(Object obj) {
if (obj instanceof Ordered) {
return ((Ordered) obj).getOrder();
}
if (obj != null) {
Class<?> clazz = (obj instanceof Class ? (Class<?>) obj : obj.getClass());
Order order = AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(clazz, Order.class);
if (order != null) {
return order.value();
}
}
return Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE;
}
}
/*
* 要是为了获取注解 @EnableWebSecurity 的属性 debugEnabled
*
* @see org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportAware#setImportMetadata(org.
* springframework.core.type.AnnotationMetadata)
*/
public void setImportMetadata(AnnotationMetadata importMetadata) {
Map<String, Object> enableWebSecurityAttrMap = importMetadata
.getAnnotationAttributes(EnableWebSecurity.class.getName());
AnnotationAttributes enableWebSecurityAttrs = AnnotationAttributes
.fromMap(enableWebSecurityAttrMap);
debugEnabled = enableWebSecurityAttrs.getBoolean("debug");
if (webSecurity != null) {
webSecurity.debug(debugEnabled);
}
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
*
* @see
* org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanClassLoaderAware#setBeanClassLoader(java.
* lang.ClassLoader)
*/
public void setBeanClassLoader(ClassLoader classLoader) {
this.beanClassLoader = classLoader;
}
}
3.2 SpringWebMvcImportSelector
该类是为了对 Spring Mvc 进行支持的。一旦发现应用使用 Spring Mvc 的核心前置控制器 DispatcherServlet
就会引入 WebMvcSecurityConfiguration
。主要是为了适配 Spring Mvc 。
3.3 OAuth2ImportSelector
该类是为了对 OAuth2.0
开放授权协议进行支持。ClientRegistration
如果被引用,具体点也就是 spring-security-oauth2
模块被启用(引入依赖jar)时。会启用 OAuth2
客户端配置 OAuth2ClientConfiguration
。
3.4 @EnableGlobalAuthentication
这个类主要引入了 AuthenticationConfiguration
目的主要为了构造 认证管理器 AuthenticationManager
。AuthenticationManager
十分重要后面我们会进行专门的分析。
4. SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration
我们在 org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet
路径下还发现了一个配置类 SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration
。该类用于向Servlet容器注册一个名称为securityFilterChainRegistration
的bean, 实现类是DelegatingFilterProxyRegistrationBean
。该 bean 的目的是注册另外一个 Servlet Filter Bean
到 Servlet
容器,实现类为 DelegatingFilterProxy
。DelegatingFilterProxy
其实是一个代理过滤器,它被 Servlet
容器用于处理请求时,会将任务委托给指定给自己另外一个Filter bean。对于 SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration
,来讲,这个被代理的Filter bean的名字为 springSecurityFilterChain
, 也就是我们上面提到过的 Spring Security Web提供的用于请求安全处理的Filter bean,其实现类是 FilterChainProxy
。
相关的源码分析:
package org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet;
import java.util.EnumSet;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import javax.servlet.DispatcherType;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfigureAfter;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnBean;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnClass;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnWebApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnWebApplication.Type;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.SecurityProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.DelegatingFilterProxyRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfiguration;
import org.springframework.security.config.http.SessionCreationPolicy;
import org.springframework.security.web.context.AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer;
@Configuration
// 仅在 Servlet 环境下生效
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET)
// 确保安全属性配置信息被加载并以bean形式被注册到容器
@EnableConfigurationProperties(SecurityProperties.class)
// 仅在特定类存在于 classpath 上时才生效
@ConditionalOnClass({ AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer.class,
SessionCreationPolicy.class })
// 指定该配置类在 SecurityAutoConfiguration 配置类应用之后应用
@AutoConfigureAfter(SecurityAutoConfiguration.class)
public class SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration {
// 要注册到 Servlet 容器的 DelegatingFilterProxy Filter的
// 目标代理Filter bean的名称 :springSecurityFilterChain
private static final String DEFAULT_FILTER_NAME =
AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer.DEFAULT_FILTER_NAME;
// 定义一个 bean securityFilterChainRegistration,
// 该 bean 的目的是注册另外一个 bean 到 Servlet 容器 : 实现类为 DelegatingFilterProxy 的一个 Servlet Filter
// 该 DelegatingFilterProxy Filter 其实是一个代理过滤器,它被 Servlet 容器用于匹配特定URL模式的请求,
// 而它会将任务委托给指定给自己的名字为 springSecurityFilterChain 的 Filter, 也就是 Spring Security Web
// 提供的用于请求安全处理的一个 Filter bean,其实现类是 FilterChainProxy
// (可以将 1 个 FilterChainProxy 理解为 1 HttpFirewall n SecurityFilterChain)
@Bean
@ConditionalOnBean(name = DEFAULT_FILTER_NAME)
public DelegatingFilterProxyRegistrationBean securityFilterChainRegistration(
SecurityProperties securityProperties) {
DelegatingFilterProxyRegistrationBean registration = new DelegatingFilterProxyRegistrationBean(
DEFAULT_FILTER_NAME);
registration.setOrder(securityProperties.getFilter().getOrder());
registration.setDispatcherTypes(getDispatcherTypes(securityProperties));
return registration;
}
private EnumSet<DispatcherType> getDispatcherTypes(
SecurityProperties securityProperties) {
if (securityProperties.getFilter().getDispatcherTypes() == null) {
return null;
}
return securityProperties.getFilter().getDispatcherTypes().stream()
.map((type) -> DispatcherType.valueOf(type.name())).collect(Collectors
.collectingAndThen(Collectors.toSet(), EnumSet::copyOf));
}
}
5. 总结
本文主要对 Spring Security 在 Spring Boot 中的自动配置一些机制进行了粗略的讲解。为什么没有细讲。因为从学习出发有些东西不是我们必须要深入了解的,但是又要知道一点点相关的知识。我们先宏观上有个大致的了解就行。所以在阅读本文一定不要钻牛角尖。粗略知道配置策略、加载策略和一些关键类的作用即可。在你对 Spring Security 有了进一步学习之后,回头认真来看这些配置类会有更深层的思考。 从另一个方面该文也给你阅读 Spring 源码提供了一些思路,学会这些才是最重要的。
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