Redis源码研究--字典

计划每天花1小时学习Redis 源码。在博客上做个记录。

--------6月18日-----------

redis的字典dict主要涉及几个数据结构,

dictEntry:具体的k-v链表结点

dictht:哈希表

dict:字典

具体关系为

1 typedef struct dict {
2     dictType *type;
3     void *privdata;
4     dictht ht[2];
5     int rehashidx; /* rehashing not in progress if rehashidx == -1 */
6     int iterators; /* number of iterators currently running */
7 } dict;
1 typedef struct dictht {
2     dictEntry **table;
3     unsigned long size;
4     unsigned long sizemask;
5     unsigned long used;
6 } dictht;
1 typedef struct dictEntry {
2     void *key;
3     union {
4         void *val;
5         uint64_t u64;
6         int64_t s64;
7     } v;
8     struct dictEntry *next;
9 } dictEntry;

一个字典有两个哈希表, 冲突后采用了链地址法,很好理解。

一些简单操作采用了宏

#define dictGetKey(he) ((he)->key)
#define dictGetVal(he) ((he)->v.val)
#define dictGetSignedIntegerVal(he) ((he)->v.s64)
#define dictGetUnsignedIntegerVal(he) ((he)->v.u64)

 ------------6月19日----------------------

字典具体用到了两种哈希算法,我只看了简单的那一种,没想到代码竟然可以那么少,算法名字为djb2,

1 /* And a case insensitive hash function (based on djb hash) */
2 unsigned int dictGenCaseHashFunction(const unsigned char *buf, int len) {
3     unsigned int hash = (unsigned int)dict_hash_function_seed;
4 
5     while (len--)
6         hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + (tolower(*buf++)); /* hash * 33 + c */
7     return hash;
8 }
dict_hash_function_seed是个全局变量,为5381.
The magic of number 33 (why it works better than many other constants, prime or not) has never been adequately explained.
JDK中采用的哈希算法取得数字是31,一个素数。
创建一个新字典并初始化:
 1 dict *dictCreate(dictType *type, void *privDataPtr){
 2     dict *d = malloc(sizeof(*d));
 3     _dictInit(d,type,privDataPtr);
 4     return d;
 5 }
 6 
 7 int _dictInit(dict *d, dictType *type, void *privDataPtr){
 8     _dictReset(&d->ht[0]);
 9     _dictReset(&d->ht[1]);
10 
11     d->type = type;
12     d->privdata = privDataPtr;
13     d->rehashidx = -1;
14     d->iterators = 0;
15 
16     return DICT_OK;
17 }
18 
19 static void _dictReset(dictht *ht){
20     ht->table = NULL;
21     ht->size = 0;
22     ht->sizemask = 0;
23     ht->used = 0;
24 } 
学了这么多年c语言了,malloc(sizeof(*d))我还是第一次看到。
说到sizeof,我还要提一句,c99之后,sizeof是运行时确定的,c99还加入了动态数组这一概念。csdn上的回答是错的。
对字典进行紧缩处理,让 哈希表中的数/哈希表长度接近1:
 1 int dictResize(dict *d){
 2     int minimal;
 3 
 4     if (!dict_can_resize || dictIsRehashing(d)) return DICT_ERR;
 5 
 6     minimal = d->ht[0].used;
 7 
 8     if (minimal < DICT_HT_INITIAL_SIZE)
 9         minimal = DICT_HT_INITIAL_SIZE;
10 
11     return dictExpand(d, minimal);
12 }
13 
14 #define dictIsRehashing(ht) ((ht)->rehashidx != -1)
15 #define DICT_HT_INITIAL_SIZE     4
当字典正在Rehash的时候不能进行Resize操作,初始时哈希表大小为4,哈希表大小一般都是2的幂次方。
如果minimal是5,经过dictExpand后,哈希表大小变为8.
 1 static unsigned long _dictNextPower(unsigned long size){
 2     unsigned long i = DICT_HT_INITIAL_SIZE;
 3 
 4     if (size >= LONG_MAX) return LONG_MAX;
 5     while(1) {
 6         if (i >= size)
 7             return i;
 8         i *= 2;
 9     }
10 }
11 
12 int dictExpand(dict *d, unsigned long size){
13     dictht n; /* the new hash table */
14     
15     unsigned long realsize = _dictNextPower(size);
16 
17     /* the size is invalid if it is smaller than the number of
18      * elements already inside the hash table */
19     if (dictIsRehashing(d) || d->ht[0].used > size)
20         return DICT_ERR;
21 
22     /* Allocate the new hash table and initialize all pointers to NULL */
23     n.size = realsize;
24     n.sizemask = realsize-1;
25     n.table = zcalloc(realsize*sizeof(dictEntry*));
26     n.used = 0;
27 
28     /* Is this the first initialization? If so it's not really a rehashing
29      * we just set the first hash table so that it can accept keys. */
30     if (d->ht[0].table == NULL) {
31         d->ht[0] = n;
32         return DICT_OK;
33     }
34 
35     /* Prepare a second hash table for incremental rehashing */
36     d->ht[1] = n;
37     d->rehashidx = 0;
38 
39     return DICT_OK;
40 }
新建了一个哈希表n,size是扩展后的size,ht[0].table 为空说明这是第一次初始化,不是扩展,直接赋值。
ht[0].table 不为空,说明这是一次扩展,把n赋给ht[1],ReHash标志rehashix也被设为0.
上边这段不大好理解,先看后面的,一会返过来再研究dictExpand函数。
--------------------6月20日--------------------------

向字典中添加元素需要调用dictAdd函数:
1 /* Add an element to the target hash table */
2 int dictAdd(dict *d, void *key, void *val){
3     dictEntry *entry = dictAddRaw(d,key);
4 
5     if (!entry) return DICT_ERR;
6     dictSetVal(d, entry, val);
7     return DICT_OK;
8 }
具体实现需要看dictAddRaw函数:
 1 dictEntry *dictAddRaw(dict *d, void *key){
 2     int index;
 3     dictEntry *entry;
 4     dictht *ht;
 5 
 6     if (dictIsRehashing(d)) _dictRehashStep(d);
 7 
 8     /* Get the index of the new element, or -1 if
 9      * the element already exists. */
10     if ((index = _dictKeyIndex(d, key)) == -1)
11         return NULL;
12 
13     /* Allocate the memory and store the new entry */
14     ht = dictIsRehashing(d) ? &d->ht[1] : &d->ht[0];
15     entry = zmalloc(sizeof(*entry));
16     entry->next = ht->table[index];
17     ht->table[index] = entry;
18     ht->used++;
19 
20     /* Set the hash entry fields. */
21     dictSetKey(d, entry, key);
22     return entry;
23 }
先判断是不是在进行Rehash,如果在Rehash,执行渐进式Rehash。
找到要插入的key的位置,如果相同的key已经存在了,返回NULL
如果在进行Rehash,ht指向ht[1]表,然后利用链表头插法(这个我熟)将entry插入,更新used。
添加key前需要查找key的位置:
 1 /* Returns the index of a free slot that can be populated with
 2  * an hash entry for the given 'key'.
 3  * If the key already exists, -1 is returned.
 4  *
 5  * Note that if we are in the process of rehashing the hash table, the
 6  * index is always returned in the context of the second (new) hash table. */
 7 static int _dictKeyIndex(dict *d, const void *key){
 8     unsigned int h, idx, table;
 9     dictEntry *he;
10 
11     /* Expand the hash table if needed */
12     if (_dictExpandIfNeeded(d) == DICT_ERR)
13         return -1;
14     /* Compute the key hash value */
15     h = dictHashKey(d, key);
16     for (table = 0; table <= 1; table++) {
17         idx = h & d->ht[table].sizemask;
18         /* Search if this slot does not already contain the given key */
19         he = d->ht[table].table[idx];
20         while(he) {
21             if (dictCompareKeys(d, key, he->key))
22                 return -1;
23             he = he->next;
24         }
25         if (!dictIsRehashing(d)) break;
26     }
27     return idx;
28 }

 

插入之前,程序会检查一下哈希表空间是否够,需不需要expand。通过某种哈希算法计算key对应的哈希值h,sizemask二进制格式大体是这样的011111111,哈希值跟它一与,相当于只保留了后面几位。算出来的idx就是要插入的索引号。然后需要比较在这个索引上的链表中有没有跟要插入的key一样的,如果重复了,返回-1.

最后判断下当前如果没有在进行Rehash,ht[2]表就不用管了。

-----------------------6月21日---------------------

 1 /* Expand the hash table if needed */
 2 static int _dictExpandIfNeeded(dict *d){
 3     /* Incremental rehashing already in progress. Return. */
 4     if (dictIsRehashing(d)) return DICT_OK;
 5 
 6     /* If the hash table is empty expand it to the initial size. */
 7     if (d->ht[0].size == 0) return dictExpand(d, DICT_HT_INITIAL_SIZE);
 8 
 9     /* If we reached the 1:1 ratio, and we are allowed to resize the hash
10      * table (global setting) or we should avoid it but the ratio between
11      * elements/buckets is over the "safe" threshold, we resize doubling
12      * the number of buckets. */
13     if (d->ht[0].used >= d->ht[0].size &&
14         (dict_can_resize ||
15          d->ht[0].used/d->ht[0].size > dict_force_resize_ratio))
16     {
17         return dictExpand(d, d->ht[0].used*2);
18     }
19     return DICT_OK;
20 }

 

函数名前面带下划线的都表示这是private的。程序第4行又是先判断是否正在进行Rehash,

为什么要说又呢

 如果哈希表是空的,那么我们扩展到DICT_HT_INITIAL_SIZE(4)个。

第13行有点不理解,used什么时候会大于size啊????标记一下,以后再看。

dict_can_resize是个全局变量。dict_force_resize_ratio = 5.

/* Using dictEnableResize() / dictDisableResize() we make possible to
* enable/disable resizing of the hash table as needed. This is very important
* for Redis, as we use copy-on-write and don't want to move too much memory
* around when there is a child performing saving operations.
*
* Note that even when dict_can_resize is set to 0, not all resizes are
* prevented: an hash table is still allowed to grow if the ratio between
* the number of elements and the buckets > dict_force_resize_ratio. */

 

1 void dictEnableResize(void) {
2     dict_can_resize = 1;
3 }
4 
5 void dictDisableResize(void) {
6     dict_can_resize = 0;
7 }

字典的 rehash 操作实际上就是执行以下任务:

  1. 创建一个比 ht[0]->table 更大的 ht[1]->table ;
  2. 将 ht[0]->table 中的所有键值对迁移到 ht[1]->table ;
  3. 将原有 ht[0] 的数据清空,并将 ht[1] 替换为新的 ht[0] ;

经过以上步骤之后, 程序就在不改变原有键值对数据的基础上, 增大了哈希表的大小。 

 --------------6月22日---------------------------

先上Rehash的代码

 1 int dictRehash(dict *d, int n) {
 2     if (!dictIsRehashing(d)) return 0;
 3 
 4     while(n--) {
 5         dictEntry *de, *nextde;
 6 
 7         /* Check if we already rehashed the whole table... */
 8         if (d->ht[0].used == 0) {
 9             zfree(d->ht[0].table);
10             d->ht[0] = d->ht[1];
11             _dictReset(&d->ht[1]);
12             d->rehashidx = -1;
13             return 0;
14         }
15 
16         /* Note that rehashidx can't overflow as we are sure there are more
17          * elements because ht[0].used != 0 */
18         assert(d->ht[0].size > (unsigned)d->rehashidx);
19         while(d->ht[0].table[d->rehashidx] == NULL) d->rehashidx++;
20         de = d->ht[0].table[d->rehashidx];
21         /* Move all the keys in this bucket from the old to the new hash HT */
22         while(de) {
23             unsigned int h;
24 
25             nextde = de->next;
26             /* Get the index in the new hash table */
27             h = dictHashKey(d, de->key) & d->ht[1].sizemask;
28             de->next = d->ht[1].table[h];
29             d->ht[1].table[h] = de;
30             d->ht[0].used--;
31             d->ht[1].used++;
32             de = nextde;
33         }
34         d->ht[0].table[d->rehashidx] = NULL;
35         d->rehashidx++;
36     }
37     return 1;
38 }

 

n步Rehash,在ht[0]中找到第一个不为空的table[rehashidx],将这个位置的链表(可能只有一个元素)全部移到ht[1]中,并更新ht[0].used、ht[1].used。

执行过程中,ht[0]中的元素如果都已经转到了ht[1]中,即ht[0].used == 0,停止执行,释放ht[0].table指向的空间,ht[1]变为ht[0],将rehashidx置为-1。

字典还剩一小部分,大体意思我弄懂了,加上之前看的动态字符串sds、双向链表adlist,加上空格注释统计了下共2248行。

1  341 adlist.c
2   93 adlist.h
3  810 dict.c
4  173 dict.h
5  732 sds.c
6   99 sds.h
7 2248 total

 主要参考了《Redis 设计与实现》 。谢谢90后作者了。 

posted on 2013-06-18 21:45  feiyunruyue  阅读(466)  评论(2编辑  收藏  举报

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