【TypeScript】几种高级类型

1.高级类型都有哪些

  • 交叉类型
  • 联合类型
  • 类型保护
  • 可为null的类型
  • 字符串字面量类型

2.交叉类型

function extend(<T, U>(first: T, second: U)): T&U {
    let result = {} as T&U
    
    for (let id in first) {
        result[id] = first[id] as any // 注意这里要断言成any
    }
    
    for (let id in second) {
        if (!result.hasOwnProperty(id)) {
            result[id] = second[id] as any
        }
    }
    
    return result
}

class Person {
    constructor(public name: string) {
        
    }
}

interface Loggable {
    log(): void
}

class ConsoleLogger implements Loggable {
    log() {
        ...
    }
}

var jim = extend(new Person('jim'), new ConsoleLogger()) // 返回的是一个交叉类型
jim.name // right
jim.log() // right

思考:那么如果Person中有private属性or方法,返回的交叉对象是否能访问到private?

3.联合类型

interface Bird {
    fly()
    layEggs()
}

interface Fish {
    swim()
    layEggs()
}

function getSmallPet(): Fish | Bird {
    return Math.random() > 0.5 ? new Fish() : new Bird()
}

let pet = getSmallPet()
pet.layEggs() // right
pet.swim() // error 

联合类型与交叉类型的区别是,交叉类型返回的是多个对象的和,而联合类型返回的是不确定的,因此在使用的时候要小心使用非公有的属性方法

解决办法: 使用类型保护

4.类型保护

interface Bird {
    fly()
    layEggs()
}

interface Fish {
    swim()
    layEggs()
}

function getSmallPet(): Fish | Bird {
    return Math.random() > 0.5 ? new Fish() : new Bird()
}

let pet = getSmallPet()

// 初级
if ((pet as Fish).swim {
    (pet as Fish).swim()
} else if ((pet as Bird).fly){
    (pet as Bird).fly()
}

// 继续改造
function isFish(pet: Fish | Bird): pet is Fish {
    return (pet as Fish).swim !== 'undefined'
}

if (isFish(pet)) {
    pet.swim()
} else {
    pet.fly()
}

5.可以为null的类型

command: tsc index.ts --strictNullChecks

// 对null进行断言保护
function broken(name: string | null): string {
    function postfix(epitht: string) {
        // 此处对name加上! 进行断言保护,明确不为null
        return name!.charAt(0) + '.the' + epitht
    }
    
    name = name || 'Bob'
    
    return postfix(name)
}

broken(null)

6.字符串字面量类型

type Easing = 'ease-in' | 'ease-out' | 'ease-in-out'

class UIElement {
    animate(dx: number, dy: number, easing: Easing) {
        if (easing === 'ease-in') {
            // ...
        } else if (easing === 'ease-out'){
            // ...
        } else if (easing === 'ease-in-out') {
            // ...
        } else {
            // ...
        }
    }
}

let button = new UIElement()
button.animate(0, 0, 'ease-in')
posted @ 2019-08-11 20:35  林璡  阅读(2185)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报