(转)对存储过程进行加密和解密(SQL 2008/SQL 2012)

原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/wghao/archive/2012/12/30/2837642.html

 

开始:


 在网络上,看到有SQL Server 2000和SQL Server 2005 的存储过程加密和解密的方法,后来分析了其中的代码,发现它们的原理都是一样的。后来自己根据实际的应用环境,编写了两个存储过程,一个加密存储过程(sp_EncryptObject),和一个解密存储过程(sp_EncryptObject),它们可以应用于SQL Server中的储过程,函数,视图,以及触发器。

感觉这两个存储过程蛮有意思的,拿来与大家分享;如果你看过类似的,就当作重温一下也好。

 

用于加密的存储过程 (sp_EncryptObject) :


 存储过程(sp_EncryptObject)加密的方法是在存储过程,函数,视图的“As”位置前加上“with encryption”;如果是触发器,就在“for”位置前加“with encryption”。

如果触发器是{ AFTER | INSTEAD OF} 需要修改下面代码"For"位置:

if objectproperty(object_id(@Object),'ExecIsAfterTrigger')=0 set @Replace='As' ; else set @Replace='For ';

存储过程完成代码:

复制代码
Use master
Go
if object_ID('[sp_EncryptObject]') is not null
    Drop Procedure [sp_EncryptObject]
Go
create procedure sp_EncryptObject 
(
    @Object sysname='All'
)
as
/*
    当@Object=All的时候,对所有的函数,存储过程,视图和触发器进行加密
    调用方法:
    1. Execute sp_EncryptObject 'All'
    2. Execute sp_EncryptObject 'ObjectName'
*/
begin
    set nocount on
    
    if @Object <>'All'
    begin
        if not exists(select 1 from sys.objects a where a.object_id=object_id(@Object) And a.type in('P','V','TR','FN','IF','TF'))
        begin
            --SQL Server 2008
            raiserror 50001 N'无效的加密对象!加密对象必须是函数,存储过程,视图或触发器。'

            --SQL Server 2012
            --throw 50001, N'无效的加密对象!加密对象必须是函数,存储过程,视图或触发器。',1  

            return
        end
        
        if exists(select 1 from sys.sql_modules a where a.object_id=object_id(@Object) and a.definition is null)
        begin
            --SQL Server 2008
            raiserror 50001 N'对象已经加密!'

            --SQL Server 2012
            --throw 50001, N'对象已经加密!',1  
            return
        end
    end
    
    declare @sql nvarchar(max),@C1 nchar(1),@C2 nchar(1),@type nvarchar(50),@Replace nvarchar(50)
    set @C1=nchar(13)
    set @C2=nchar(10)
    
    
    declare cur_Object 
        cursor for 
            select object_name(a.object_id) As ObjectName,a.definition 
                from sys.sql_modules a  
                    inner join sys.objects b on b.object_id=a.object_id
                        and b.is_ms_shipped=0
                        and not exists(select 1 
                                            from sys.extended_properties x
                                            where x.major_id=b.object_id
                                                and x.minor_id=0
                                                and x.class=1
                                                and x.name='microsoft_database_tools_support'
                                        )
                where b.type in('P','V','TR','FN','IF','TF')
                    and (b.name=@Object or @Object='All')
                    and b.name <>'sp_EncryptObject'
                    and a.definition is not null                    
                order by Case 
                            when b.type ='V' then 1 
                            when b.type ='TR' then 2
                            when b.type in('FN','IF','TF') then 3 
                            else 4 end,b.create_date,b.object_id
                
    open cur_Object
    fetch next from cur_Object into @Object,@sql
    while @@fetch_status=0
    begin
        
        Begin Try
                     
            if objectproperty(object_id(@Object),'ExecIsAfterTrigger')=0 set @Replace='As' ; else set @Replace='For ';
                
            if (patindex('%'+@C1+@C2+@Replace+@C1+@C2+'%',@sql)>0)
            begin
                set @sql=Replace(@sql,@C1+@C2+@Replace+@C1+@C2,@C1+@C2+'With Encryption'+@C1+@C2+@Replace+@C1+@C2)
            end
            else if(patindex('%'+@C1+@Replace+@C1+'%',@sql)>0)
            begin 
                set @sql=Replace(@sql,@C1+@Replace+@C1,@C1+'With Encryption'+@C1+@Replace+@C1)
            end
            else if(patindex('%'+@C2+@Replace+@C2+'%',@sql)>0)
            begin 
                set @sql=Replace(@sql,@C2+@Replace+@C2,@C2+'With Encryption'+@C2+@Replace+@C2)
            end
            else if(patindex('%'+@C2+@Replace+@C1+'%',@sql)>0)
            begin 
                set @sql=Replace(@sql,@C2+@Replace+@C1,@C1+'With Encryption'+@C2+@Replace+@C1)
            end
            else if(patindex('%'+@C1+@C2+@Replace+'%',@sql)>0)
            begin 
                set @sql=Replace(@sql,@C1+@C2+@Replace,@C1+@C2+'With Encryption'+@C1+@C2+@Replace)
            end
            else if(patindex('%'+@C1+@Replace+'%',@sql)>0)
            begin 
                set @sql=Replace(@sql,@C1+@Replace,@C1+'With Encryption'+@C1+@Replace)
            end
            else if(patindex('%'+@C2+@Replace+'%',@sql)>0)
            begin 
                set @sql=Replace(@sql,@C2+@Replace,@C2+'With Encryption'+@C2+@Replace)
            end
                    
            set @type =
                case 
                    when object_id(@Object,'P')>0 then 'Proc'
                    when object_id(@Object,'V')>0 then 'View'
                    when object_id(@Object,'TR')>0  then 'Trigger'
                    when object_id(@Object,'FN')>0 or object_id(@Object,'IF')>0 or object_id(@Object,'TF')>0 then 'Function'
                end
            set @sql=Replace(@sql,'Create '+@type,'Alter '+@type)
            
            Begin Transaction
            exec(@sql)            
            print N'已完成加密对象('+@type+'):'+@Object            
            Commit Transaction
            
        End Try
        Begin Catch
            Declare @Error nvarchar(2047)
            Set @Error='Object: '+@Object+@C1+@C2+'Error: '+Error_message()


            Rollback Transaction          
            print @Error
            print @sql   
        End Catch
                    
        fetch next from cur_Object into @Object,@sql
        
    end
    
    close cur_Object
    deallocate cur_Object        
end
 
Go
exec sp_ms_marksystemobject 'sp_EncryptObject' --标识为系统对象
go
复制代码

如果SQL Server 2012,请修改下面两个位置的代码。在SQL Server 2012,建议在使用throw来代替raiserror。

 

 

 

解密方法:


 解密过程,最重要采用异或方法:

[字符1]经过函数 fn_x(x)加密变成[加密后字符1],如果我们已知[加密后字符1],反过来查[字符1],可以这样:

[字符1]  =  [字符2]  ^  fn_x([字符2])  ^  [加密后字符1]

 

这里我列举一个简单的例子:

复制代码
--创建加密函数(fn_x)
if object_id('fn_x') is not null drop function fn_x
go
create function fn_x
(
    @x nchar(1)
)returns nchar(1)
as
begin
return(nchar((65535-unicode(@x))))
end
go
declare @nchar_1_encrypt nchar(1),@nchar_2 nchar(1)


--对字符'A'进行加密,存入变量@nchar_1_encrypt
set @nchar_1_encrypt=dbo.fn_x(N'A') 


--參考的字符@nchar_2
set @nchar_2='x' 

--算出@nchar_1_encrypt 加密前的字符
select nchar(unicode(@nchar_2)^unicode(dbo.fn_x(@nchar_2))^unicode(@nchar_1_encrypt)) as [@nchar_1]

/*
@nchar_1
--------------------
A
*/
复制代码

 

[注]:  从SQL Server 2000至 SQL Server 2012 采用异或方法都可以解密

 

用于解密的存储过程(sp_DecryptObject):


 

复制代码
Use master
Go
if object_ID('[sp_DecryptObject]') is not null
    Drop Procedure [sp_DecryptObject]
Go
create procedure sp_DecryptObject 
(
    @Object sysname,    --要解密的对象名:函数,存储过程,视图或触发器
    @MaxLength int=4000 --评估内容的长度
)
as
set nocount on
/* 1. 解密 */
 
if not exists(select 1 from sys.objects a where a.object_id=object_id(@Object) And a.type in('P','V','TR','FN','IF','TF'))
begin
    --SQL Server 2008
    raiserror 50001 N'无效的对象!要解密的对象必须是函数,存储过程,视图或触发器。' 

    --SQL Server 2012
    --throw 50001, N'无效的对象!要解密的对象必须是函数,存储过程,视图或触发器。',1   
    return
end
 
if exists(select 1 from sys.sql_modules a where a.object_id=object_id(@Object) and a.definition is not null)
begin
    --SQL Server 2008
    raiserror 50001 N'对象没有加密!' 

    --SQL Server 2012
    --throw 50001, N'无效的对象!要解密的对象必须是函数,存储过程,视图或触发器。',1 
    return
end
 
declare  @sql nvarchar(max)                --解密出来的SQL语句
        ,@imageval nvarchar(max)        --加密字符串
        ,@tmpStr nvarchar(max)            --临时SQL语句
        ,@tmpStr_imageval nvarchar(max) --临时SQL语句(加密后)
        ,@type char(2)                    --对象类型('P','V','TR','FN','IF','TF')
        ,@objectID int                    --对象ID
        ,@i int                            --While循环使用
        ,@Oject1 nvarchar(1000)
 
set @objectID=object_id(@Object)
set @type=(select a.type from sys.objects a where a.object_id=@objectID)
 
declare @Space4000 nchar(4000)
set @Space4000=replicate('-',4000)
 
/*
@tmpStr 会构造下面的SQL语句
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
alter trigger Tr_Name on Table_Name with encryption for update as return /**/
alter proc Proc_Name with encryption  as select 1 as col /**/
alter view View_Name with encryption as select 1 as col /**/
alter function Fn_Name() returns int with encryption as begin return(0) end/**/
*/
set @Oject1=quotename(object_schema_name(@objectID))+'.'+quotename(@Object)
set @tmpStr=
        case     
            when @type ='P ' then N'Alter Procedure '+@Oject1+' with encryption as select 1 as column1 '
            when @type ='V ' then N'Alter View '+@Oject1+' with encryption as select 1 as column1 '
            when @type ='FN' then N'Alter Function '+@Oject1+'() returns int with encryption as begin return(0) end '
            when @type ='IF' then N'Alter Function '+@Oject1+'() returns table with encryption as return(Select a.name from sys.types a) '
            when @type ='TF' then N'Alter Function '+@Oject1+'() returns @t table(name nvarchar(50)) with encryption as begin return end '
            else 'Alter Trigger '+@Oject1+'on '+quotename(object_schema_name(@objectID))+'.'+(select Top(1) quotename(object_name(parent_id)) from sys.triggers a where a.object_id=@objectID)+' with encryption for update as return ' 
        end        
 
    
set @tmpStr=@tmpStr+'/*'+@Space4000
set @i=0
while @i < (ceiling(@MaxLength*1.0/4000)-1)
begin
    set @tmpStr=@tmpStr+ @Space4000
    Set @i=@i+1
end
set @tmpStr=@tmpStr+'*/'
 
------------
set @imageval =(select top(1) a.imageval from sys.sysobjvalues a where a.objid=@objectID and a.valclass=1)
 
begin tran
exec(@tmpStr)
set @tmpStr_imageval =(select top(1) a.imageval from sys.sysobjvalues a where a.objid=@objectID and a.valclass=1)
 
rollback tran
 
-------------
set @tmpStr=stuff(@tmpStr,1,5,'create')
set @sql=''
set @i=1
while @i<= (datalength(@imageval)/2)
begin
    set @sql=@sql+isnull(nchar(unicode(substring(@tmpStr,@i,1)) ^ unicode(substring(@tmpStr_imageval,@i,1))^unicode(substring(@imageval,@i,1)) ),'')
    Set @i+=1
end
 
/* 2. 列印 */
 
 
declare @patindex int    
while @sql>''
begin
    
    set @patindex=patindex('%'+char(13)+char(10)+'%',@sql)
    if @patindex >0
    begin
        print substring(@sql,1,@patindex-1)
        set @sql=stuff(@sql,1,@patindex+1,'')
    end    
    else 
    begin
        set @patindex=patindex('%'+char(13)+'%',@sql)
        if @patindex >0
        begin
            print substring(@sql,1,@patindex-1)
            set @sql=stuff(@sql,1,@patindex,'')
        end
        else
        begin
            set @patindex=patindex('%'+char(10)+'%',@sql)
            if @patindex >0
            begin
                print substring(@sql,1,@patindex-1)
                set @sql=stuff(@sql,1,@patindex,'')
            end        
            else
            begin
                print @sql
                set @sql=''
            end    
        end        
    end
        
end
 
Go
exec sp_ms_marksystemobject 'sp_DecryptObject' --标识为系统对象
go
复制代码

 如果SQL Server 2012,请修改下面两个位置的代码。方法类似于前面的加密过程:

 

 

 

搭建测试环境:


在一个测试环境中(DB: Test),先执行上面的加密存储过程(sp_EncryptObject)和解密存储过程(sp_EncryptObject);再创建两个表:TableA & TableB

复制代码
use test
go
--创建表: TableA & TableB
if object_id('myTableA') is not null drop table myTableA
if object_id('myTableB') is not null drop table myTableB
go
create table myTableA (ID int identity,data nvarchar(50),constraint PK_myTableA primary key(ID))
create table myTableB (ID int ,data nvarchar(50),constraint PK_myTableB primary key(ID))
go
复制代码

接下来,我们要创建6个未加密的对象(对象类型包含 'P','V','TR','FN','IF','TF'):

 1.视图(myView):

View Code

2.触发器(MyTrigger):

复制代码
if object_id('MyTrigger') is not null drop Trigger MyTrigger
go
create trigger MyTrigger 
on TableA  
for update  
As
 insert into TableB(ID,data) select a.ID,a.Data From Inserted a
go
复制代码

3.存储过程(MyProc):

View Code

4.用户定义表值函数(TF)(MyFunction_TF):

View Code

5.内联表值函数(IF) (MyFunction_IF):

View Code

6.标量函数(FN)(MyFunction_FN):

View Code

 

 当执行完了上面的1-6步骤的脚本,我们通过查询系统视图sys.sql_modules,可以看到未加密前的定义信息:

select b.name as object,b.type,a.definition
    from sys.sql_modules a 
        inner join sys.objects b on b.object_id=a.object_id
        where b.create_date>=convert(date,getdate())
        order by b.object_id

 

加密测试:


 

下面我就通过调用加密存储过程(sp_EncryptObject),一次性对它们进行加密:

use test
go
exec sp_EncryptObject 'all'
go

当我们再查回系统视图sys.sql_modules,会发现definition列返回的是null值,说明定义内容已经给加密:

 

 解密测试:


 

解密过程,必须在DAC连接SQL Server,我们这里例子是从 SSMS(SQL Server Management Studio) 查询编辑器启动 DAC,如图:

 

解密存储过程(sp_DecryptObject),只能一次对一个存储过程、函数、视图或触发器,进行解密:

use test
go
exec sp_DecryptObject MyTrigger
go

 

当定义内容长度超过4000,我们可以指定@MaxLength的值,如:

exec sp_DecryptObject fn_My,20000
go

这里(fn_My)是一个函数,定义内容超过了8000:

... ...

 

小结:


 

虽然,上面的脚本,我已经在SQL Server 2008 R2 和SQL Server 2012测试过,但无法避免一些未知错误 。如果你自己在测试上面的脚本,请不要在生产环境上。如果你在应用过程,碰到有什么问题或有什么意见和建议可以发email联系我或跟帖,在此非常感谢!




SQL Server因系统资源不足,或其它异常导致无法建立数据库连接时, 可以使用系统预留的DAC连接到数据库,进行一些问题诊断和故障排除。DAC只能使用有限的资源。请勿使用DAC运行需要消耗大量资源的查询,否则可能发生严重的阻塞。可在联机帮助中搜索DAC。

建议使用命令行下的sqlcmd连接进去,因为占用的资源更少,连接方法:开始 --> 运行 --> cmd 输入SQLCMD -E -SMQLinstance1 -A&(说明,-A即为指定DAC,其它参数见《联机帮助》)。

使用SQL Server Management Studio建立DAC连接时,服务器一栏输入:admin:主机名\实例名。

浅析SQL Server数据库专用管理员连接DAC的使用

如果连接报错: “不支持管理员连接”,英文为:"Cannot connect to admin:SQLSERVER2008R2."

原因为:This is because you can't connect to the DAC in object explorer. You can however connect to it from a query window from management studio click <file> <New Database Engine Query>不能在“对象管理员”中使用DAC进行连接,可以在SQL Server Management Studio的菜单“文件 --> 新建 --> 数据库引擎查询”,再输入admin:主机名\实例名。

如果连接报错:A connection was successfully established with the server, but then an error occurred during the login process. (provider: TCP Provider, error: 0 - The specified network name is no longer available.) (Microsoft SQL Server, Error: 64) 已成功与服务器建立连接,但是在登录过程中发生错误。

原因为已经存在一个活动的DAC连接,不允许建立第二个DAC连接。 这条描述可以在ErrorLog中看到。

posted on 2013-09-22 18:12  黑子范  阅读(446)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

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