Linux SSH使用公钥私钥实现免登陆
公钥和私钥(我是文盲,钥字之前都是读yao,这是多音字这里应该念yue),是成对出现的,一旦任何一个做了更改都会验证失败。
1.免登陆的实现:
使用下例中ssky-keygen和ssh-copy-id,仅需通过3个步骤的简单设置而无需输入密码就能登录远程Linux主机。
ssh-keygen 创建公钥和密钥。
ssh-copy-id 把本地主机的公钥复制到远程主机的authorized_keys文件上。
ssh-copy-id 也会给远程主机的用户主目录(home)和~/.ssh, 和~/.ssh/authorized_keys设置合适的权限 。
步骤1: 用 ssh-key-gen 在本地主机上创建公钥和密钥
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/jsmith/.ssh/id_rsa):[Enter key]
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): [Press enter key]
Enter same passphrase again: [Pess enter key]
Your identification has been saved in /home/jsmith/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/jsmith/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is: 33:b3:fe:af:95:95:18:11:31:d5:de:96:2f:f2:35:f9
ligh@local-host
步骤2: 用 ssh-copy-id 把公钥复制到远程主机上
ligh@remote-host‘s password:
Now try logging into the machine, with ―ssh ?remote-host‘‖, and check in:
.ssh/authorized_keys to make sure we haven‘t added extra keys that you weren‘t expecting.
[注: ssh-copy-id 把密钥追加到远程主机的 .ssh/authorized_key 上.]
步骤3: 直接登录远程主机
Last login: Sun Nov 16 17:22:33 2008 from 192.168.1.2
[注: SSH 不会询问密码.]
ligh@remote-host$
[注: 你现在已经登录到了远程主机上]
2.登陆失效、公钥失效的情况
之前没有用ssh-copy-id复制公钥到远程机器上,而是用scp拷贝之后再手动加入到authorized_keys。
但是某一天这种做法忽然失效了。。。暂时也没找到原因。但是后来后来重新生成密钥,然后使用ssh-copy-id解决了问题。
注意重新生成密钥之后之前设置的免登陆slave端都要重新拷贝公钥。
3.Permissions 0644 for ‘/root/.ssh/id_rsa’ are too open处理
今天尝试把密钥放到debian系统的/root/.ssh/id_rsa中,然后在debian的终端界面输入
ssh xxxx@xxxx.dreamhost.com
这样就出现 Permissions 0644 for ‘/root/.ssh/id_rsa’ are too open. 等错误显示了,经google查询下,原来只要把权限降到0600就ok了
输入命令
chmod 0600 /root/.ssh/id_rsa,解决。