traefik安装

官网:https://doc.traefik.io/traefik/

1.Traefik 介绍

traefik 是一款反向代理、负载均衡服务,使用 golang 实现的。和 nginx 最大的不同是,它支持自动化更新反向代理和负载均衡配置。在微服务架构越来越流行的今天,一个业务恨不得有好几个数据库、后台服务和 webapp,开发团队拥有一款 “智能” 的反向代理服务,为他们简化服务配置。traefik 就是为了解决这个问题而诞生的。

Traefik 是一个开源的可以使服务发布变得轻松有趣的边缘路由器。它负责接收你系统的请求,然后使用合适的组件来对这些请求进行处理。

除了众多的功能之外,Traefik 的与众不同之处还在于它会自动发现适合你服务的配置。当 Traefik 在检查你的服务时,会找到服务的相关信息并找到合适的服务来满足对应的请求。

Traefik 兼容所有主流的集群技术,比如 Kubernetes,Docker,Docker Swarm,AWS,Mesos,Marathon,等等;并且可以同时处理多种方式。(甚至可以用于在裸机上运行的比较旧的软件。)

有了Traefik,就不需要维护和同步一个单独的配置文件:一切都会自动、实时地发生(没有重新启动,没有连接中断)。使用Traefik,您可以花时间在系统中开发和部署新特性,而不是配置和维护其工作状态。

 二、概念Edge Router

Traefik 是一个边缘路由器,是你整个平台的大门,拦截并路由每个传入的请求:它知道所有的逻辑和规则,这些规则确定哪些服务处理哪些请求;传统的反向代理需要一个配置文件,其中包含路由到你服务的所有可能路由,而 Traefik 会实时检测服务并自动更新路由规则,可以自动服务发现。

 Auto Service Discovery

传统的边缘路由器(或反向代理)需要一个包含到服务的每个可能路由的配置文件,Traefik从服务本身获取它们。

在部署您的服务时,您需要附加一些信息,告诉Traefik服务可以处理的请求的特征。

这意味着在部署服务时,Traefik会立即检测到它并实时更新路由规则。反之亦然:当您从基础设施中删除服务时,路由将相应地消失。

您不再需要创建和同步混杂着IP地址或其他规则的配置文件。

 在了解 Traefik 之前有几个核心概念我们必须要了解:

    Providers 用来自动发现平台上的服务,可以是编排工具、容器引擎或者 key-value 存储等,比如 Docker、Kubernetes、File
    Entrypoints 监听传入的流量(端口等…),是网络入口点,它们定义了接收请求的端口(HTTP 或者 TCP)。
    Routers 分析请求(host, path, headers, SSL, …),负责将传入请求连接到可以处理这些请求的服务上去。
    Services 将请求转发给你的应用(load balancing, …),负责配置如何获取最终将处理传入请求的实际服务。
    Middlewares 中间件,用来修改请求或者根据请求来做出一些判断(authentication, rate limiting, headers, …),中间件被附件到路由上,是一种在请求发送到你的服务之前(或者在服务的响应发送到客户端之前)调整请求的一种方法。

三、安装

由于 Traefik 2.X 版本和之前的 1.X 版本不兼容,而且1.X 已经停止更新了。我们这里选择功能更加强大的 2.X 版本来和大家进行讲解,我们这里使用的镜像是 traefik:2.3.2。

本文档使用KubernetesCRD 作为provider,所以需要创建CRD

3.1 创建 traefik-crd.yaml 文件

traefik-crd.yaml

# All resources definition must be declared
apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: CustomResourceDefinition
metadata:
  name: ingressroutes.traefik.containo.us

spec:
  group: traefik.containo.us
  version: v1alpha1
  names:
    kind: IngressRoute
    plural: ingressroutes
    singular: ingressroute
  scope: Namespaced

---
apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: CustomResourceDefinition
metadata:
  name: middlewares.traefik.containo.us

spec:
  group: traefik.containo.us
  version: v1alpha1
  names:
    kind: Middleware
    plural: middlewares
    singular: middleware
  scope: Namespaced

---
apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: CustomResourceDefinition
metadata:
  name: ingressroutetcps.traefik.containo.us

spec:
  group: traefik.containo.us
  version: v1alpha1
  names:
    kind: IngressRouteTCP
    plural: ingressroutetcps
    singular: ingressroutetcp
  scope: Namespaced

---
apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: CustomResourceDefinition
metadata:
  name: ingressrouteudps.traefik.containo.us

spec:
  group: traefik.containo.us
  version: v1alpha1
  names:
    kind: IngressRouteUDP
    plural: ingressrouteudps
    singular: ingressrouteudp
  scope: Namespaced

---
apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: CustomResourceDefinition
metadata:
  name: tlsoptions.traefik.containo.us

spec:
  group: traefik.containo.us
  version: v1alpha1
  names:
    kind: TLSOption
    plural: tlsoptions
    singular: tlsoption
  scope: Namespaced

---
apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: CustomResourceDefinition
metadata:
  name: tlsstores.traefik.containo.us

spec:
  group: traefik.containo.us
  version: v1alpha1
  names:
    kind: TLSStore
    plural: tlsstores
    singular: tlsstore
  scope: Namespaced

---
apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: CustomResourceDefinition
metadata:
  name: traefikservices.traefik.containo.us

spec:
  group: traefik.containo.us
  version: v1alpha1
  names:
    kind: TraefikService
    plural: traefikservices
    singular: traefikservice
  scope: Namespaced

3.2 创建rbac权限

traefik-rbac.yaml

kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: traefik-ingress-controller

rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - services
      - endpoints
      - secrets
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - extensions
      - networking.k8s.io
    resources:
      - ingresses
      - ingressclasses
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - extensions
    resources:
      - ingresses/status
    verbs:
      - update
  - apiGroups:
      - traefik.containo.us
    resources:
      - middlewares
      - ingressroutes
      - traefikservices
      - ingressroutetcps
      - ingressrouteudps
      - tlsoptions
      - tlsstores
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch

---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: traefik-ingress-controller

roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: traefik-ingress-controller
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: traefik-ingress-controller

3.3 创建traefik配置文件

在 Traefik 中的配置可以使用两种不同的方式:

    动态配置:完全动态的路由配置
    静态配置:启动配置

静态配置中的元素(这些元素不会经常更改)连接到 providers 并定义 Treafik 将要监听的 entrypoints。

在 Traefik 中有三种方式定义静态配置:在配置文件中、在命令行参数中、通过环境变量传递

动态配置包含定义系统如何处理请求的所有配置内容,这些配置是可以改变的,而且是无缝热更新的,没有任何请求中断或连接损耗。

我们这里将通用的基本配置放到静态配置里面,以configmap 形式实现

traefik-config-cm.yaml

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: traefik-config
data:
  traefik.yaml: |-
    serversTransport:
      insecureSkipVerify: true  ## Traefik 忽略验证代理服务的 TLS 证书
    api:
      insecure: true            ## 允许 HTTP 方式访问 API
      dashboard: true           ## 启用 Dashboard
      debug: false              ## 启用 Debug 调试模式
    metrics:
      prometheus: metrics       ## 配置 Prometheus 监控指标数据,并使用默认配置
    entryPoints:
      web:
        address: ":80"          ## 配置 80 端口,并设置入口名称为 web
      websecure:
        address: ":443"         ## 配置 443 端口,并设置入口名称为 websecure
      traefik:
        address: ":8090"        ## 配置 8090 端口,并设置入口名称为 dashboard
      metrics:
        address: ":8082"        ## 配置 8082 端口,作为metrics收集入口
      tcpep:
        address: ":8000"        ## 配置 8000 端口,作为tcp入口
      udpep:
        address: ":9000/udp"    ## 配置 9000 端口,作为udp入口
    providers:
      kubernetescrd:            ## 启用 Kubernetes CRD 方式来配置路由规则
        ingressclass: traefik-v2.3
      kubernetesingress:        ## 启动 Kubernetes Ingress 方式来配置路由规则
        ingressclass: traefik-v2.3
    log:
      filePath: "/etc/traefik/logs/traefik.log"              ## 设置调试日志文件存储路径,如果为空则输出到控制台
      level: error              ## 设置调试日志级别
      format: ""                ## 设置调试日志格式
    accessLog:
      filePath: "/etc/traefik/logs/access.log"              ## 设置访问日志文件存储路径,如果为空则输出到控制台
      format: ""                ## 设置访问调试日志格式
      bufferingSize: 0          ## 设置访问日志缓存行数
      filters:
        #statusCodes: ["200"]   ## 设置只保留指定状态码范围内的访问日志
        retryAttempts: true     ## 设置代理访问重试失败时,保留访问日志
        minDuration: 20         ## 设置保留请求时间超过指定持续时间的访问日志
      fields:                   ## 设置访问日志中的字段是否保留(keep 保留、drop 不保留)
        defaultMode: keep       ## 设置默认保留访问日志字段
        names:                  ## 针对访问日志特别字段特别配置保留模式
          ClientUsername: drop  
        headers:                ## 设置 Header 中字段是否保留
          defaultMode: keep     ## 设置默认保留 Header 中字段
          names:                ## 针对 Header 中特别字段特别配置保留模式
            User-Agent: redact
            Authorization: drop
            Content-Type: keep

3.4 部署traefik

traefik-deploy.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: traefik-ingress-controller

---
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  name: traefik-v2
  labels:
    app: traefik-v2

spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: traefik-v2
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: traefik-v2
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: traefik-ingress-controller
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 1
      containers:
        - name: traefik-v2
          image: harbor.foxchan.com/traefik/traefik:v2.3
          args:
            - --configfile=/config/traefik.yaml
          ports:
            - name: web
              containerPort: 80
            - name: admin
              containerPort: 8090
            - name: tcpep
              containerPort: 8000
            - name: udpep
              containerPort: 9000
          securityContext:
            capabilities:              ## 只开放网络权限    
              drop:
                - ALL
              add:
                - NET_BIND_SERVICE
          volumeMounts:
          - mountPath: "/config"
            name: "config"
          - mountPath: /etc/traefik/logs
            name: logdir
          - mountPath: /etc/localtime
            name: timezone
            readOnly: true
      volumes:
        - name: config
          configMap:
            name: traefik-config 
        - name: logdir
          hostPath:
            path: /data/traefik/logs
            type: "DirectoryOrCreate"
        - name: timezone
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/localtime
            type: File
      tolerations:            
        - operator: "Exists"        ## 设置容忍所有污点,防止节点被设置污点
      hostNetwork: true             ## 开启host网络,提高网络入口的网络性能
      nodeSelector:                 ## 设置node筛选器,在特定label的节点上启动
        IngressProxy: "traefik2.3"

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: traefik-v2
spec:
  type: LoadBalancer
  selector:
    app: traefik-v2
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80
      name: web
      targetPort: 80
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 8090
      name: admin
      targetPort: 8090
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 8000
      name: tcpep
      targetPort: 8000

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: traefikudp-v2
spec:
  type: LoadBalancer
  selector:
    app: traefik-v2
  ports:
    - protocol: UDP
      port: 9000
      name: udpep
      targetPort: 9000

 四、路由配置

4.1 配置 HTTP 路由规则

Traefik 已经部署完成,但是想让外部访问 Kubernetes 内部服务,还需要配置路由规则,这里用traefik dashboard 和 whoami 举例。
首先创建whoami 的 deployment
whoami.yaml

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  name: whoami
  namespace: default
  labels:
    app: traefiklabs
    name: whoami

spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: traefiklabs
      task: whoami
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: traefiklabs
        task: whoami
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: whoami
          image: traefik/whoami
          ports:
            - containerPort: 80

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: whoami
  namespace: default

spec:
  ports:
    - name: http
      port: 80
  selector:
    app: traefiklabs
    task: whoami

---
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  name: whoamitcp
  namespace: default
  labels:
    app: traefiklabs
    name: whoamitcp

spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: traefiklabs
      task: whoamitcp
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: traefiklabs
        task: whoamitcp
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: whoamitcp
          image: traefik/whoamitcp
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8080

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: whoamitcp
  namespace: default

spec:
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 8080
  selector:
    app: traefiklabs
    task: whoamitcp

---
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  name: whoamiudp
  namespace: default
  labels:
    app: traefiklabs
    name: whoamiudp

spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: traefiklabs
      task: whoamiudp
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: traefiklabs
        task: whoamiudp
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: whoamiudp
          image: traefik/whoamiudp:latest
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8080

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: whoamiudp
  namespace: default

spec:
  ports:
    - port: 8080
  selector:
    app: traefiklabs
    task: whoamiudp

dashboard.yaml

因为静态配置文件指定了ingressclass,所以这里的annotations 要指定,否则访问会404

apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
  name: traefik-dashboard
  namespace: default
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: traefik-v2.3     
spec:
  entryPoints:
    - web
  routes:
  - match: Host(`traefik.foxchan.com`) 
    kind: Rule
    services:
    - name: api@internal
      kind: TraefikService

whoami-ingressroute.yaml

apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
  name: myingressroute
  namespace: default
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: traefik-v2.3   
spec:
  entryPoints:
    - web

  routes:
  - match: Host(`whoami.foxchan.com`) && PathPrefix(`/`)
    kind: Rule
    services:
    - name: whoami
      port: 80

接下来配置 Hosts,客户端想通过域名访问服务,必须要进行 DNS 解析,这里可以通过 DNS 服务器进行域名解析,也可以修改 hosts 文件将 Traefik 指定节点的 IP 和自定义 host 绑定

4.2 配置 HTTPS 路由规则

如果我们需要用 HTTPS 来访问我们这个应用的话,就需要监听 websecure 这个入口点,也就是通过 443 端口来访问,同样用 HTTPS 访问应用必然就需要证书,这里我们用 openssl 来创建一个自签名的证书:

$ openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout tls.key -out tls.crt -subj "/CN=whoami.foxchan.com"

然后通过 Secret 对象来引用证书文件:

# 要注意证书文件名称必须是 tls.crt 和 tls.key
$ kubectl create secret tls who-tls --cert=tls.crt --key=tls.key
secret/who-tls created

这个时候我们就可以创建一个 HTTPS 访问应用的 IngressRoute 对象了:

apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
  name: ingressroutetls
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: traefik-v2.3   
spec:
  entryPoints:
    - websecure
  routes:
  - match: Host(`whoami.foxchan.com`) 
    kind: Rule
    services:
    - name: whoami
      port: 80
  tls:
    secretName: who-tls

4.3 配置 TCP 路由规则

whoami-tcp.yaml

apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRouteTCP
metadata:
  name: ingressroutetcpwho
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: traefik-v2.3 
spec:
  entryPoints:
    - tcpep
  routes:
  - match: HostSNI(`*`)
    services:
    - name: whoamitcp
      port: 8080

4.4 配置udp路由规则

whoami-udp.yaml

apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRouteUDP
metadata:
  name: ingressrouteudpwho
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: traefik-v2.3   
spec:
  entryPoints:                  
    - udpep
  routes:                      
  - services:                  
    - name: whoamiudp                 
      port: 8080                           

五、中间件

中间件是 Traefik2.0 中一个非常有特色的功能,我们可以根据自己的各种需求去选择不同的中间件来满足服务,Traefik 官方已经内置了许多不同功能的中间件,其中一些可以修改请求,头信息,一些负责重定向,一些添加身份验证等等,而且中间件还可以通过链式组合的方式来适用各种情况。

 

 

 白名单举例

上面的dashboard属于重要信息,我们可以设置只能白名单的ip可以访问

创建白名单中间件

middleware-ipwhitelist.yaml

apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: Middleware
metadata:
  name: gs-ipwhitelist
spec:
  ipWhiteList:
    sourceRange:
      - 127.0.0.1
      - 10.244.0.0/16
      - 10.96.0.0/12
      - 192.168.0.0/24

然后将这个中间件附加到 dashboard的服务上面去

apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
  name: traefik-dashboard
  namespace: default
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: traefik-v2.3
spec:
  entryPoints:
    - web
  routes:
  - match: Host(`traefik.foxchan.com`) 
    kind: Rule
    services:
    - name: api@internal
      kind: TraefikService
    middlewares:                                         #这里添加中间件的名字
      - name: gs-ipwhitelist

这个时候我们再去访问dashboard,不在白名单的就会报403,关于更多中间件的用法可以查看文档  Traefik Docs。

六、路由配置(高级)

在实际的生产环境,除了上线业务之外,还有更复杂的使用要求。
在开始traefik的高级用法之前,还需要了解一个TraefikService,通过把TraefikService注册到CRD来实现更复杂的请求设置。

TraefikService 目前能用于以下功能
    servers  load balancing.(负载均衡)
    services  Weighted Round Robin load balancing.(权重轮询)
    services  mirroring.(镜像)

 6.1 负载均衡

创建k8s service

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: svc1
  namespace: default

spec:
  ports:
    - name: http
      port: 80
  selector:
    app: v1
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: svc2
  namespace: default

spec:
  ports:
    - name: http
      port: 80
  selector:
    app: v2

创建IngressRoute

apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
  name: ingressroutelb
  namespace: default

spec:
  entryPoints:
    - web
  routes:
  - match: Host(`whoami.foxchan.com`)
    kind: Rule
    services:
    - name: svc1
      namespace: default
    - name: svc2
      namespace: default

6.2 权重轮询

创建TraefikService

apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: TraefikService
metadata:
  name: wrr
  namespace: default

spec:
  weighted:
    services:
      - name: svc1    
        port: 80
        weight: 3          # 定义权重
        kind: Service      # 可选,默认就是 Service 
      - name: svc2
        port: 80     
        weight: 1

创建IngressRoute

需要注意的是现在我们配置的 Service 不再是直接的 Kubernetes 对象了,而是上面我们定义的 TraefikService 对象

apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
  name: ingressroutewrr
  namespace: default

spec:
  entryPoints:
    - web
  routes:
  - match: Host(`who.foxchan.com`)
    kind: Rule
    services:
    - name: wrr
      namespace: default
      kind: TraefikService

6.3 镜像

这里的流量复制演示2种

流量复制到k8s 的service

# Mirroring from a k8s Service
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: TraefikService
metadata:
  name: mirror-k8s
  namespace: default

spec:
  mirroring:
    name: svc1       # 发送 100% 的请求到 K8S 的 Service "v1"
    port: 80
    mirrors:
      - name: svc2   # 然后复制 20% 的请求到 v2
        port: 80
        percent: 20

流量从Traefik Service 导入

# Mirroring from a Traefik Service
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: TraefikService
metadata:
  name: mirror-ts
  namespace: default

spec:
  mirroring:
    name: mirror-k8s          #流量入口从TraefikService 来
    kind: TraefikService
     mirrors:
       - name: svc2
         port: 80
         percent: 20

创建IngressRoute

apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
  name: ingressroute-mirror
  namespace: default

spec:
  entryPoints:
    - web
  routes:
  - match: Host(`who.foxchan.com`) 
    kind: Rule
    services:
    - name: mirror-k8s          
      namespace: default
      kind: TraefikService

helm安装方式

helm repo add --insecure-skip-tls-verify  traefik https://helm.traefik.io/traefik
helm repo update
helm repo list
helm install   --insecure-skip-tls-verify traefik traefik/traefik

参考:https://www.cnblogs.com/heian99/p/14608414.html

https://blog.51cto.com/foxhound/2545116?source=dra

posted @ 2022-03-17 16:31  fat_girl_spring  阅读(1035)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报