ubuntu下装VNC

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How To Install VNC Server On Ubuntu 14.04

Version 1.0 Last edited 11/Jun/2014

This guide explains the installation and configuration of a VNC server on Ubuntu 14.04 server. I use a server here to show you a ay to have a remote desktop on a root server in a datacenter. The same steps will work for Ubuntu desktops as well.VNC is a very convinient way of administrating the Ubuntu 14.04 desktops remotely. The GUI can be accessed from anywhere over the internet or local network with a VNC client on any OS. The only requirement is that the connecting OS has a VNC-client installed on it.

1 Preliminary Note

In my case I have a fresh installed Ubuntu14.04 server in a datacenter (root server) were I will install the VNC server so that I can access the Ubuntu Gnome GUI remotely. If you do. In case that you havent a Ubuntu minimal installation yet, follow thisguidefor the basic installation of the Ubuntu server till Chapter 11. All of the cases are same as per the guide. My network details are as follows:

IP address 192.168.0.100 Gateway 192.168.0.1 DNS 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 Hostname server1.example.com VNC-server benefits

Remote GUI administration makes work easy & convenient.
Clipboard sharing between host Ubuntu server & VNC-client machine.
GUI tools can be installed on the host Ubuntu server to make the administration more powerful
Host Ubuntu server can be administered through any OS having the VNC-client installed.
More reliable and faster then running a X-Server over SSH.
More reliable then RDP connections.

2 Installation

I am logged in my system as root user on the shell (e.g. by ssh). Now I will install the VNC-server.

apt-get install gnome-core xfce4 firefox

apt-get install vnc4server

Please make sure that you are using only vnc-server & no other VNC-server are installed as this could give errors in future mostly that clipboard sharing between the host Ubuntu Server & vnc-client machine. You can check it as follows:

root@vboxtest ~ # dpkg -l | grep vnc ii vnc4server 4.1.1+xorg4.3.0-37ubuntu5 amd64 Virtual network computing server software root@vboxtest ~ #

Please uninstall if tightvnc or anything similar installed.

3 Adding VNC user

In my case I am using user=srijan it will differ in your case. You can use any username for the same.

adduser srijan

root@server1:~# adduser srijan Adding user `srijan' ... Adding new group `srijan' (1001) ... Adding new group `srijan' (1001) ... Adding new user `srijan' (1001) with group `srijan' ... Creating home directory `/home/srijan' ... Copying files from `/etc/skel' ... Enter new UNIX password: <--yourpassword Retype new UNIX password: <--yourpassword passwd: password updated successfully Changing the user information for srijan Enter the new value, or press ENTER for the default Full Name []: <--ENTER Room Number []: <--ENTER Work Phone []: <--ENTER Home Phone []: <--ENTER Other []: <--ENTER Is the information correct? [Y/n] <--ENTER Further we need to start the vncserver with the user, for this use:

su - srijan

vncserver

It will show this on the prompt:

srijan@server1:~$ vncserver

You will require a password to access your desktops.

Password:<--Put your VNC password 
Verify:<--Put your VNC password
Password too long - only the first 8 characters will be used
xauth:  file /home/srijan/.Xauthority does not exist

New 'server1:1 (srijan)' desktop is server1:1

Creating default startup script /home/srijan/.vnc/xstartup
Starting applications specified in /home/srijan/.vnc/xstartup
Log file is /home/srijan/.vnc/server1:1.log

srijan@server1:~$

Now I am going to make backup of the original file & then make the configuration as follows:

cp ~/.vnc/xstartup ~/.vnc/xstartup.bak > ~/.vnc/xstartup vi ~/.vnc/xstartup

#!/bin/sh
unset SESSION_MANAGER
unset DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS
startxfce4 &
 
[ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup
[ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
vncconfig -iconic &

It will have some issues with the gnome-vnc session so please kill the present vnc session as follows:

vncserver -kill :1

Further I will make the startup script for the vncserver like this:

su vi /etc/init.d/vncserver

#!/bin/bash
 
unset VNCSERVERARGS
VNCSERVERS=""
[ -f /etc/vncserver/vncservers.conf ] && . /etc/vncserver/vncservers.conf
prog=$"VNC server"
start() {
 . /lib/lsb/init-functions
 REQ_USER=$2
 echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
 ulimit -S -c 0 >/dev/null 2>&1
 RETVAL=0
 for display in ${VNCSERVERS}
 do
 export USER="${display##*:}"
 if test -z "${REQ_USER}" -o "${REQ_USER}" == ${USER} ; then
 echo -n "${display} "
 unset BASH_ENV ENV
 DISP="${display%%:*}"
 export VNCUSERARGS="${VNCSERVERARGS[${DISP}]}"
 su ${USER} -c "cd ~${USER} && [ -f .vnc/passwd ] && vncserver :${DISP} ${VNCUSERARGS}"
 fi
 done
}
stop() {
 . /lib/lsb/init-functions
 REQ_USER=$2
 echo -n $"Shutting down VNCServer: "
 for display in ${VNCSERVERS}
 do
 export USER="${display##*:}"
 if test -z "${REQ_USER}" -o "${REQ_USER}" == ${USER} ; then
 echo -n "${display} "
 unset BASH_ENV ENV
 export USER="${display##*:}"
 su ${USER} -c "vncserver -kill :${display%%:*}" >/dev/null 2>&1
 fi
 done
 echo -e "\n"
 echo "VNCServer Stopped"
}
case "$1" in
start)
start $@
;;
stop)
stop $@
;;
restart|reload)
stop $@
sleep 3
start $@
;;
condrestart)
if [ -f /var/lock/subsys/vncserver ]; then
stop $@
sleep 3
start $@
fi
;;
status)
status Xvnc
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|condrestart|status}"
exit 1
esac

Now make it executable:

chmod +x /etc/init.d/vncserver

Next I will make the configuration file for the vncserver by creating file as follows:

mkdir -p /etc/vncserver vi /etc/vncserver/vncservers.conf

Give the entries like this.

VNCSERVERS="1:srijan"
VNCSERVERARGS[1]="-geometry 1024x768"

Here your port comes to be 5901 & 1024x768 resolution for the VNC client, you can choose resolution of your own choice.

Now I will add it into boot startups:

update-rc.d vncserver defaults 99

root@server1:~# update-rc.d vncserver defaults 99
 Adding system startup for /etc/init.d/vncserver ...
   /etc/rc0.d/K99vncserver -> ../init.d/vncserver
   /etc/rc1.d/K99vncserver -> ../init.d/vncserver
   /etc/rc6.d/K99vncserver -> ../init.d/vncserver
   /etc/rc2.d/S99vncserver -> ../init.d/vncserver
   /etc/rc3.d/S99vncserver -> ../init.d/vncserver
   /etc/rc4.d/S99vncserver -> ../init.d/vncserver
   /etc/rc5.d/S99vncserver -> ../init.d/vncserver
root@server1:~#

And fFinally reboot the machine.

reboot

4 VNC Client

On the client side my OS is Ubuntu 14.04 Desktop with the "vino" VNC Client software installed. But you may use any other VNC client as well. In case other OS say windows-7 you can e.g. install Realvnc-client or TightVNC.

Now I am going to connect with the VNC server through my VNC-client