前端用Webpact打包React后端Node+Express实现简单留言版
前言
React官方推荐用Browserify或者Webpack 来开发React组件。
Webpack 是什么?是德国开发者 Tobias Koppers 开发的模块加载器。Instagram 工程师认为这个方案很棒, 似乎还把作者招过去了。在 Webpack 当中, 所有的资源都被当作是模块, js, css, 图片等等..Webpack 都有对应的模块 loader,如下文中将用到jsx-loader来加载带react语法的js文件
Express 是目前最流行的 Node.js Web MVC开发框架,最受 Web 开发人员欢迎。使用其强大的功能,开发人员可以创建单页和多页,和混合模式的 Web 应用程序。本实例用Json数组模拟实现数据model模块,在Express框架下实现Restful API
快速浏览更多在线 Demo
想查看源代码,可以自行F12,或在github中直接查看源码,或者欢迎直接留言。
[1]后端
一、安装及配置环境[window环境]
1、打开命令行,安装监听代码变更可自动重启node服务器的supervisor
npm install -g supervisor
在开发nodejs程序,调试的时候,无论你修改了代码的哪一部分,都需要重启服务才能生效。Node.js的这种设计虽然有利于提高性能,却不利于开发调试,因为我们在开发过程中总是希望修改后立即看到效果,而不是每次都要终止进程并重启。supervisor 可以帮助你实现这个功能,它会监视你对代码的改动,并自动重启 Node.js。
2、命令行全局安装Nodejs MVC框架express。
注意:如果运行有问题可以加上版本号安装。
npm install -g express
3、使用Express创建项目
cd E:\nelson\test\express\
express -t ejs commentbox
cd commentbox
npm intall
如上:命令行下先定位到自己的目录E:\nelson\test\express\ ,再输入express -t ejs commentbox创建项目,此时,会自动生成一个commentbox文件夹。文件夹里面面会有model、public、routes和views文件夹,还有app.js和package.json两个文件。再命令行cd commentbox定位到commentbox文件夹下,然后输入npm install(这是必需的),此时,目录下会多出node_modules文件夹,这是node模块文件夹。
二、编写代码
1、添加model文件E:\nelson\test\express\commentbox\model\comments.js
exports.comments = [
{ author : '小明', text : "Nothing is impossible, the word itself says 'I'm possible'!"},
{ author : '小强', text : "You may not realize it when it happens, but a kick in the teeth may be the best thing in the world for you"},
{ author : '小兵', text : "Even the greatest was once a beginner. Don't be afraid to take that first step."},
{ author : '拉登', text : "You are afraid to die, and you're afraid to live. What a way to exist."}
];
用json数组模拟后台数据,当然可以直接去连数据库,写数据库连接配好model就可以了。
2、修改应用入口文件E:\nelson\test\express\commentbox\app.js
/**
* Module dependencies.
*/
var express = require('express');
var routes = require('./routes');
var comment = require('./routes/comment');
var http = require('http');
var path = require('path');
var app = express();
// all environments
app.set('port', process.env.PORT || 3000);
app.set('views', path.join(__dirname, 'views'));
app.set('view engine', 'jade');
//app.use(express.favicon());
app.use(express.logger('dev'));
app.use(express.json());
app.use(express.urlencoded());
app.use(express.methodOverride());
app.use(express.bodyParser());
app.use(app.router);
app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'public')));
// development only
if ('development' == app.get('env')) {
app.use(express.errorHandler());
}
app.get('/', routes.index);
app.get('/comments', comment.list);
app.get('/comments/:id', comment.get);
app.delete('/comments/:id', comment.delete);
app.post('/comments', comment.add);
app.put('/comments/:id', comment.update);
http.createServer(app).listen(app.get('port'), function(){
console.log('Express server listening on port ' + app.get('port'));
});
红色部分是自己加上去的,定义好增删改查api接口。代码书写方式遵从CommonJS规范
3、增加路由/控制器配置文件E:\nelson\test\express\commentbox\routes\comment.js
/*
* GET comments listing.
*/
var comments = require('../model/comments').comments;
exports.list = function(req, res){
res.json(comments);
};
exports.get = function(req, res){
if(comments.length <= req.params.id || req.params.id < 0) {
res.statusCode = 404;
return res.send('Error 404: No comment found');
}
var q = comments[req.params.id];
res.json(q);
};
exports.delete = function(req, res){
if(comments.length <= req.params.id) {
res.statusCode = 404;
return res.send('Error 404: No comment found');
}
comments.splice(req.params.id, 1);
res.json(true);
};
exports.update = function(req, res){
res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json;charset=utf-8');
for(var i=0;i<comments.length;i++){
if(comments[i].author==req.body.author){
comments[i] = req.body;
res.send({status:"success", message:"update comment success"});
console.log(comments);
}
}
};
exports.add = function(req, res){
if(!req.body.hasOwnProperty('author') ||
!req.body.hasOwnProperty('text')) {
res.statusCode = 400;
return res.send('Error 400: Post syntax incorrect.');
}
var newComment = {
author : req.body.author,
text : req.body.text
};
comments.push(newComment);
res.json(true);
};
这里比较清晰的定义了增删改查的请求处理
4、命令行输入supervisor app.js,ok,现在打开浏览器输入localhost:3000你就可以运行并测试API接口了,也可以使用postman或者curl来测试,本例只用上了get与add请求。
supervisor app.js
浏览器打开http://localhost:3000/comments
结果如下:
[
{
"author": "小明",
"text": "Nothing is impossible, the word itself says 'I'm possible'!"
},
{
"author": "小强",
"text": "You may not realize it when it happens, but a kick in the teeth may be the best thing in the world for you"
},
{
"author": "小兵",
"text": "Even the greatest was once a beginner. Don't be afraid to take that first step."
},
{
"author": "拉登",
"text": "You are afraid to die, and you're afraid to live. What a way to exist."
}
]
浏览器打开http://localhost:3000/comments/1
结果如下:
{
"author": "小强",
"text": "You may not realize it when it happens, but a kick in the teeth may be the best thing in the world for you"
}
后端到此结束!
[2]前端
一、配置前端环境1、添加Webpack配置文件E:\nelson\test\express\commentbox\webpack.config.js
module.exports = {
entry: [
'./public/assets/js/entry.js'
],
output: {
path: __dirname + '/public/assets/',
publicPath: "/public/assets/",
filename: 'bundle.js'
},
module: {
loaders: [
{ test: /\.js?$/, loaders: ['jsx-loader?harmony'] }
]
}
};
webpack.config.js是webpack默认的配置文件。如果改了文件名要重新执行:webpack --config webpack.config.js 这样的命令,如果不改文件名就直接输入webpack就会自动打包文件。
2、命令行安装各种依赖模块。
npm install -g webpack(如果没安装wepack的话需要全局安装)
npm install --save-dev jsx-loader
npm install --save-dev react
npm install --save-dev react-dom
npm install --save-dev marked
npm install --save-dev jquery
二、编写前端js代码
1、编写react 留言版组件:E:\nelson\test\express\commentbox\public\assets\js\commentbox.js
var React = require('react');
var ReactDOM = require('react-dom');
var marked = require('marked');
var $ = require('jquery');
var Comment = React.createClass({
rawMarkup: function() {
var rawMarkup = marked(this.props.children.toString(), {sanitize: true});
return { __html: rawMarkup };
},
render: function() {
return (
<div className="comment">
<h2 className="commentAuthor">
{this.props.author}
</h2>
<span dangerouslySetInnerHTML={this.rawMarkup()} />
</div>
);
}
});
var CommentList = React.createClass({
render: function() {
var commentNodes = this.props.data.map(function (comment) {
return (
<Comment author={comment.author}>
{comment.text}
</Comment>
);
});
return (
<div className="commentList">
{commentNodes}
</div>
);
}
});
var CommentForm = React.createClass({
handleSubmit: function(e) {
e.preventDefault();
var author = this.refs.author.value.trim();
var text = this.refs.text.value.trim();
if (!text || !author) {
return;
}
this.props.onCommentSubmit({author: author, text: text});
this.refs.author.value = '';
this.refs.text.value = '';
return;
},
render: function() {
return (
<form className="commentForm" onSubmit={this.handleSubmit}>
<input type="text" placeholder="你的名字" ref="author" />
<input type="text" placeholder="说些什么..." ref="text" />
<input type="submit" value="发表" />
</form>
);
}
});
var CommentBox = React.createClass({
loadCommentsFromServer: function() {
$.ajax({
url: this.props.url,
dataType: 'json',
cache: false,
success: function(data) {
this.setState({data: data});
}.bind(this),
error: function(xhr, status, err) {
console.error(this.props.url, status, err.toString());
}.bind(this)
});
},
handleCommentSubmit: function(comment) {
// TODO: submit to the server and refresh the list
var comments = this.state.data;
var newComments = comments.concat([comment]);
this.setState({data: newComments});
$.ajax({
url: this.props.url,
dataType: 'json',
type: 'POST',
data: comment,
success: function(data) {
this.setState({data: data});
}.bind(this),
error: function(xhr, status, err) {
console.error(this.props.url, status, err.toString());
}.bind(this)
});
},
getInitialState: function() {
return {data: []};
},
componentDidMount: function() {
this.loadCommentsFromServer();
setInterval(this.loadCommentsFromServer, this.props.pollInterval);
},
render: function() {
return (
<div className="commentBox">
<h1>我的留言板</h1>
<CommentList data={this.state.data} />
<CommentForm onCommentSubmit={this.handleCommentSubmit} />
</div>
);
}
});
module.exports = CommentBox;
这例子代码直接与react官方代码一样,只是改成了CommonJs风格。注意:webpack尊从CommonJS规范,使用起来非常方便,require相应的模块,如$ = require('jquery'),就可以直接使用jQuery,当然要先npm安装了要使用的模块。
2、webpack入口js文件:E:\nelson\test\express\commentbox\public\assets\js\entry.js
var React = require('react');
var ReactDOM = require('react-dom');
var CommentBox = require('./CommentBox');
ReactDOM.render(
<CommentBox url="/comments" pollInterval={2000} />,
document.getElementById('commentbox')
);
可参考第1点配置文件里面定义好入口js文件,名称和路径要一致。
3、添加留言版静态html页面:E:\nelson\test\express\commentbox\public\html\index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>我的留言板</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="commentbox"></div>
<script src="/assets/bundle.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
bundle.js文件就是webpack打包好的js文件,引用进来就可以直接看到效果。
4、命令行输入webpack打包js文件
webpack
这时,根据配置文件,在目录E:\nelson\test\express\commentbox\public\assets下会自动生成bundle.js文件
5、好,大功告成;这时在刚才打开的浏览器页面修改url地址为:http://localhost:3000/html/index.html,效果如下:
在页面上面测试发表留言,测试通过,OK
前端React代码参考自官方教程,略有改动
--React Tutorial https://facebook.github.io/react/docs/tutorial.html
后端Restful API接口参考自
--NODE.JS AND EXPRESS - CREATING A REST API http://blog.modulus.io/nodejs-and-express-create-rest-api
--nodejs+Express实现Restful的web应用 http://blog.csdn.net/jthink_/article/details/9708087