Oracle expdp impdp中 exclude/include 的使用
exclude和include参数能够在使用expdp或impdp是对特定的对象或对象类型进行筛选或过滤。比如因工作的需要导出特定的表或不导出特定
的表、视图以及存储过程、索引、约束、授权统计信息等等。下面将给出expdp或impdp使用exclude和include参数的方法和示例。
一、exclude/include参数用法：
EXCLUDE=[object_type]:[name_clause],[object_type]:[name_clause] -->排出特定对象
INCLUDE=[object_type]:[name_clause],[object_type]:[name_clause] -->包含特定对象
object_type子句用于指定对象的类型，如table,sequence,view,procedure,package等等
name_clause子句可以为SQL表达式用于过滤特定的对象名字。它由SQL操作符以及对象名(可使用通配符)来过滤指定对象类型中的特定对象。
当未指定name_clause而仅仅指定object_type则所有该类型的对象都将被过滤或筛选。多个[object_type]:[name_clause]中间以逗号分割。
示例：
expdp <other_parameters> SCHEMAS=scott EXCLUDE=SEQUENCE,TABLE:"IN ('EMP','DEPT')"
impdp <other_parameters> SCHEMAS=scott INCLUDE=PACKAGE,FUNCTION,PROCEDURE,TABLE:"='EMP'"
二、常用的过滤SQL表达式
EXCLUDE=SEQUENCE,VIEW --过滤所有的SEQUENCE,VIEW
EXCLUDE=TABLE:"IN ('EMP','DEPT')" --过滤表对象EMP,DEPT
EXCLUDE=SEQUENCE,VIEW,TABLE:"IN ('EMP','DEPT')" --过滤所有的SEQUENCE,VIEW以及表对象EMP,DEPT
EXCLUDE=INDEX:"= 'INDX_NAME'" --过滤指定的索引对象INDX_NAME
INCLUDE=PROCEDURE:"LIKE 'PROC_U%'" --包含以PROC_U开头的所有存储过程(_ 符号代表任意单个字符)
INCLUDE=TABLE:"> 'E' " --包含大于字符E的所有表对象
其它常用操作符 NOT IN, NOT LIKE, <, != 等等
直接将过滤操作符封装到参数文件中，如下面的例子
Parameter file:exp_scott.par
DIRECTORY = dump_scott
DUMPFILE = exp_scott_%U.dmp
LOGFILE = exp_scott.log
SCHEMAS = scott
PARALLEL= 2
EXCLUDE = TABLE:"IN ('EMP', 'DEPT')"
expdp system/manager parfile=exp.par
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三、命令行下转义符的处理
Windows平台:
D:\> expdp system/manager DIRECTORY=my_dir DUMPFILE=exp_tab.dmp LOGFILE=exp_tab.log SCHEMAS=scott
INCLUDE=TABLE:\"IN ('EMP', 'DEPT')\"
在Windows平台下，需要对象双引号进行转义，使用转义符\
Unix平台:
在未使用parfile文件的情形下，所有的符号都需要进行转义，包括括号，双引号，单引号等
% expdp system/manager DIRECTORY=my_dir DUMPFILE=exp_tab.dmp LOGFILE=exp_tab.log SCHEMAS=scott
INCLUDE=TABLE:\"IN \'EMP\', \'DEP\'\"
四、exclude/include常见的错误
任意需要转义的字符如果未转义或转义错误，都会产生ORA错误。下面给出几种常见的ORA错误。
ORA-39001: invalid argument value
ORA-39071: Value for INCLUDE is badly formed.
ORA-00936: missing expression
ORA-39001: invalid argument value
ORA-39071: Value for EXCLUDE is badly formed.
ORA-00904: “DEPT”: invalid identifier
ORA-39001: invalid argument value
ORA-39041: Filter “INCLUDE” either identifies all object types or no object types.
ORA-39001: invalid argument value
ORA-39041: Filter “EXCLUDE” either identifies all object types or no object types
ORA-39001: invalid argument value
ORA-39038: Object path “USER” is not supported for TABLE jobs.
五、导出示例
-->导出不包含sequence，表EMP，DEPT的其它所有对象
[Oracle@orasrv scott]$ expdp scott/tiger directory=dump_scott dumpfile=fliter_1.dmp log=fliter_1.log schemas=scott \
> exclude=sequence,table:\" in \'EMP\',\'DEPT\'\"
-->包含大于字符T的所有表对象
[oracle@orasrv ~]$ expdp scott/tiger directory=dump_scott dumpfile=tmp.dmp logfile=tmp.log include=table:\"\>\'T\'\"
...........
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 18.06 MB
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
. . exported "SCOTT"."TB_PARL" 7.020 MB 72598 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."TT" 7.009 MB 72493 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."XP":"P2" 5.398 KB 1 rows
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:
/home/oracle/dump/scott/tmp.dmp
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at 14:24:55
-->仅仅导入表对象TT，如果存在则将其替换
[oracle@orasrv scott]$ impdp scott/tiger directory=dump_scott dumpfile=tmp.dmp logfile=tmp_imp.log \
> include=table:\" =\'TT\' \" table_exists_action=replace
.............
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01": scott/******** directory=dump_scott dumpfile=tmp.dmp logfile=tmp_imp.log
include=table:" ='TT' " table_exists_action=replace
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "SCOTT"."TT" 7.009 MB 72493 rows
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully completed at 14:59:32
-->下面是一个实际实际导出过程中的parfile参数,exclude参数用于排出所有包含BAK的表对象,以及一些索引对象,使用了in,like运算符
userid=goex_admin
directory=DB_DUMP_DIR
dumpfile=sybo2_full_%U.dmp
logfile=sybo2_full.log
exclude=table:"like '%BAK%'",index:" in ('PK_ACC_POS_CASH_PL_TBL_ARC_11','pk_acc_pos_cash_tbl_arc_11',
'PK_ACC_POS_STOCK_ARCH_TBL_11','I_ACC_POS_STOCK_TBL_ARC_DT','I_ACC_POS_CASH_PL_ARCH_TBL_DT') ",
table:"in ('ACC_POS_STOCK_TBL_ARC')"
filesize=5368709120
schemas=goex_admin
-->下面是一个使用query查询过滤的情形
-->该操作导出的schema为scott，表对象emp中deptno=20，以及dept表中deptno=20的记录被导出，这两个表中的其余记录被过滤
-->该操作除上述过滤以后的所有对象将被一一导出
expdp scott/tiger dumpfile=scott_filter.dmp logfile=scott_filter.log directory=DB_DUMP_DIR schemas=scott \
> query=scott.emp:'"where deptno=20"',scott.dept:'"where deptno=20"'
