Docker基本使用
Docker基本使用
基本命令
帮助
docker —help
Docker 的帮助命令是一个万能命令，可以用来查看 Docker 的所有命令。
语法
docker [命令] --help
基本信息
docker version
使用 docker version 命令可以查看 Docker 的基本信息。
系统信息
docker info
使用 docker info 命令可以查看 Docker 的系统信息。
Docker镜像
查看所有镜像
docker images
可以使用 docker images 命令查看所有本地主机上的镜像。
该命令等价于 docker image ls。
语法
docker images [参数] [镜像[:标签]]
命令后加上 [镜像[:标签]] 可以对镜像进行过滤。
参数
a：显示所有镜像。q：只显示 ID。
显示所有镜像
[root@sail ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 2 months ago 13.3kB
[root@sail ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 2 months ago 13.3kB
[root@sail ~]# docker images -a
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 2 months ago 13.3kB
只显示镜像的 ID
[root@sail ~]# docker images -q
feb5d9fea6a5
显示所有镜像的 ID
[root@sail ~]# docker images -aq
feb5d9fea6a5
对镜像进行过滤
[root@sail ~]# docker images java
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
[root@sail ~]# docker images hello-world
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 2 months ago 13.3kB
[root@sail ~]# docker images hello-world:latest
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 2 months ago 13.3kB
结果分析
- REPOSITORY：镜像名（镜像仓库源）。
- TAG：镜像的标签。
- IMAGE ID：镜像的 ID。
- CREATED：镜像的创建时间。
- SIZE：镜像的大小。
搜索镜像
docker search
语法
docker search [参数]
参数
f/-filter：根据过滤条件搜索。
搜索仓库中的镜像，等价于网页搜索。
[root@sail ~]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 11789 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4488 [OK]
mysql/mysql-server Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create… 882 [OK]
centos/mysql-57-centos7 MySQL 5.7 SQL database server 92
mysql/mysql-cluster Experimental MySQL Cluster Docker images. Cr… 89
centurylink/mysql Image containing mysql. Optimized to be link… 59 [OK]
databack/mysql-backup Back up mysql databases to... anywhere! 53
prom/mysqld-exporter 44 [OK]
deitch/mysql-backup REPLACED! Please use http://hub.docker.com/r… 41 [OK]
tutum/mysql Base docker image to run a MySQL database se… 35
linuxserver/mysql A Mysql container, brought to you by LinuxSe… 34
schickling/mysql-backup-s3 Backup MySQL to S3 (supports periodic backup… 31 [OK]
mysql/mysql-router MySQL Router provides transparent routing be… 23
centos/mysql-56-centos7 MySQL 5.6 SQL database server 21
arey/mysql-client Run a MySQL client from a docker container 19 [OK]
fradelg/mysql-cron-backup MySQL/MariaDB database backup using cron tas… 17 [OK]
genschsa/mysql-employees MySQL Employee Sample Database 8 [OK]
yloeffler/mysql-backup This image runs mysqldump to backup data usi… 7 [OK]
openshift/mysql-55-centos7 DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based MySQL v5.5 image… 6
devilbox/mysql Retagged MySQL, MariaDB and PerconaDB offici… 3
ansibleplaybookbundle/mysql-apb An APB which deploys RHSCL MySQL 3 [OK]
jelastic/mysql An image of the MySQL database server mainta… 2
centos/mysql-80-centos7 MySQL 8.0 SQL database server 2
widdpim/mysql-client Dockerized MySQL Client (5.7) including Curl… 1 [OK]
vitess/mysqlctld vitess/mysqlctld 1 [OK]
搜索出 Stars 大于 3000 的
[root@sail ~]# docker search mysql -f=STARS=3000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 11789 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4488 [OK]
拉取镜像
docker pull
语法
docker pull [参数] 镜像名[:标签]
如果不输入标签，默认拉取最新版镜像。
参数
a：拉取镜像的所有标签。q：抑制详细输出。
默认下载最新版
[root@sail ~]# docker pull redis
Using default tag: latest # 默认最新版标签
latest: Pulling from library/redis
e5ae68f74026: Pull complete # 分层下载，docker image的核心：联合文件系统
37c4354629da: Pull complete
b065b1b1fa0f: Pull complete
6954d19bb2e5: Pull complete
6333f8baaf7c: Pull complete
f9772c8a44e7: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:2f502d27c3e9b54295f1c591b3970340d02f8a5824402c8179dcd20d4076b796 #防伪签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for redis:latest
docker.io/library/redis:latest # 真实地址，docker pull redis 等价于 docker pull docker.io/library/redis:latest
指定版本下载
[root@sail ~]# docker pull redis:5.0
5.0: Pulling from library/redis
e5ae68f74026: Already exists # 分层镜像的好处，与之前的版本共用一部分，不用再重复下载
37c4354629da: Already exists
b065b1b1fa0f: Already exists
99ab464ba8bb: Pull complete
eb5bbe3179d2: Pull complete
2067794f93b6: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:310f81701011175dc868e833d73f539282dd18510ca35d6f7b63c4d33ab4f54e
Status: Downloaded newer image for redis:5.0
docker.io/library/redis:5.0
版本来自于官网，版本库 https://hub.docker.com/_/redis
这里输入的标签必须是官网版本库存在的标签，否则无法拉取镜像。
删除镜像
docker rmi
语法
docker rmi [参数] 镜像 [镜像...]
参数
f：强制删除。
查看现存镜像
[root@sail ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
redis 5.0 071510791e92 5 days ago 110MB
redis latest aea9b698d7d1 6 days ago 113MB
mysql 5.7 738e7101490b 6 days ago 448MB
mysql latest bbf6571db497 6 days ago 516MB
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 2 months ago 13.3kB
删除一个。可以通过名称，也可以指定 ID，-f 表示强制删除。
[root@sail ~]# docker rmi -f feb5d9fea6a5
Untagged: hello-world:latest
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:cc15c5b292d8525effc0f89cb299f1804f3a725c8d05e158653a563f15e4f685
Deleted: sha256:feb5d9fea6a5e9606aa995e879d862b825965ba48de054caab5ef356dc6b3412
删除多个。用空格分隔 ID。
[root@sail ~]# docker rmi -f 738e7101490b bbf6571db497
Untagged: mysql:5.7
Untagged: mysql@sha256:d1cc87a3bd5dc07defc837bc9084f748a130606ff41923f46dec1986e0dc828d
Deleted: sha256:738e7101490b45decf606211a5437ed87aa6a82f1ff03c354564bf9375ce20f9
Deleted: sha256:addad8cfeac97b96eb6652a576269346ac96def9a6709ed2388e24fff4345837
Deleted: sha256:e288c3439a7e2f423f50bf22979a759371c51a70bbbaa450993c336978460b1a
Deleted: sha256:33ece15accaa3bb20e3dee84e2e4501469b917c3abba3d5475cd1fec8bb3e82c
Deleted: sha256:6b15390bceeca8424d82e75f5c9aca5eb4693f96849d6382168a99747877693d
Untagged: mysql:latest
Untagged: mysql@sha256:ff9a288d1ecf4397967989b5d1ec269f7d9042a46fc8bc2c3ae35458c1a26727
Deleted: sha256:bbf6571db4977fe13c3f4e6289c1409fc6f98c2899eabad39bfe07cad8f64f67
Deleted: sha256:a72da99dce60d6f8d4c4cffa4173153c990537fcdfaa27c35324c3348d55dd5c
Deleted: sha256:8b535d432ef2fbd45d93958347b2587c5cbe334f07d6909ad9d2d480ebbafb65
Deleted: sha256:14d13a3b33fc76839f156cd24b4636dab121e6d3d026cefa2985a4b89e9d4df8
Deleted: sha256:77c21a5a897a1ba752f3d742d6c94ee7c6b0e373fd0aeecc4bf88b9a3982007e
Deleted: sha256:189162becec8bb4588c54fb4ea7e62d20121812e68aeb0291fb4bb5df9ec0985
Deleted: sha256:34980dadfd6a5bb9d7f9e8d4e408000e0a8f4840cc7d3092dc94357ebe7a89b6
Deleted: sha256:15b2beb64a91785c8f3709ecd2410d13577b3174faad164524434ce6a7633506
Deleted: sha256:e38dd14d47b61171927ea4b928f7296123b65a81ad1cfde8f5d00cadf1e81bbb
Deleted: sha256:865abdfd8444741f581ce582e4ac5746c4a00c282febf65aa808a235ec7abf78
Deleted: sha256:b1e35233e1ac953bd06fc8fa83afb3a88c39c1aeae0c89a46cb1b652d6821b38
Deleted: sha256:3bcfdf6641227ff63e3ddf9e38e45cf317b178a50a664e45c6ae596107d5bc46
Deleted: sha256:f11bbd657c82c45cc25b0533ce72f193880b630352cc763ed0c045c808ff9ae1
[root@sail ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
redis 5.0 071510791e92 6 days ago 110MB
redis latest aea9b698d7d1 6 days ago 113MB
删除所有。先用 docker images -aq 查询出所有镜像，再使用 docker rmi -f 递归删除。
[root@sail ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)
Untagged: redis:5.0
Untagged: redis@sha256:310f81701011175dc868e833d73f539282dd18510ca35d6f7b63c4d33ab4f54e
Deleted: sha256:071510791e929570d7dde405f10b19d47115db05e46901b36b7d91ff978444bf
Deleted: sha256:8c023aca07f849d976f91ff85da1a90d39add83d8d50d358e1ec5177e1371907
Deleted: sha256:4dbec1fb2051b365aa3e6a805a052f2c7b4e9087c46847722f9ea5f12b1be308
Deleted: sha256:c6b1ae6dca0b2730bc0d78727b3a7078fce525bfa37dbb750e31b7a976ca1d99
Untagged: redis:latest
Untagged: redis@sha256:2f502d27c3e9b54295f1c591b3970340d02f8a5824402c8179dcd20d4076b796
Deleted: sha256:aea9b698d7d1d2fb22fe74868e27e767334b2cc629a8c6f9db8cc1747ba299fd
Deleted: sha256:beb6c508926e807f60b6a3816068ee3e2cece7654abaff731e4a26bcfebe04d8
Deleted: sha256:a5b5ed3d7c997ffd7c58cd52569d8095a7a3729412746569cdbda0dfdd228d1f
Deleted: sha256:ee76d3703ec1ab8abc11858117233a3ac8c7c5e37682f21a0c298ad0dc09a9fe
Deleted: sha256:60abc26bc7704070b2977b748ac0fd4ca94b818ed4ba1ef59ca8803e95920161
Deleted: sha256:6a2f1dcfa7455f60a810bb7c4786d62029348f64c4fcff81c48f8625cf0d995a
Deleted: sha256:9321ff862abbe8e1532076e5fdc932371eff562334ac86984a836d77dfb717f5
[root@sail ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
运行镜像
docker run
语法
docker run [参数] 镜像名
参数
-
--name：指定容器的名称，如果正在运行该名称的容器，会报错。 -
-rm：用完即删除，通常用来测试。 -
d：后台方式运行。 -
it：使用交互方式运行，可以进入容器查看内容。 -
e：指定运行环境。 -
p：随机指定端口。 -
p：指定容器的端口，如：
-p 8080:8080。还可以有以下写法：
p ip:主机端口:容器端口p 主机端口:容器端口p 容器端口
运行 centos 镜像
[root@sail ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
Unable to find image 'centos:latest' locally # 检索本地镜像，发现没有该镜像，则去仓库中搜索。
latest: Pulling from library/centos # 开始从仓库中拉取
a1d0c7532777: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
[root@81c83ea42dc0 /]# ls # 由于是以交互方式运行，且进入 /bin/bash 中，此时的路径即为 centos 容器中的 /bin/bash
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
由此可以看出，容器就是一个微型的 Linux 系统。它只保留了最核心的功能和最基本的命令，方便进行操作。
Docker容器
查看容器
docker ps
语法
docker ps [参数]
参数
a：查看所有容器（包括正在运行的和已经停止的）。n：显示最近创建的容器，设置显示个数。q：只显示容器的编号。
查看正在运行的容器
[root@sail ~]# docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES1aaf76d85b9e centos "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Up About a minute intelligent_proskuriakova
查看所有容器
[root@sail ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
1aaf76d85b9e centos "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Up About a minute intelligent_proskuriakova
7ac04abd5a1f centos "/bin/bash" 3 minutes ago Exited (0) 3 minutes ago elegant_euler
bbb87116d848 centos "/bin/bash" 8 minutes ago Exited (0) 3 minutes ago focused_boyd
81c83ea42dc0 centos "/bin/bash" 28 minutes ago Exited (0) 19 minutes ago zealous_proskuriakova
52918b3ce8f6 feb5d9fea6a5 "/hello" 11 days ago Exited (0) 11 days ago friendly_ramanujan
显示最近创建的 2 个容器
[root@sail ~]# docker ps -a -n=2
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
1aaf76d85b9e centos "/bin/bash" 5 hours ago Up 5 hours intelligent_proskuriakova
7ac04abd5a1f centos "/bin/bash" 5 hours ago Exited (0) 5 hours ago elegant_euler
只显示容器的 ID
[root@sail ~]# docker ps -aq
1aaf76d85b9e
7ac04abd5a1f
bbb87116d848
81c83ea42dc0
52918b3ce8f6
退出容器
exit
进入容器后，可以使用 exit 退出
[root@sail ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@7ac04abd5a1f /]# exit
exit
[root@sail ~]#
[root@sail ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
由此可见，这样退出后容器也会停止。
Ctrl + P + Q
如果想退出后容器不停止，可以使用 Ctrl + P + Q 快捷键退出。
[root@sail ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@1aaf76d85b9e /]# [root@sail ~]# docker ps # 此时即为使用 Ctrl + P + Q 快捷键的效果
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
1aaf76d85b9e centos "/bin/bash" 8 seconds ago Up 8 seconds intelligent_proskuriakova
删除容器
docker rm
语法
docker rm [参数] 容器 [容器...]
参数
f：强制删除。
删除指定容器（不能删除正在运行的容器）
[root@sail ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
1aaf76d85b9e centos "/bin/bash" 5 hours ago Up 5 hours intelligent_proskuriakova
[root@sail ~]# docker rm 1aaf76d85b9e
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container 1aaf76d85b9ee5002411c1ea390fca05819f19dc400e85127731d37455cb0acc. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove
强制删除指定容器
[root@sail ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
1aaf76d85b9e centos "/bin/bash" 5 hours ago Up 5 hours intelligent_proskuriakova
[root@sail ~]# docker rm -f 1aaf76d85b9e
1aaf76d85b9e
删除所有容器。先使用 docker ps -aq 获取所有容器的 ID，再调用 docker rm -f 递归删除。
[root@sail ~]# docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)
7ac04abd5a1f
bbb87116d848
81c83ea42dc0
52918b3ce8f6
[root@sail ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
删除所有容器。使用管道符 | 获取 Docker 相关的所有容器 ID 并使用 docker rm -f 删除。
[root@sail ~]# docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm -f
2e61c4578eac
0ebe32ddfa50
启动容器
docker start
查看所有的容器，容器状态为关闭
[root@sail ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
569026bc0955 centos "/bin/bash" 33 seconds ago Exited (0) 7 seconds ago centos03
运行关闭的容器
[root@sail ~]# docker start 569026bc0955
569026bc0955
再次查看所有的容器，容器状态为运行
[root@sail ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
569026bc0955 centos "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Up 1 second centos03
停止容器
docker stop
查看所有的容器，容器状态为运行
[root@sail ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
569026bc0955 centos "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Up 1 second centos03
关闭运行的容器
[root@sail ~]# docker stop 569026bc0955
569026bc0955
再次查看所有的容器，容器状态为关闭
[root@sail ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
569026bc0955 centos "/bin/bash" 4 minutes ago Exited (0) 38 seconds ago centos03
停止所有正在运行的容器。
$ sudo docker stop $(sudo docker ps -aq)
重启容器
docker restart
查看所有的容器，容器状态为关闭
[root@sail ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
569026bc0955 centos "/bin/bash" 4 minutes ago Exited (0) 38 seconds ago centos03
重启关闭的容器
[root@sail ~]# docker restart 569026bc0955
569026bc0955
再次查看所有的容器，容器状态为运行
[root@sail ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
569026bc0955 centos "/bin/bash" 6 minutes ago Up 20 seconds centos03
杀掉容器
docker kill
查看所有的容器，容器状态为运行
[root@sail ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
569026bc0955 centos "/bin/bash" 6 minutes ago Up 20 seconds centos03
杀掉运行的容器
[root@sail ~]# docker kill 569026bc0955
569026bc0955
再次查看所有的容器，容器状态为关闭
[root@sail ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
569026bc0955 centos "/bin/bash" 8 minutes ago Exited (137) 15 seconds ago centos03
