k8s-部署Nginx+Keepalived高可用负载均衡器
本文章是 k8s二进制高可用集群部署 的分支。详细步骤请参考目录。
Kubernetes集群高可用性包含以下两个层面的考虑:
Etcd数据库的高可用性
Kubernetes Master组件的高可用性
Master节点扮演着总控中心的角色,通过不断与工作节点上的Kubelet和kube-proxy进行通信来维护整个集群的健康工作状态。如果Master节点故障,将无法使用kubectl工具或者API做任何集群管理。
Master节点主要有三个服务kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager和kube-scheduler,其中kube-controller-manager和kube-scheduler组件自身通过选择机制已经实现了高可用,所以Master高可用主要针对kube-apiserver组件,而该组件是以HTTP API提供服务,因此对他高可用与Web服务器类似,增加负载均衡器对其负载均衡即可,并且可水平扩容。
Nginx
是一个主流Web服务和反向代理服务器,这里用四层实现对apiserver实现负载均衡。
Keepalived
是一个主流高可用软件,基于VIP绑定实现服务器双机热备,在上述拓扑中,Keepalived主要根据Nginx运行状态判断是否需要故障转移(漂移VIP),例如当Nginx主节点挂掉,VIP会自动绑定在Nginx备节点,从而保证VIP一直可用,实现Nginx高可用。
注1:为了节省机器,这里与K8s Master节点机器复用。也可以独立于k8s集群之外部署,只要nginx与apiserver能通信就行。
注2:如果你是在公有云上,一般都不支持keepalived,那么你可以直接用它们的负载均衡器产品,直接负载均衡多台Master kube-apiserver,架构与上面一样。
在两台Master节点操作:
1.安装软件包(主/备)
yum install epel-release -y yum install nginx keepalived -y yum -y install nginx-all-modules.noarch
2.Nginx配置文件(主备一样)
cat > /etc/nginx/nginx.conf << "EOF" user nginx; worker_processes auto; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; pid /run/nginx.pid; include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf; events { worker_connections 1024; } # 四层负载均衡,为两台Master apiserver组件提供负载均衡 stream { log_format main '$remote_addr $upstream_addr - [$time_local] $status $upstream_bytes_sent'; access_log /var/log/nginx/k8s-access.log main; upstream k8s-apiserver { server 192.168.64.130:6443; # Master1 APISERVER IP:PORT server 192.168.64.131:6443; # Master2 APISERVER IP:PORT } server { listen 16443; # 由于nginx与master节点复用,这个监听端口不能是6443,否则会冲突 proxy_pass k8s-apiserver; } } http { log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; keepalive_timeout 65; types_hash_max_size 2048; include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; server { listen 80 default_server; server_name _; location / { } } } EOF
3.keepalived配置文件(Nginx Master)
cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf << EOF global_defs { notification_email { acassen@firewall.loc failover@firewall.loc sysadmin@firewall.loc } notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc smtp_server 127.0.0.1 smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id NGINX_MASTER } vrrp_script check_nginx { script "/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh" } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state MASTER interface ens160 # 修改为实际网卡名 virtual_router_id 51 # VRRP 路由 ID实例,每个实例是唯一的 priority 100 # 优先级,备服务器设置 90 advert_int 1 # 指定VRRP 心跳包通告间隔时间,默认1秒 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } # 虚拟IP virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.64.134/24 } track_script { check_nginx } } EOF
参数说明:
vrrp_script:指定检查nginx工作状态脚本(根据nginx状态判断是否故障转移)
virtual_ipaddress:虚拟IP(VIP节点IP地址)
准备上述配置文件中检查nginx运行状态的脚本:
cat > /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh << "EOF" #!/bin/bash count=$(ss -antp |grep 16443 |egrep -cv "grep|$$") if [ "$count" -eq 0 ];then exit 1 else exit 0 fi EOF
chmod +x /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh
注:keepalived根据脚本返回状态码(0为工作正常,非0不正常)判断是否故障转移
4.keepalived配置文件(Nginx Backup)
cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf << EOF global_defs { notification_email { acassen@firewall.loc failover@firewall.loc sysadmin@firewall.loc } notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc smtp_server 127.0.0.1 smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id NGINX_BACKUP } vrrp_script check_nginx { script "/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh" } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state BACKUP interface ens160 virtual_router_id 51 # VRRP 路由 ID实例,每个实例是唯一的 priority 90 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.64.134/24 } track_script { check_nginx } } EOF
准备上述配置文件中检查nginx运行状态的脚本:
cat > /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh << "EOF" #!/bin/bash count=$(ss -antp |grep 16443 |egrep -cv "grep|$$") if [ "$count" -eq 0 ];then exit 1 else exit 0 fi EOF
chmod +x /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh
5.启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start nginx keepalived
systemctl enable nginx keepalived
6.查看keepalived工作状态
可以看到,在ens160网卡绑定了192.168.64.135 虚拟IP,说明工作正常。
ip a ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:2e:e4:57 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff altname enp3s0 inet 192.168.64.130/24 brd 192.168.64.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens160 valid_lft 1313sec preferred_lft 1313sec inet 192.168.64.134/24 scope global secondary ens160 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe2e:e457/64 scope link noprefixroute valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
7.Nginx+Keepalived高可用测试
关闭主节点Nginx,测试VIP是否漂移到备节点服务器。
在Nginx Master执行systemctl stop nginx;
在Nginx Backup,ip addr命令查看已成功绑定VIP。
8.访问负载均衡器测试
找K8s集群中任意一个节点,使用curl查看K8s版本测试,使用VIP访问:
获取一个用户的请求token
#获取访问Token
kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard create token admin-user
发送请求
curl -k https://192.168.64.134:16443/version --header 'Authorization: Bearer eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IjhaRFBfWU5nVDh0M1VEcmJhSnh5MGtIeXB6cnpndWFuY2M4Wmx6NHhFR1EifQ.eyJhdWQiOlsiaHR0cHM6Ly9rdWJlcm5ldGVzLmRlZmF1bHQuc3ZjLmNsdXN0ZXIubG9jYWwiXSwiZXhwIjoxNjc3MzM0NzI3LCJpYXQiOjE2NzczMzExMjcsImlzcyI6Imh0dHBzOi8va3ViZXJuZXRlcy5kZWZhdWx0LnN2Yy5jbHVzdGVyLmxvY2FsIiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pbyI6eyJuYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLWRhc2hib2FyZCIsInNlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Ijp7Im5hbWUiOiJhZG1pbi11c2VyIiwidWlkIjoiMWNkOTMxNjktMjBiOC00MzliLWE0NzktMGI4ODE5MzE3ODkyIn19LCJuYmYiOjE2NzczMzExMjcsInN1YiI6InN5c3RlbTpzZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudDprdWJlcm5ldGVzLWRhc2hib2FyZDphZG1pbi11c2VyIn0.tUX9yCtFqYow-7-XpT9GNU3SLTFUJOWjIhJ0K-hPM8Jf8vkwRltfinYgDaqvLvgLibmMi7tGMm3sT0hbhnEF-pFLPQ8zuWfoRohCfhebJ8_sgzNYRHwn3sVBvcaHAOjdeXy2_SX62pijm7HG0jfYvRdYzbKiif397fdmwwkqBGZKHNI1LiGW9TkBEipWrceUCkCB1szbIlh9xQpLUpPtHHhHoHCOXArV3v-e5uT7YSheDuanRtH5dvhbaoGlkVK0PmpZxoTKQWgkug65INagEx6NwxEZX2ztWGpCzKgONHW-kYfOB8z1ARACvMc5jjt10FJ13IMeDYCwxJPsgwM6GQ'
得到响应
{ "major": "1", "minor": "26", "gitVersion": "v1.26.1", "gitCommit": "8f94681cd294aa8cfd3407b8191f6c70214973a4", "gitTreeState": "clean", "buildDate": "2023-01-18T15:51:25Z", "goVersion": "go1.19.5", "compiler": "gc", "platform": "linux/amd64" }
可以正确获取到K8s版本信息,说明负载均衡器搭建正常。该请求数据流程:curl -> vip(nginx) -> apiserver
通过查看Nginx日志也可以看到转发apiserver IP:
tail -f /var/log/nginx/k8s-access.log 192.168.64.132 192.168.64.130:6443 - [25/Feb/2023:21:15:12 +0800] 200 869 192.168.64.132 192.168.64.131:6443 - [25/Feb/2023:21:16:00 +0800] 200 869
9.修改所有Worker Node连接LB VIP
试想下,虽然我们增加了Master02 Node和负载均衡器,但是我们是从单Master架构扩容的,也就是说目前所有的Worker Node组件连接都还是Master01 Node,如果不改为连接VIP走负载均衡器,那么Master还是单点故障。
因此接下来就是要改所有Worker Node(kubectl get node命令查看到的节点)组件配置文件,由原来192.168.64.130修改为192.168.64.134(VIP)。
在所有Worker Node执行:
sed -i 's#192.168.64.130:6443#192.168.64.134:16443#' /opt/kubernetes/cfg/* systemctl restart kubelet kube-proxy
检查节点状态:
kubectl get node