英语

spring：

none:

• the season between winter and summer when leaves and flowers appear: the spring of 1993; in the spring; late/early spring
• something, usually twisted piece of metal, that will return to its previous shape after if has been pressed down
• water: a place where water comes up naturally from the ground: spring water

verb:

• if something springs back, open,, it moves quickly, suddenly with force.

springboard: something that helps you to start doing something.

 

• which in turn provided a springboard for development of ....
• similarly;
• is concerned with
• is a nontrival problem due to the wide variability of ...
• proliferation: a sudden increase in the amount or number of something, the very fast growth of new parts of a living thing,such as cells.