HTML5 Canvas中绘制椭圆的几种方法
1.canvas自带的绘制椭圆的方法
ellipse(x, y, radiusX, radiusY, rotation, startAngle, endAngle, anticlockwise)是后来添加的,
参数的意思:(起点x.起点y,半径x,半径y,旋转的角度,起始角,结果角,顺时针还是逆时针)
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html> 3 <head lang="en"> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 <title>椭圆</title> 6 </head> 7 <body> 8 <canvas id="canvas" style="border:1px solid #aaa;display:block;margin:50px auto;"> 9 当前浏览器不支持Canvas,请更换浏览器后再试 10 </canvas> 11 12 <script> 13 window.onload = function(){ 14 var canvas = document.getElementById("canvas"); 15 var ctx=canvas.getContext('2d'); 16 canvas.width = 800; 17 canvas.height = 800; 18 if(ctx.ellipse){ 19 ctx.ellipse(400,400,300,200,0,0,Math.PI*2); 20 ctx.fillStyle="#058"; 21 ctx.strokeStyle="#000"; 22 ctx.fill(); 23 ctx.stroke(); 24 }else{ 25 alert("no ellipse!"); 26 } 27 } 28 </script> 29 </body> 30 </html>
目前谷歌可以支持,其他浏览器还未存在ellipse();
下面这几种方法是我在网上看到的,在此也做个总结:
2.用参数方程绘制椭圆
//函数的参数x,y为椭圆中心;a,b分别为椭圆横半轴、
//纵半轴长度,不可同时为0
//该方法的缺点是,当lineWidth较宽,椭圆较扁时
//椭圆内部长轴端较为尖锐,不平滑,效率较低
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html> 3 <head lang="en"> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 <title>椭圆</title> 6 </head> 7 <body> 8 <canvas id="canvas" style="border:1px solid #aaa;display:block;margin:50px auto;"> 9 当前浏览器不支持Canvas,请更换浏览器后再试 10 </canvas> 11 <script> 12 var canvas = document.getElementById("canvas"); 13 canvas.width = 600; 14 canvas.height = 600; 15 var context = canvas.getContext("2d"); 16 context.lineWidth = 10; 17 context.strokeStyle="black"; 18 ParamEllipse(context, 130, 80, 100, 20); //椭圆 19 function ParamEllipse(context, x, y, a, b){ 20 //max是等于1除以长轴值a和b中的较大者 21 //i每次循环增加1/max,表示度数的增加 22 //这样可以使得每次循环所绘制的路径(弧线)接近1像素 23 var step = (a > b) ? 1 / a : 1 / b; 24 context.beginPath(); 25 context.moveTo(x + a, y); //从椭圆的左端点开始绘制 26 for (var i = 0; i < 2 * Math.PI; i += step) 27 { 28 //参数方程为x = a * cos(i), y = b * sin(i), 29 //参数为i,表示度数(弧度) 30 context.lineTo(x + a * Math.cos(i), y + b * Math.sin(i)); 31 } 32 context.closePath(); 33 context.stroke(); 34 }; 35 </script> 36 </body> 37 </html>
3.均匀压缩法绘制椭圆
//其方法是用arc方法绘制圆,结合scale进行
//横轴或纵轴方向缩放(均匀压缩)
//这种方法绘制的椭圆的边离长轴端越近越粗,长轴端点的线宽是正常值
//边离短轴越近、椭圆越扁越细,甚至产生间断,这是scale导致的结果
//这种缺点某些时候是优点,比如在表现环的立体效果(行星光环)时
//对于参数a或b为0的情况,这种方法不适用
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html> 3 <head lang="en"> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 <title>椭圆</title> 6 </head> 7 <body> 8 <canvas id="canvas" style="border:1px solid #aaa;display:block;margin:50px auto;"> 9 当前浏览器不支持Canvas,请更换浏览器后再试 10 </canvas> 11 <script> 12 var canvas = document.getElementById("canvas"); 13 canvas.width = 600; 14 canvas.height = 600; 15 var context = canvas.getContext("2d"); 16 context.lineWidth = 10; 17 context.strokeStyle="black"; 18 EvenCompEllipse(context, 130, 200, 100, 20); //椭圆 19 function EvenCompEllipse(context, x, y, a, b){ 20 context.save(); 21 //选择a、b中的较大者作为arc方法的半径参数 22 var r = (a > b) ? a : b; 23 var ratioX = a / r; //横轴缩放比率 24 var ratioY = b / r; //纵轴缩放比率 25 context.scale(ratioX, ratioY); //进行缩放(均匀压缩) 26 context.beginPath(); 27 //从椭圆的左端点开始逆时针绘制 28 context.moveTo((x + a) / ratioX, y / ratioY); 29 context.arc(x / ratioX, y / ratioY, r, 0, 2 * Math.PI); 30 context.closePath(); 31 context.stroke(); 32 context.restore(); 33 }; 34 </script> 35 </body> 36 </html>
纠正:上述方法也可以实现线条粗细一致的椭圆
只需要调整两句话的顺序(先恢复上下文状态,再描边)
context.stroke(); context.restore();
变为:
context.restore();
context.stroke();
4.使用三次贝塞尔曲线模拟椭圆1
//此方法也会产生当lineWidth较宽,椭圆较扁时,
//长轴端较尖锐,不平滑的现象
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html> 3 <head lang="en"> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 <title>椭圆</title> 6 </head> 7 <body> 8 <canvas id="canvas" style="border:1px solid #aaa;display:block;margin:50px auto;"> 9 当前浏览器不支持Canvas,请更换浏览器后再试 10 </canvas> 11 <script> 12 var canvas = document.getElementById("canvas"); 13 canvas.width = 600; 14 canvas.height = 600; 15 var context = canvas.getContext("2d"); 16 context.lineWidth = 10; 17 context.strokeStyle="black"; 18 BezierEllipse1(context, 470, 80, 100, 20); //椭圆 19 function BezierEllipse1(context, x, y, a, b){ 20 //关键是bezierCurveTo中两个控制点的设置 21 //0.5和0.6是两个关键系数(在本函数中为试验而得) 22 var ox = 0.5 * a, 23 oy = 0.6 * b; 24 context.save(); 25 context.translate(x, y); 26 context.beginPath(); 27 //从椭圆纵轴下端开始逆时针方向绘制 28 context.moveTo(0, b); 29 context.bezierCurveTo(ox, b, a, oy, a, 0); 30 context.bezierCurveTo(a, -oy, ox, -b, 0, -b); 31 context.bezierCurveTo(-ox, -b, -a, -oy, -a, 0); 32 context.bezierCurveTo(-a, oy, -ox, b, 0, b); 33 context.closePath(); 34 context.stroke(); 35 context.restore(); 36 }; 37 </script> 38 </body> 39 </html>
5.使用三次贝塞尔曲线模拟椭圆2
//此方法也会产生当lineWidth较宽,椭圆较扁时
//,长轴端较尖锐,不平滑的现象
//这种方法比前一个贝塞尔方法精确度高,但效率稍差
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html> 3 <head lang="en"> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 <title>椭圆</title> 6 </head> 7 <body> 8 <canvas id="canvas" style="border:1px solid #aaa;display:block;margin:50px auto;"> 9 当前浏览器不支持Canvas,请更换浏览器后再试 10 </canvas> 11 <script> 12 var canvas = document.getElementById("canvas"); 13 canvas.width = 600; 14 canvas.height = 600; 15 var context = canvas.getContext("2d"); 16 context.lineWidth = 10; 17 context.strokeStyle="black"; 18 BezierEllipse2(context, 470, 200, 100, 20); //椭圆 19 function BezierEllipse2(ctx, x, y, a, b){ 20 var k = .5522848, 21 ox = a * k, // 水平控制点偏移量 22 oy = b * k; // 垂直控制点偏移量</p> <p> ctx.beginPath(); 23 //从椭圆的左端点开始顺时针绘制四条三次贝塞尔曲线 24 ctx.moveTo(x - a, y); 25 ctx.bezierCurveTo(x - a, y - oy, x - ox, y - b, x, y - b); 26 ctx.bezierCurveTo(x + ox, y - b, x + a, y - oy, x + a, y); 27 ctx.bezierCurveTo(x + a, y + oy, x + ox, y + b, x, y + b); 28 ctx.bezierCurveTo(x - ox, y + b, x - a, y + oy, x - a, y); 29 ctx.closePath(); 30 ctx.stroke(); 31 }; 32 </script> 33 </body> 34 </html>
原文:https://blog.csdn.net/gao_xu_520/article/details/58588020