Sping-Spring JDBC框架

JDBC框架概述

在使用普通的JDBC数据库时,就会很麻烦的写不必要的代码来处理异常,打开和关闭数据库连接等。但Spring JDBC框架负责所有的底层细节,从开始打开连接,准备和执行SQL语句,处理异常,处理事务,都最后的关闭连接。

所以当从数据库中获取数据时,你所要做的就是定义连接参数,指定要执行的SQL语句,每次迭代完成所需的工作。

Spring JDBC提供几种方法和数据库中相应的不同的类与接口。JdbcTemplate类框架是最经典和最受欢迎的方法,也是管理所有数据库通信和异常处理的中央框架类。

JdbcTemplate框架

JdbcTemplate类执行SQL查询,更新语句和存储过程调用,执行迭代结果集合提取返回参数值。它也捕获JDBC异常并转换它们到org.springframework.dao包中定义的通用类,更多的信息,异常层次结构。

JdbcTemplate类的实例是线程安全配置的。所以你可以配置JdbcTemplate的单个实例,然后将这个共享的引用安全的注入到多个DAOs中,使用 JdbcTemplate 类时常见的做法是在你的 Spring 配置文件中配置数据源,然后共享数据源 bean 依赖注入到 DAO 类中,并在数据源的设值函数中创建了 JdbcTemplate。

配置数据源

在数据库springtest中创建一个数据表Student。本文使用MySQL数据库。

DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS springtest;
CREATE DATABASE springtest;
CREATE TABLE Student(
 id INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
 NAME VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
 age INT NOT NULL
);

现在,我们需要提供一个数据源到JdbcTemplate中,所以它可以配置本身来获得数据库访问,你可以在XML文件中配置数据源,其中一段代码如下所示:

<bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.dataSource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://10.0.10.33:3306/springtest"></property>
        <property name="username" value="root"></property>
        <property name="password" value="123456"></property>
    </bean>

数据访问对象(DAO)

DAO代表常用的数据库交互的数据库访问对象。DAOs提供一种方法来读取数据并将数据写入数据库中,它们应该通过一个接口显示此功能,应用程序的其余部分访问它们。

在Spring中,数据访问对象(DAO)支持很容易用统一的方法使用数据访问技术,如JDBC,Hibernate,JPA或者JDO。

Spring JDBC示例

创建实体类Student.java

Student.java

package com.fpc.JdbcTemplate;

public class Student {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    
    
}

创建数据访问对象接口文件StudentDAO.java文件:

StudentDAO.java

package com.fpc.JdbcTemplate.Dao;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

import com.fpc.JdbcTemplate.Entity.Student;

import java.util.List;

public interface StudentDao {
    public void setDataSource(DataSource ds);
    
    //CRUD-C
    public void create(String name,Integer age);
    
    //CRUD-R
    public void getStudent(Integer id);
    public List<Student> listStudents();
    
    //CRUD-U
    public void update(Integer id ,String name, Integer age);
    
    //CRUD-D
    public void delete(Integer id);
}

创建数据库表与实体类的映射类StudentMapper.java文件

StudentMapper.java

package com.fpc.JdbcTemplate.Mapper;

import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;

import com.fpc.JdbcTemplate.Entity.Student;

public class StudentMapper implements RowMapper<Student> {

    @Override
    public Student mapRow(ResultSet resultSet, int rowNum) throws SQLException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        Student student = new Student();
        student.setId(resultSet.getInt("id"));
        student.setName(resultSet.getString("name"));
        student.setAge(resultSet.getInt("age"));
        return student;
    }

}

StudentDao接口的实现类StudentJDBCTemplate.java

StudentJDBCTemplate.java

package com.fpc.JdbcTemplate.DaoImpl;

import java.util.List;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

import com.fpc.JdbcTemplate.Dao.StudentDao;
import com.fpc.JdbcTemplate.Entity.Student;
import com.fpc.JdbcTemplate.Mapper.StudentMapper;

public class StudentJDBCTemplate implements StudentDao {
    private DataSource dataSource;
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
    @Override
    public void setDataSource(DataSource ds) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        dataSource = ds;
        jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemple(dataSource);
    }

    @Override
    public void create(String name, Integer age) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        String sql = "insert into Student (name,age) values(?,?)";
        jdbcTemplate.update(sql,name,age);
    }

    @Override
    public Student getStudent(Integer id) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        String sql = "select * from Student where id = ?";
        Student student = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, new Object[] {id},new StudentMapper());
        return student;
    }

    @Override
    public List<Student> listStudents() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        String sql = "select * from Student";
        List<Student> students = jdbcTemplate.query(sql,new StudentMapper());
        return students;
    }

    @Override
    public void update(Integer id, String name, Integer age) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        String sql = "update Student set name = ? ,age = ? where id = ?";
        jdbcTemplate.update(sql,name,age,id);
    }

    @Override
    public void delete(Integer id) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        String sql = "delete from Student where id = ?";
        jdbcTemplate.update(sql,id);

    }

}

编写测试类StudentJDBCTemplateTest.java

package com.fpc.JdbcTemplate.Test;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.fpc.JdbcTemplate.DaoImpl.StudentJDBCTemplate;
import com.fpc.JdbcTemplate.Entity.Student;

public class StudentJDBCTemplateTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Beans.xml");
        StudentJDBCTemplate studentJDBCTemplate = (StudentJDBCTemplate) context.getBean("studentJDBCTemplate");
        
        //测试create功能
        studentJDBCTemplate.create("fpc", 23);
    }
}

Bean.xml的完整代码:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
     <bean id="dataSource" 
      class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
      <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
      <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://10.0.10.33:3306/springtest"/>
      <property name="username" value="root"/>
      <property name="password" value="123456"/>
   </bean>
     <!-- Definition for studentJDBCTemplate bean -->
   <bean id="studentJDBCTemplate" 
      class="com.fpc.JdbcTemplate.DaoImpl.StudentJDBCTemplate">
      <property name="dataSource"  ref="dataSource" />    
   </bean>
</beans>

测试插入功能:

//测试create功能
studentJDBCTemplate.create("fpc", 23);

查看数据库中的结果:

测试getStudent功能

//测试getStudent功能
        Student student = studentJDBCTemplate.getStudent(1);
        System.out.println("student'id : " + student.getId() + " student'name : " + student.getName() + " student'age : " + student.getAge());

运行结果:

测试update功能:

//测试update功能
        System.out.println("before update: ");
        Student student = studentJDBCTemplate.getStudent(1);
        System.out.println("student'id : " + student.getId() + " student'name : " + student.getName() + " student'age : " + student.getAge());
        System.out.println("after update: ");
        studentJDBCTemplate.update(1, "fpc", 24);
        Student student1 = studentJDBCTemplate.getStudent(1);
        System.out.println("student'id : " + student1.getId() + " student'name : " + student1.getName() + " student'age : " + student1.getAge());

测试listStudents功能:

//测试listStudent功能
        studentJDBCTemplate.create("Lily", 25);
        List<Student> list = studentJDBCTemplate.listStudents();
        for (Student student : list ) {
            System.out.println("student'id : " + student.getId() + " student'name : " + student.getName() + " student'age : " + student.getAge());
        }

测试delete功能:

//测试delete功能
        System.out.println("before delete: ");
        List<Student> list1 = studentJDBCTemplate.listStudents();
        for (Student student : list1 ) {
            System.out.println("student'id : " + student.getId() + " student'name : " + student.getName() + " student'age : " + student.getAge());
        }
        studentJDBCTemplate.delete(1);
        
        System.out.println("after delete: ");
        List<Student> list = studentJDBCTemplate.listStudents();
        for (Student student : list ) {
            System.out.println("student'id : " + student.getId() + " student'name : " + student.getName() + " student'age : " + student.getAge());
        }

运行结果:

posted @ 2017-11-24 15:14  起床oO  阅读(265)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报