Android_四大组件之Activity
一、概述
Activity是应用组件,提供了用户交互的窗口。一个应用由多个彼此联系的Activity组成。它大多数情况是全屏窗口显示,也可以作为悬浮窗口 或者 多窗口模式。
注:以下所有流程图片均来自Android官网。
二、生命周期
图1
上图(图1) 很清晰的显示了Activity的整个生命周期。
onCreate():首次创建Activity时调用,执行所有正常静态设置 -创建视图等,接收系统传过来的Bundle 对象(可以包含上个Activity的状态等参数),后面一定时onStart();
onStart(): 在Activity对用户可见之前调用。 如果Activity转为前台,则后续跟onResume(), 转入后台隐藏则调用onStop();
onResume(): Activity对用户可见 并在可交互之前调用。此时,Activity 处于 Activity 堆栈的顶层,并具有用户输入焦点。
onPause(): 当系统即将开始继续另一个 Activity 时调用,当前Activity失去焦点。
onStop():在 Activity 对用户不再可见时调用;
onDestory():Activity被销毁前调用。
Activity生命周期有3给对应的过程:
1.整个生命周期:从onCreate()到onDestory(), 从创建到销毁,从资源申请到释放。
2.可见生命周期:从onStart()到onStop(),这个过程对用户时可见的。在调用这两个方法之间保留向用户显示 Activity 所需的资源。
3.前台生命周期:从onResume()到onPause(),在这段时间,Activity 位于屏幕上的所有其他 Activity 之前,并具有用户输入焦点。
举个例子:
这里有3个Activity, MainActivity, SecondActivity,ThirdActiivity. MainActiivty中一个按钮跳转到SecondActivity,同样SecondActivity中仅有一个按钮跳转到ThirdActivity.
下面是MainActivity和SecondActivity的具体代码
import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Bundle; import android.util.Log; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; public class MainActivity extends Activity { final private static String TAG = "MainActivity_flx"; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); Log.d(TAG, "MainActivity onCreate: "); Button to2btn = findViewById(R.id.to_second_activity_btn); to2btn.setOnClickListener( new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, SecondActivity.class); startActivity(intent); } } ); } @Override protected void onStart() { Log.d(TAG, "MainActivity onStart: "); super.onStart(); }
@Override protected void onRestart() { Log.d( TAG, "MainActivity onRestart: " ); super.onRestart(); } @Override protected void onResume() { Log.d(TAG, "MainActivity onResume: "); super.onResume(); } @Override protected void onPause() { Log.d(TAG, "MainActivity onPause: "); super.onPause(); } @Override protected void onStop() { Log.d(TAG, "MainActivity onStop: "); super.onStop(); } @Override protected void onDestroy() { Log.d(TAG, "MainActivity onDestroy: "); super.onDestroy(); } }
import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Bundle; import android.util.Log; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; public class SecondActivity extends Activity { final private static String TAG = "SecondActivity_flx"; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_second); Log.d( TAG, "SecondActivity onCreate: " ); Button to3btn = findViewById( R.id.to_third_btn ); to3btn.setOnClickListener( new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { Intent intent = new Intent(SecondActivity.this, ThirdActivity.class); startActivity(intent); } } ); } @Override protected void onStart() { Log.d( TAG, "SecondActivity onStart: " ); super.onStart(); }
@Override protected void onRestart() { Log.d( TAG, "SecondActivity onRestart: " ); super.onRestart(); } @Override protected void onResume() { Log.d( TAG, "SecondActivity onResume: " ); super.onResume(); } @Override protected void onPause() { Log.d( TAG, "SecondActivity onPause: " ); super.onPause(); } @Override protected void onStop() { Log.d( TAG, "SecondActivity onStop: " ); super.onStop(); } @Override protected void onDestroy() { Log.d( TAG, "SecondActivity onDestroy: " ); super.onDestroy(); } }
下面是一些操作的log,仔细看下就能理解上面的生命周期变化了。
2019-08-08 20:11:46.248 26210-26210/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onCreate: 2019-08-08 20:11:46.269 26210-26210/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onStart: 2019-08-08 20:11:46.271 26210-26210/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onResume: ---MainActivity刚启动: MainActivity依次执行了onCreate(),onStart(),onResume 2019-08-08 20:12:36.464 26210-26210/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onPause: 2019-08-08 20:12:36.571 26210-26210/com.flx.testactivity D/SecondActivity_flx: SecondActivity onCreate: 2019-08-08 20:12:36.587 26210-26210/com.flx.testactivity D/SecondActivity_flx: SecondActivity onStart: 2019-08-08 20:12:36.589 26210-26210/com.flx.testactivity D/SecondActivity_flx: SecondActivity onResume: 2019-08-08 20:12:37.202 26210-26210/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onStop: ---MainAcivity点击跳转到SecondActivity: MainActivity是onPause()->onStop(),失去焦点,SecondActivity启动(如同MainActivity启动) 2019-08-08 20:13:45.641 26210-26210/com.flx.testactivity D/SecondActivity_flx: SecondActivity onPause: 2019-08-08 20:13:45.664 26210-26210/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onRestart: 2019-08-08 20:13:45.666 26210-26210/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onStart: 2019-08-08 20:13:45.668 26210-26210/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onResume: 2019-08-08 20:13:46.214 26210-26210/com.flx.testactivity D/SecondActivity_flx: SecondActivity onStop: 2019-08-08 20:13:46.218 26210-26210/com.flx.testactivity D/SecondActivity_flx: SecondActivity onDestroy: ---按返回键从SecondActivity回到MainActivity 2019-08-08 20:14:51.038 26210-26210/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onPause: 2019-08-08 20:14:51.787 26210-26210/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onStop: 2019-08-08 20:14:51.793 26210-26210/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onDestroy: ---再按返回键。由于是第一个Activity,返回栈最后一个,所以应用退出(下面有讲到)。 2019-08-08 20:16:41.672 26210-26210/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onCreate: 2019-08-08 20:16:41.688 26210-26210/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onStart: 2019-08-08 20:16:41.690 26210-26210/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onResume: ---启动应用,进入MainActivity
2019-08-08 20:17:42.492 26210-26210/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onPause: 2019-08-08 20:17:42.568 26210-26210/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onStop: ---按Home键,回到桌面。Activity状态 2019-08-08 20:18:22.765 26210-26210/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onRestart: 2019-08-08 20:18:22.783 26210-26210/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onStart: 2019-08-08 20:18:22.784 26210-26210/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onResume: ---回到应用 2019-08-08 20:18:43.950 26210-26210/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onPause: 2019-08-08 20:18:44.014 26210-26210/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onStop: 2019-08-08 20:18:45.591 26210-26210/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onDestroy: ---通过最近任务栏直接关闭应用。
三、任务(Task)和返回栈(Back stack)
Task: 任务是指在执行特定功能操作时与用户交互的一系列 Activity。 这些 Activity 按照各自的打开顺序排列在堆栈(即返回栈)中。
eg:可以是同一个应用,如短信中列表,点击进入查看具体的,里面有各种操作;也可以不同应用的Activity,如短信里需要发邮件,则启动调用email的应用
Back stack: 一个任务的所有Activities依次会放到一个堆栈中,这个stack就是Back stack 。
返回栈遵循“后进先出”,当新的Activity被创建后,新的Activity会放到堆栈顶部并获取焦点,之前的Activity会被压入堆栈下一层,但保留用户界面状态。当按返回键时,最上层的Activity会被弹出并销毁,下面的Activity重新弹出到堆栈顶部并显示。
图2
图2 就表明了这一过程,一个任务中,新的Activity被创建时如何加入到back stack中的。当用户按返回键后,当前的Activity会被销毁(destory),之前的Actvity会重新回到顶端(Resume)。如生命周期部分中的log的 红色部分显示的过程。
当用户开始新的任务时,之前的任务转入后台,任务返回栈中的所有Activity处于Stop状态 失去焦点,但返回栈保持不变,等待恢复返回前台。
图3
四、常见使用
1.启动:
(1)AndroidManifest.xml中声明(必须的),Activity最少包含android:name属性,Activity的名字,包含路径。
<intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> ---程序主入口 <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> ---和上面一起则能在启动器中显示的入口即能看到的图标 </intent-filter>
一个程序可以有多个入口和图标。
(2)代码中启动:
以startActivity(intent)最简单的为例(其他参考api)。
intent构造时有多种参数方式,常见的几个
1.Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, SecondActivity.class); 2.Intent intent = new Intent("xxxaction"); 3.Intent intent = new Intent(); ComponentName com = new ComponentName("com.example.pkgname","com.example.testcomponent.MyActivity"); intent.setComponent(com); 。。。
2.启动模式(简单说明)
Manifest配置,是Activity下的android:launchMode属性,有4中模式,具体入下。
配合简单示例说明,上述代码简单修改,MainActivity一个按钮启动SecondActivity, SecondActivity一个按钮启动MainActivity。
具体代码如下:MainActivity
import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Bundle; import android.util.Log; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; public class MainActivity extends Activity { final private static String TAG = "MainActivity_flx"; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); Log.d(TAG, "MainActivity onCreate: "); Button to2btn = findViewById(R.id.to_second_activity_btn); to2btn.setOnClickListener( new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { Intent intent = new Intent( MainActivity.this, SecondActivity.class ); startActivity( intent ); } } ); } @Override protected void onStart() { Log.d(TAG, "MainActivity onStart: "); super.onStart(); } @Override protected void onRestart() { Log.d( TAG, "MainActivity onRestart: " ); super.onRestart(); } @Override protected void onResume() { Log.d(TAG, "MainActivity onResume: "); super.onResume(); } @Override protected void onPause() { Log.d(TAG, "MainActivity onPause: "); super.onPause(); } @Override protected void onStop() { Log.d(TAG, "MainActivity onStop: "); super.onStop(); } @Override protected void onDestroy() { Log.d(TAG, "MainActivity onDestroy: "); super.onDestroy(); } @Override protected void onNewIntent(Intent intent) { Log.d( TAG, "MainActivity onNewIntent: " ); super.onNewIntent( intent ); } }
SecondActivity
import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Bundle; import android.util.Log; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; public class SecondActivity extends Activity { final private static String TAG = "SecondActivity_flx"; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_second); Log.d( TAG, "SecondActivity onCreate: " ); Button toMainBtn = findViewById( R.id.to_main_btn ); toMainBtn.setOnClickListener( new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { Intent intent = new Intent(SecondActivity.this, MainActivity.class); startActivity(intent); } } ); } @Override protected void onStart() { Log.d( TAG, "SecondActivity onStart: " ); super.onStart(); } @Override protected void onRestart() { Log.d( TAG, "SecondActivity onRestart: " ); super.onRestart(); } @Override protected void onResume() { Log.d( TAG, "SecondActivity onResume: " ); super.onResume(); } @Override protected void onPause() { Log.d( TAG, "SecondActivity onPause: " ); super.onPause(); } @Override protected void onStop() { Log.d( TAG, "SecondActivity onStop: " ); super.onStop(); } @Override protected void onDestroy() { Log.d( TAG, "SecondActivity onDestroy: " ); super.onDestroy(); } @Override protected void onNewIntent(Intent intent) { Log.d( TAG, "SecondActivity onNewIntent: " ); super.onNewIntent( intent ); } }
设置MainActivity的模式,两种启动方式了解不同模式 如何创建实例的。一种通过SecondActivity再启动,一种通过adb启动(模拟其他任务启动)
adb shell am start -n com.flx.testactivity/.MainActivity
(1).standard: 0
默认模式,未指定的话则是这种模式。 在任务中创建一个新的Activty实例(不管任务中是否存在)。
系统在启动 Activity 的任务中创建 Activity 的新实例并向其传送 Intent。Activity 可以多次实例化,而每个实例均可属于不同的任务,并且一个任务可以拥有多个实例。
但Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK,设置后在历史栈中Activity启动一个新任务。如果Activity的任务已运行,则新的Activity不会被创建,会将那个任务移动到屏幕最上层。
<activity android:name=".MainActivity"
android:launchMode="standard">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
看看下列操作的表现:
2019-08-09 10:17:51.066 9905-9905/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onCreate: 2019-08-09 10:17:51.085 9905-9905/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onStart: 2019-08-09 10:17:51.087 9905-9905/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onResume: ---启动MainActivity,创建实例 2019-08-09 10:17:55.498 9905-9905/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onPause: 2019-08-09 10:17:55.605 9905-9905/com.flx.testactivity D/SecondActivity_flx: SecondActivity onCreate: 2019-08-09 10:17:55.620 9905-9905/com.flx.testactivity D/SecondActivity_flx: SecondActivity onStart: 2019-08-09 10:17:55.622 9905-9905/com.flx.testactivity D/SecondActivity_flx: SecondActivity onResume: 2019-08-09 10:17:56.241 9905-9905/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onStop: ---进入SecondActivity 2019-08-09 10:17:58.075 9905-9905/com.flx.testactivity D/SecondActivity_flx: SecondActivity onPause: 2019-08-09 10:17:58.159 9905-9905/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onCreate: 2019-08-09 10:17:58.174 9905-9905/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onStart: 2019-08-09 10:17:58.175 9905-9905/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onResume: 2019-08-09 10:17:58.778 9905-9905/com.flx.testactivity D/SecondActivity_flx: SecondActivity onStop: ---SecondActivity中启动MainActivity,再次创建了实例。 2019-08-09 10:18:26.159 9905-9905/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onPause: 2019-08-09 10:18:26.246 9905-9905/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onStop: ---Home键回到桌面 2019-08-09 10:24:27.891 9905-9905/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onCreate: 2019-08-09 10:24:27.904 9905-9905/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onStart: 2019-08-09 10:24:27.906 9905-9905/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onResume: ---adb启动MainActivity,再次创建了实例。(模拟其他任务启动的) 2019-08-09 10:25:11.043 9905-9905/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onPause: 2019-08-09 10:25:11.080 9905-9905/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onRestart: 2019-08-09 10:25:11.082 9905-9905/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onStart: 2019-08-09 10:25:11.084 9905-9905/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onResume: 2019-08-09 10:25:11.574 9905-9905/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onStop: 2019-08-09 10:25:11.577 9905-9905/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onDestroy: 2019-08-09 10:25:12.313 9905-9905/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onPause: 2019-08-09 10:25:12.330 9905-9905/com.flx.testactivity D/SecondActivity_flx: SecondActivity onRestart: 2019-08-09 10:25:12.333 9905-9905/com.flx.testactivity D/SecondActivity_flx: SecondActivity onStart: 2019-08-09 10:25:12.334 9905-9905/com.flx.testactivity D/SecondActivity_flx: SecondActivity onResume: 2019-08-09 10:25:12.873 9905-9905/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onStop: 2019-08-09 10:25:12.876 9905-9905/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onDestroy: 2019-08-09 10:25:13.221 9905-9905/com.flx.testactivity D/SecondActivity_flx: SecondActivity onPause: 2019-08-09 10:25:13.243 9905-9905/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onRestart: 2019-08-09 10:25:13.244 9905-9905/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onStart: 2019-08-09 10:25:13.246 9905-9905/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onResume: 2019-08-09 10:25:13.786 9905-9905/com.flx.testactivity D/SecondActivity_flx: SecondActivity onStop: 2019-08-09 10:25:13.789 9905-9905/com.flx.testactivity D/SecondActivity_flx: SecondActivity onDestroy: 2019-08-09 10:25:14.121 9905-9905/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onPause: 2019-08-09 10:25:14.807 9905-9905/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onStop: 2019-08-09 10:25:14.818 9905-9905/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onDestroy: ---连续按返回键退出应用,可以看到,按了4次。MainActivity被销毁了3次,即与创建实例次数符合。
从上述看得出,未有特殊处理,standard模式 都会创建一个新的实例。
(2).singleTop: 1
如果当前任务的Activity实例已经在前台存在了(栈顶),则不会被创建,通过调用onNewIntent()传intent。不会调用onCreate().
Activity 可以多次实例化,而每个实例均可属于不同的任务,并且一个任务可以拥有多个实例(但前提是位于返回栈顶部的 Activity 并不是 Activity 的现有实例,即Activity的实例不是位于栈顶)。
<activity android:name=".MainActivity"
android:launchMode="singleTop">
2019-08-09 10:47:15.226 11072-11072/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onCreate: 2019-08-09 10:47:15.246 11072-11072/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onStart: 2019-08-09 10:47:15.248 11072-11072/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onResume: ---启动MainActivity,创建实例 2019-08-09 10:47:37.641 11072-11072/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onPause: 2019-08-09 10:47:37.754 11072-11072/com.flx.testactivity D/SecondActivity_flx: SecondActivity onCreate: 2019-08-09 10:47:37.768 11072-11072/com.flx.testactivity D/SecondActivity_flx: SecondActivity onStart: 2019-08-09 10:47:37.770 11072-11072/com.flx.testactivity D/SecondActivity_flx: SecondActivity onResume: 2019-08-09 10:47:38.384 11072-11072/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onStop: ---进入SecondActivity 2019-08-09 10:47:57.322 11072-11072/com.flx.testactivity D/SecondActivity_flx: SecondActivity onPause: 2019-08-09 10:47:57.409 11072-11072/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onCreate: 2019-08-09 10:47:57.423 11072-11072/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onStart: 2019-08-09 10:47:57.425 11072-11072/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onResume: 2019-08-09 10:47:58.009 11072-11072/com.flx.testactivity D/SecondActivity_flx: SecondActivity onStop: ---SecondActivity中启动MainActivity,再次创建了实例。 2019-08-09 10:52:54.954 11072-11072/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onPause: 2019-08-09 10:52:54.955 11072-11072/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onNewIntent: 2019-08-09 10:52:54.956 11072-11072/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onResume: ---adb启动MainActivity,未创建新的实例(MainActivity在栈顶),调用的onNewIntent 2019-08-09 10:53:39.465 11072-11072/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onPause: 2019-08-09 10:53:39.493 11072-11072/com.flx.testactivity D/SecondActivity_flx: SecondActivity onRestart: 2019-08-09 10:53:39.495 11072-11072/com.flx.testactivity D/SecondActivity_flx: SecondActivity onStart: 2019-08-09 10:53:39.496 11072-11072/com.flx.testactivity D/SecondActivity_flx: SecondActivity onResume: 2019-08-09 10:53:40.069 11072-11072/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onStop: 2019-08-09 10:53:40.073 11072-11072/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onDestroy: ---返回键,回到了SecondActivity。MainActivity被销毁 2019-08-09 10:54:49.360 11072-11072/com.flx.testactivity D/SecondActivity_flx: SecondActivity onPause: 2019-08-09 10:54:49.426 11072-11072/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onCreate: 2019-08-09 10:54:49.432 11072-11072/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onStart: 2019-08-09 10:54:49.434 11072-11072/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onResume: 2019-08-09 10:54:50.029 11072-11072/com.flx.testactivity D/SecondActivity_flx: SecondActivity onStop: ---adb启动MainActivity,创建了实例(因为MainActivity不在栈顶了) 2019-08-09 10:57:10.530 11072-11072/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onPause: 2019-08-09 10:57:10.550 11072-11072/com.flx.testactivity D/SecondActivity_flx: SecondActivity onRestart: 2019-08-09 10:57:10.552 11072-11072/com.flx.testactivity D/SecondActivity_flx: SecondActivity onStart: 2019-08-09 10:57:10.553 11072-11072/com.flx.testactivity D/SecondActivity_flx: SecondActivity onResume: 2019-08-09 10:57:11.120 11072-11072/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onStop: 2019-08-09 10:57:11.126 11072-11072/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onDestroy: 2019-08-09 10:57:11.232 11072-11072/com.flx.testactivity D/SecondActivity_flx: SecondActivity onPause: 2019-08-09 10:57:11.252 11072-11072/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onRestart: 2019-08-09 10:57:11.255 11072-11072/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onStart: 2019-08-09 10:57:11.256 11072-11072/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onResume: 2019-08-09 10:57:11.794 11072-11072/com.flx.testactivity D/SecondActivity_flx: SecondActivity onStop: 2019-08-09 10:57:11.797 11072-11072/com.flx.testactivity D/SecondActivity_flx: SecondActivity onDestroy: 2019-08-09 10:57:11.971 11072-11072/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onPause: 2019-08-09 10:57:12.694 11072-11072/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onStop: 2019-08-09 10:57:12.698 11072-11072/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onDestroy: ---返回退出,这里销毁了2次,符合的。(总创建3个实例,销毁3次)
从上述可以看出,singleTop模式,Activity处于栈顶时不会创建实例,会调用onNewIntent()。当不处于栈顶时,则是会创建新的实例。
(3).singleTask: 2
如果已存在该Activity实例的任务,则会将该任务放到前台,调用onNewIntent()传intent.
<activity android:name=".MainActivity"
android:launchMode="singleTask">
2019-08-09 11:15:50.334 12920-12920/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onCreate: 2019-08-09 11:15:50.352 12920-12920/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onStart: 2019-08-09 11:15:50.355 12920-12920/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onResume: ---启动MainActivity,创建实例 2019-08-09 11:15:54.858 12920-12920/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onPause: 2019-08-09 11:15:54.984 12920-12920/com.flx.testactivity D/SecondActivity_flx: SecondActivity onCreate: 2019-08-09 11:15:54.998 12920-12920/com.flx.testactivity D/SecondActivity_flx: SecondActivity onStart: 2019-08-09 11:15:55.000 12920-12920/com.flx.testactivity D/SecondActivity_flx: SecondActivity onResume: 2019-08-09 11:15:55.615 12920-12920/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onStop: ---进入SecondActivity 2019-08-09 11:16:16.334 12920-12920/com.flx.testactivity D/SecondActivity_flx: SecondActivity onPause: 2019-08-09 11:16:16.359 12920-12920/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onNewIntent: 2019-08-09 11:16:16.360 12920-12920/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onRestart: 2019-08-09 11:16:16.361 12920-12920/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onStart: 2019-08-09 11:16:16.363 12920-12920/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onResume: 2019-08-09 11:16:16.913 12920-12920/com.flx.testactivity D/SecondActivity_flx: SecondActivity onStop: 2019-08-09 11:16:16.917 12920-12920/com.flx.testactivity D/SecondActivity_flx: SecondActivity onDestroy: ---SecondActivity中启动MainActivity,未创建实例,调用onNewIntent。SecondActivity被销毁。 2019-08-09 11:18:30.055 12920-12920/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onPause: 2019-08-09 11:18:30.056 12920-12920/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onNewIntent: 2019-08-09 11:18:30.056 12920-12920/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onResume: ---adb启动MainActivity,未创建实例,调用onNewIntent 2019-08-09 11:19:07.607 12920-12920/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onPause: 2019-08-09 11:19:08.334 12920-12920/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onStop: 2019-08-09 11:19:08.338 12920-12920/com.flx.testactivity D/MainActivity_flx: MainActivity onDestroy: ---返回键退出。
从上述看到,singleTask模式,仅仅一个实例,如果存在都不会创建实例。
下图图4 显示了如何将启动模式为“singleTask”的 Activity 添加到返回栈。 如果 Activity 已经是某个拥有自己的返回栈的后台任务的一部分,则整个返回栈也会上移到当前任务的顶部。
所以,如果启动的SingleTask模式的Activity不在Task的顶部,整个Task的back stack移到前台,而处于该Activity前面的Activity则都会被弹出销毁。如上面log中启动已有的MainActivity,SecondActivity被销毁了。
图4
(4).singleInstance: 3
只允许一个实例,独占整个任务。创建时 如果存在了,则将他所在的任务调到前台。
类似singleTask,只是它的任务中不包含任何其他Activity,singleInstance的Activity独占整个个Task,其他和singleTask一样。
3.Intent过滤器
Activity满足一定条件,系统才会像Activity发送特定intent。
(1).操作:<action>
如果不包含任何action,则不接受任何Intent.
eg:<action android:name="com.example.project.TRANSMOGRIFY" />
TRANSMOGRIFY操作,最好包含包名,确保唯一性。
(2).数据:<data>
<data android:scheme="string"
android:host="string"
android:port="string"
android:path="string"
android:pathPattern="string"
android:pathPrefix="string"
android:mimeType="string" />
数据规范检测。引用待操作数据和/或该数据 MIME 类型的 URI(Uri
对象)
(3).类别:<category>
一个包含应处理 Intent 组件类型的附加信息的字符串。
eg:<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> ---前面的,在系统启动器中列表中显示的。
android.intent.category.BROWSABLE ---允许本身通过网络浏览器启动,如邮件中的链接点击后 则请求包含该类别的应用。