探讨C++实现一个不可被继承的类
C#和Java都提供了一种机制让一个类不能被继承,如C#中的sealed关键字和Java的final关键字,然而C++程序员就没这么好命了.不过C++也可以模拟出这种效果,原理基于:子类的构造函数会自动调用父类的构造函数,同理析构函数也是一样.如果父类的构造函数和析构函数被设为私有的话,那么子类就无法调用,也就达到了父类不可被继承的目的了。原理很简单,按此原理我也实作出一个自认为很实用的工具类,在此献下丑,欢迎大家批评:
template< typename TDerive, typename TProvider >
class CFobidDeriveProviderBase
{
friend TDerive;
friend TProvider;
private:
CFobidDeriveProviderBase(){}
~CFobidDeriveProviderBase(){}
};
/*
* 提供禁止派生的功能,需要此功能的类可以从CFobidDeriveProvider派生,并将类名作为模板参数传递
*/
template< typename TDerive >
class CFobidDeriveProvider : virtual public CFobidDeriveProviderBase< TDerive, CFobidDeriveProvider<TDerive>>
{
public:
CFobidDeriveProvider(){}
~CFobidDeriveProvider(){}
};
/*
* 测试类,该类不可被继承
*/
class CNoDerive : public CFobidDeriveProvider< CNoDerive >
{
public:
CNoDerive(){}
~CNoDerive(){}
void Alert()
{
AtlMessageBox( NULL, _T("Alert") );
}
};
class CFobidDeriveProviderBase
{
friend TDerive;
friend TProvider;
private:
CFobidDeriveProviderBase(){}
~CFobidDeriveProviderBase(){}
};
/*
* 提供禁止派生的功能,需要此功能的类可以从CFobidDeriveProvider派生,并将类名作为模板参数传递
*/
template< typename TDerive >
class CFobidDeriveProvider : virtual public CFobidDeriveProviderBase< TDerive, CFobidDeriveProvider<TDerive>>
{
public:
CFobidDeriveProvider(){}
~CFobidDeriveProvider(){}
};
/*
* 测试类,该类不可被继承
*/
class CNoDerive : public CFobidDeriveProvider< CNoDerive >
{
public:
CNoDerive(){}
~CNoDerive(){}
void Alert()
{
AtlMessageBox( NULL, _T("Alert") );
}
};
之所以将继承的结构分为2层:CFobidDeriveProvider和CFobidDeriveProviderBase,主要是方便使用,用户只需直接从CFobidDeriveProvider派生就可实现一个不可被继承的类,而不需要虚拟继承。
若有类从CNoDerive派生:
class CSomeDerive : public CNoDerive
{
public:
CSomeDerive(){}
~CSomeDerive(){}
};
CSomeDerive的构造函数调用过程如下:由于CFobidDeriveProvider是从CFobidDeriveProviderBase虚拟派生,在虚继承出现的继承层次中,总是在构造非虚基类之前构造虚基类,因而会跳过CNoDerive和CFobidDeriveProvider的构造函数而直接调用CFobidDeriveProviderBase的构造函数,但CSomeDerive不是CFobidDeriveProviderBase的友元,因此也无法调用CFobidDeriveProviderBase的私有构造函数.故而编译错误.
{
public:
CSomeDerive(){}
~CSomeDerive(){}
};