django API 接口 (CBV FBV)
前言
django api接口 有两种模式,一个是FBV,另一个是CBV。首要推荐的是CBV 模式。
FBV 模式的API 接口
使用函数,通过if/else 语句根据请求方法进行数据返回/接口。
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from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse import json from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt # Create your views here. @csrf_exempt #对此试图函数添加csrf装饰器,使得此函数的post请求免验证tooken def Asset(request): if request.method == "POST": info = json.loads(request.body.decode('utf-8')) print(info) return HttpResponse('收到了') else: host_list = ['c1.com', 'c2.com', 'c3.com'] return HttpResponse(json.dumps(host_list))
CBV 模式中的传统方式
cbv中遇到希望给方法添加普通的装饰器时
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urls.py from django.conf.urls import url from api import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^asset/$',views.AssetView.as_view()), ] views.py import json from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator from django.views import View class AssetView(View): """ 资产相关接口 """ @method_decorator(x1) #x1为希望添加的装饰器 def get(self,requset,*args,**kwargs): host_list = ['c1.com', 'c2.com', 'c3.com'] return HttpResponse(json.dumps(host_list)) @method_decorator(x2) def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs): info = json.loads(request.body.decode('utf-8')) print(info) return HttpResponse('收到了')
cbv中要给方法添加的装饰器为 csrf_exempt时的添加方法
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urls.py from django.conf.urls import url from api import views urlpatterns = [ # url(r'^asset/$',views.asset), url(r'^asset/$',views.AssetView.as_view()), ] views.py import json from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator from django.views import View # 方式一 @method_decorator(csrf_exempt,name='dispatch') class AssetView(View): #必须要继承View """ 资产相关接口 """ # 方式二(在get/post方法上面添加如下代码) # @method_decorator(csrf_exempt) # def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # return super().dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs) def get(self,requset,*args,**kwargs): host_list = ['c1.com', 'c2.com', 'c3.com'] return HttpResponse(json.dumps(host_list)) def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs): info = json.loads(request.body.decode('utf-8')) print(info) return HttpResponse('收到了')
CBV模式中的rest framework 方式
优点:1、 自动加 csrf_exempt 2、 页面变好看(替代Httprespose,返回更好的页面) 3、 自动反序列化(无需使用json 对数据进行dumps/loads)
先注册app在django 的settings.py 中
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INSTALLED_APPS = [ 'django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'rest_framework', ]
urls.py
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from django.conf.urls import url from api import views urlpatterns = [ # url(r'^asset/$',views.asset), url(r'^asset/$',views.AssetView.as_view()), ]
views.py
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from rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework.response import Response #无需添加csrf_exempt 内部已经做了处理 class AssetView(APIView): def get(self, requset, *args, **kwargs): host_list = ['c1.com', 'c2.com', 'c3.com'] # return HttpResponse(json.dumps(host_list)) #Response 返回数据时会把数据嵌套在注册的app rest_framewor中的模板中展示并返回给浏览器 return Response(host_list) def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): #无需数据解码,数据的反序列化 print(request.data) #json格式 return HttpResponse('收到了')
总结:
相比较而言,最推荐的是 rest framework 的CBV 模式,优点:1、 自动加 csrf_exempt 2、 页面变好看(替代Httprespose,返回更好的页面) 3、 自动反序列化(无需使用json 对数据进行dumps/loads)