SpringBoot（二）核心原理

SpringBoot

 1.自动装配原理：

在BeanFactoryPostProcessor实现类里面ConfigurationClassPostProcessor，实现自动装配

核心代码 ：

@Override
    public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
        int factoryId = System.identityHashCode(beanFactory);
        if (this.factoriesPostProcessed.contains(factoryId)) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                    "postProcessBeanFactory already called on this post-processor against " + beanFactory);
        }
        this.factoriesPostProcessed.add(factoryId);
        if (!this.registriesPostProcessed.contains(factoryId)) {
            // BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor hook apparently not supported...
            // Simply call processConfigurationClasses lazily at this point then.
            processConfigBeanDefinitions((BeanDefinitionRegistry) beanFactory);
        }
         //扫描相关注解类
        enhanceConfigurationClasses(beanFactory);
        beanFactory.addBeanPostProcessor(new ImportAwareBeanPostProcessor(beanFactory));
    }
//ConfigurationClassParser
doProcessConfigurationClass(configClass, sourceClass);

@Nullable
    protected final SourceClass doProcessConfigurationClass(ConfigurationClass configClass, SourceClass sourceClass)
            throws IOException {

        // Recursively process any member (nested) classes first
        processMemberClasses(configClass, sourceClass);

        // Process any @PropertySource annotations
        for (AnnotationAttributes propertySource : AnnotationConfigUtils.attributesForRepeatable(
                sourceClass.getMetadata(), PropertySources.class,
                org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource.class)) {
            if (this.environment instanceof ConfigurableEnvironment) {
                processPropertySource(propertySource);
            }
            else {
                logger.warn("Ignoring @PropertySource annotation on [" + sourceClass.getMetadata().getClassName() +
                        "]. Reason: Environment must implement ConfigurableEnvironment");
            }
        }

        // Process any @ComponentScan annotations
        //解析加了 @ComponentScan 只是将扫描的到类 存放到集合里面 这里不做具体的实例化工作
        Set<AnnotationAttributes> componentScans = AnnotationConfigUtils.attributesForRepeatable(
                sourceClass.getMetadata(), ComponentScans.class, ComponentScan.class);
        if (!componentScans.isEmpty() &&
                !this.conditionEvaluator.shouldSkip(sourceClass.getMetadata(), ConfigurationPhase.REGISTER_BEAN)) {
            for (AnnotationAttributes componentScan : componentScans) {
                // The config class is annotated with @ComponentScan -> perform the scan immediately
            //解析 @scan到的bean
                Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> scannedBeanDefinitions =
                        this.componentScanParser.parse(componentScan, sourceClass.getMetadata().getClassName());
                // Check the set of scanned definitions for any further config classes and parse recursively if needed
                for (BeanDefinitionHolder holder : scannedBeanDefinitions) {
                    if (ConfigurationClassUtils.checkConfigurationClassCandidate(
                            holder.getBeanDefinition(), this.metadataReaderFactory)) {
                        parse(holder.getBeanDefinition().getBeanClassName(), holder.getBeanName());
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        // Process any @Import annotations
        //configClass 是指启动类 就是
        /**
         * @SpringBootApplication
         * public class SpringbootSourceApplication
         * 收集 @import 中指定的类，并且创建 import指定类对象
         * 如：@Import({ InstA.class, RegisterBean.class,SelectImportBeanDemo.class,ImportClassBeanDemo.class})
         * @Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
         * public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration 
         */
        processImports(configClass, sourceClass, getImports(sourceClass), true);

        // Process any @ImportResource annotations
        AnnotationAttributes importResource =
                AnnotationConfigUtils.attributesFor(sourceClass.getMetadata(), ImportResource.class);
        if (importResource != null) {
            String[] resources = importResource.getStringArray("locations");
            Class<? extends BeanDefinitionReader> readerClass = importResource.getClass("reader");
            for (String resource : resources) {
                String resolvedResource = this.environment.resolveRequiredPlaceholders(resource);
                configClass.addImportedResource(resolvedResource, readerClass);
            }
        }

        // Process individual @Bean methods
        Set<MethodMetadata> beanMethods = retrieveBeanMethodMetadata(sourceClass);
        for (MethodMetadata methodMetadata : beanMethods) {
            configClass.addBeanMethod(new BeanMethod(methodMetadata, configClass));
        }

        // Process default methods on interfaces
        processInterfaces(configClass, sourceClass);

        // Process superclass, if any
        if (sourceClass.getMetadata().hasSuperClass()) {
            String superclass = sourceClass.getMetadata().getSuperClassName();
            if (superclass != null && !superclass.startsWith("java") &&
                    !this.knownSuperclasses.containsKey(superclass)) {
                this.knownSuperclasses.put(superclass, configClass);
                // Superclass found, return its annotation metadata and recurse
                return sourceClass.getSuperClass();
            }
        }

        // No superclass -> processing is complete
        return null;
    }
//
private void processImports(ConfigurationClass configClass, SourceClass currentSourceClass,
            Collection<SourceClass> importCandidates, boolean checkForCircularImports) throws IOException {

        if (importCandidates.isEmpty()) {
            return;
        }

        if (checkForCircularImports && isChainedImportOnStack(configClass)) {
            this.problemReporter.error(new CircularImportProblem(configClass, this.importStack));
        }
        else {
            this.importStack.push(configClass);
            try {
                for (SourceClass candidate : importCandidates) {
                    if (candidate.isAssignable(ImportSelector.class)) {
                        // Candidate class is an ImportSelector -> delegate to it to determine imports
                        Class<?> candidateClass = candidate.loadClass();
                         //@import 中导入的类创建对象
                        ImportSelector selector = BeanUtils.instantiateClass(candidateClass, ImportSelector.class);
                        ParserStrategyUtils.invokeAwareMethods(
                                selector, this.environment, this.resourceLoader, this.registry);
                        if (this.deferredImportSelectors != null && selector instanceof DeferredImportSelector) {
                            this.deferredImportSelectors.add(
                                    new DeferredImportSelectorHolder(configClass, (DeferredImportSelector) selector));
                        }
                        else {
                          // AutoConfigurationImportSelector
                            String[] importClassNames = selector.selectImports(currentSourceClass.getMetadata());
                            Collection<SourceClass> importSourceClasses = asSourceClasses(importClassNames);

                            processImports(configClass, currentSourceClass, importSourceClasses, false);
                        }
                    }
                    else if (candidate.isAssignable(ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar.class)) {
                        // Candidate class is an ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar ->
                        // delegate to it to register additional bean definitions
                        Class<?> candidateClass = candidate.loadClass();
                        ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar registrar =
                                BeanUtils.instantiateClass(candidateClass, ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar.class);
                        ParserStrategyUtils.invokeAwareMethods(
                                registrar, this.environment, this.resourceLoader, this.registry);
                        configClass.addImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar(registrar, currentSourceClass.getMetadata());
                    }
                    else {
                        // Candidate class not an ImportSelector or ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar ->
                        // process it as an @Configuration class
                        // 处理 @Configuration
                        this.importStack.registerImport(
                                currentSourceClass.getMetadata(), candidate.getMetadata().getClassName());
                        processConfigurationClass(candidate.asConfigClass(configClass));
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (BeanDefinitionStoreException ex) {
                throw ex;
            }
            catch (Throwable ex) {
                throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(
                        "Failed to process import candidates for configuration class [" +
                        configClass.getMetadata().getClassName() + "]", ex);
            }
            finally {
                this.importStack.pop();
            }
        }
    }

@Override
    public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
        if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
            return NO_IMPORTS;
        }
        AutoConfigurationEntry autoConfigurationEntry = getAutoConfigurationEntry(annotationMetadata);
        return StringUtils.toStringArray(autoConfigurationEntry.getConfigurations());
    }
protected AutoConfigurationEntry getAutoConfigurationEntry(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
        if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
            return EMPTY_ENTRY;
        }
        AnnotationAttributes attributes = getAttributes(annotationMetadata);
        //获取Spring.factories 下面 EnableAutoConfiguration 的value 存放如list里面
        //扫描所有的spring.factories 文件 将 EnableAutoConfiguration 的value 都获取到并且存放到缓存里面
        List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);
        //移除重复的
        configurations = removeDuplicates(configurations);
        //获取排除的
        Set<String> exclusions = getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);
        checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);
        //从 获取到的自动装配类里面 移除 指定的排除类
        configurations.removeAll(exclusions);
        configurations = getConfigurationClassFilter().filter(configurations);
        fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);
        return new AutoConfigurationEntry(configurations, exclusions);
    }

@Override
    public Set<Object> determineImports(AnnotationMetadata metadata) {
        List<String> candidateConfigurations = getCandidateConfigurations(metadata, null);
        Set<String> result = new LinkedHashSet<>(candidateConfigurations);
        result.removeAll(getExclusions(metadata, null));
        return Collections.unmodifiableSet(result);
    }


    public static final String FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION = "META-INF/spring.factories";
private static Map<String, List<String>> loadSpringFactories(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
        MultiValueMap<String, String> result = cache.get(classLoader);
        if (result != null)
            return result;
        try {
            Enumeration<URL> urls = (classLoader != null ?
                    classLoader.getResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION) :
                    ClassLoader.getSystemResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION));
            result = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
            while (urls.hasMoreElements()) {
                URL url = urls.nextElement();
                UrlResource resource = new UrlResource(url);
                Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
                for (Map.Entry<?, ?> entry : properties.entrySet()) {
                    List<String> factoryClassNames = Arrays.asList(
                            StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray((String) entry.getValue()));
                    result.addAll((String) entry.getKey(), factoryClassNames);
                }
            }
            cache.put(classLoader, result);
            return result;
        }
        catch (IOException ex) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to load factories from location [" +
                    FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION + "]", ex);
        }
    }

 

2.内置tomcat

 onfresh()里面创建ServletWebServerApplicationContext.onRefresh创建Tomcat

ServletContainerInitializer
SpringServletContainerInitializer .onStartup

 

SpringApplicationRunListener：接口的作用主要就是在Spring Boot 启动初始化的过程中可以通过SpringApplicationRunListener接口回调来让用户在启动的各个流程中可以加入自己的逻辑

 

 

 

@SpringBootApplication annotation can be used to enable those three features, that is:

 

• @EnableAutoConfiguration: enable Spring Boot’s auto-configuration mechanism(扫描“spring.factories”文件，实现自动注册）
• @ComponentScan: enable @Component scan on the package where the application is located (see the best practices)等同于（<compan-scan/>扫描加上注解的类）
• @Configuration: allow to register extra beans in the context or import additional configuration classes等同于（spring中在spring.xml文件中 写一个<bean/>。bean注册及bean管理）

内置Tomcat

application annotation is equivalent to using @Configuration, @EnableAutoConfiguration, and @ComponentScan with their default attributes, as shown in the following example:

 

SpringBoot自动配置模块

该配置模块的主要使用到了SpringFactoriesLoader，即Spring工厂加载器，该对象提供了loadFactoryNames方法，入参为factoryClass和classLoader，即需要传入工厂类名称和对应的类加载器，方法会根据指定的classLoader，加载该类加器搜索路径下的指定文件，即spring.factories文件，传入的工厂类为接口，而文件中对应的类则是接口的实现类，或最终作为实现类，所以文件中一般为如下图这种一对多的类名集合，获取到这些实现类的类名后，loadFactoryNames方法返回类名集合，方法调用方得到这些集合后，再通过反射获取这些类的类对象、构造方法，最终生成实例。

 

SpringBoot自动化配置关键组件关系图

mybatis-spring-boot-starter、spring-boot-starter-web等组件的META-INF文件下均含有spring.factories文件，自动配置模块中，SpringFactoriesLoader收集到文件中的类全名并返回一个类全名的数组，返回的类全名通过反射被实例化，就形成了具体的工厂实例，工厂实例来生成组件具体需要的bean。

之前我们提到了EnableAutoConfiguration注解，其类图如下：

 

可以发现其最终实现了ImportSelector(选择器)和BeanClassLoaderAware(bean类加载器中间件)，重点关注一下AutoConfigurationImportSelector的selectImports方法。

 

 

MybatisAutoConfiguration

 在上面的代码可以看到自动配置器会根据传入的factoryClass.getName()到项目系统路径下所有的spring.factories文件中找到相应的key，从而加载里面的类。我们就选取这个mybatis-spring-boot-autoconfigure下的spring.factories文件

发现Spring的@Configuration，俨然是一个通过注解标注的springBean，继续向下看，

• @ConditionalOnClass({ SqlSessionFactory.class, SqlSessionFactoryBean.class})：当存在SqlSessionFactory.class, SqlSessionFactoryBean.class这两个类时才解析MybatisAutoConfiguration配置类，否则不解析这一个配置类，make sence，我们需要mybatis为我们返回会话对象，就必须有会话工厂相关类。

• @CondtionalOnBean(DataSource.class)：只有处理已经被声明为bean的dataSource。

• @ConditionalOnMissingBean(MapperFactoryBean.class)这个注解的意思是如果容器中不存在name指定的bean则创建bean注入，否则不执行（该类源码较长，篇幅限制不全粘贴）

以上配置可以保证sqlSessionFactory、sqlSessionTemplate、dataSource等mybatis所需的组件均可被自动配置，@Configuration注解已经提供了Spring的上下文环境，所以以上组件的配置方式与Spring启动时通过mybatis.xml文件进行配置起到一个效果。

通过分析我们可以发现，只要一个基于SpringBoot项目的类路径下存在SqlSessionFactory.class, SqlSessionFactoryBean.class，并且容器中已经注册了dataSourceBean，就可以触发自动化配置，意思说我们只要在maven的项目中加入了mybatis所需要的若干依赖，就可以触发自动配置，但引入mybatis原生依赖的话，每集成一个功能都要去修改其自动化配置类，那就得不到开箱即用的效果了。

 这里是截取的mybatis-spring-boot-starter的源码中pom.xml文件中所有依赖：

 

因为maven依赖的传递性，我们只要依赖starter就可以依赖到所有需要自动配置的类，实现开箱即用的功能。也体现出Springboot简化了Spring框架带来的大量XML配置以及复杂的依赖管理，让开发人员可以更加关注业务逻辑的开发。

 

 

SpringBoot 内置tomcat  

 

@SpringBootApplication->,@EnableAutoConfiguration->@ComponentScan,@EnableAutoConfiguration->AutoConfigurationImportSelector:selectImports（）

 

-getAutoConfigurationEntry（）->getCandidateConfigurations():

 

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\

 

autoconfig.jar 下面 spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.1.1.RELEASE.jar->spring.factories

 

 

ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration（生产出一个servlet容器））:

 

EmbeddedTomcat->TomcatServletWebServerFactory->getWebServer

 

public WebServer getWebServer(ServletContextInitializer... initializers) {
//等于创建了server 里面在添加Connector，host 等
        Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
        File baseDir = this.baseDirectory != null ? this.baseDirectory : this.createTempDir("tomcat");
        tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath());
        Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);
        tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);
        this.customizeConnector(connector);
        tomcat.setConnector(connector);
        tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);
        this.configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());
        Iterator var5 = this.additionalTomcatConnectors.iterator();

        while(var5.hasNext()) {
            Connector additionalConnector = (Connector)var5.next();
            tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector);
        }

        this.prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);
        return this.getTomcatWebServer(tomcat);
    }

 

Tomcat 在什么时候被创建的？

 

SpringApplication.run(SpringbootProviderApplication.class, args)->refreshContext()->onRefresh->

 

ServletWebServerApplicationContext->createWebServer()->

 

 protected void onRefresh() {
        super.onRefresh();

        try {
            this.createWebServer();
        } catch (Throwable var2) {
            throw new ApplicationContextException("Unable to start web server", var2);
        }
    }

 

  private void createWebServer() {
        WebServer webServer = this.webServer;
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        if (webServer == null && servletContext == null) {
          //在加载的时候getWebServerFactory 已经加载了
            ServletWebServerFactory factory = this.getWebServerFactory();
         //创建webServer  ServletWebServerFactory 有不同的实现类 如 tomcat ，jetty的
            this.webServer = factory.getWebServer(new ServletContextInitializer[]{this.getSelfInitializer()});
        } else if (servletContext != null) {
            try {
                this.getSelfInitializer().onStartup(servletContext);
            } catch (ServletException var4) {
                throw new ApplicationContextException("Cannot initialize servlet context", var4);
            }
        }

        this.initPropertySources();
    }

 

 

 

 

SpringApplication.run()

 

 

Spring Context   IOC 容器 （spring所有初始化的操作）

Listener

Filter

1.创建SpringApplication应用

 public SpringApplication(ResourceLoader resourceLoader, Class... primarySources) {
        this.sources = new LinkedHashSet();
        this.bannerMode = Mode.CONSOLE;
        this.logStartupInfo = true;
        this.addCommandLineProperties = true;
        this.addConversionService = true;
        this.headless = true;
        this.registerShutdownHook = true;
        this.additionalProfiles = new HashSet();
        this.isCustomEnvironment = false;
        this.resourceLoader = resourceLoader;
        Assert.notNull(primarySources, "PrimarySources must not be null");
        this.primarySources = new LinkedHashSet(Arrays.asList(primarySources));
       //判断web应用类型
        this.webApplicationType = WebApplicationType.deduceFromClasspath();
       //初始化
        this.setInitializers(this.getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationContextInitializer.class));
        //设计监听器 SpringFactories-> spring.factories文件
        this.setListeners(this.getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class));
        this.mainApplicationClass = this.deduceMainApplicationClass();
    }

# Application Listeners
org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.BackgroundPreinitializer

# Auto Configuration Import Listeners
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfigurationImportListener=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionEvaluationReportAutoConfigurationImportListener

2.run （以下源码删除了部分代码）

 public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
       
        ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
        Collection<SpringBootExceptionReporter> exceptionReporters = new ArrayList();
        this.configureHeadlessProperty();  
        Collection exceptionReporters;
        try {
            ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(args);
            ConfigurableEnvironment environment = this.prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments);
            this.configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment);
            //打印banner
            Banner printedBanner = this.printBanner(environment);
             // spring上下文
            context = this.createApplicationContext();
            exceptionReporters = this.getSpringFactoriesInstances(SpringBootExceptionReporter.class, new Class[]{ConfigurableApplicationContext.class}, context);
            this.prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner);
             // 在该方法中加载tomcat :AbstractApplicationContext->refresh——>onRefresh(创建web容器）
            this.refreshContext(context);
            this.afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
           
            if (this.logStartupInfo) {
                (new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)).logStarted(this.getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
            }

            listeners.started(context);
            this.callRunners(context, applicationArguments);
        } catch (Throwable var10) {
            this.handleRunFailure(context, var10, exceptionReporters, listeners);
            throw new IllegalStateException(var10);
        }

        try {
            listeners.running(context);
            return context;
        } catch (Throwable var9) {
            this.handleRunFailure(context, var9, exceptionReporters, (SpringApplicationRunListeners)null);
            throw new IllegalStateException(var9);
        }
    }

创建web容器即Tomcat

 protected void onRefresh() {
        super.onRefresh();

        try {
            this.createWebServer();
        } catch (Throwable var2) {
            throw new ApplicationContextException("Unable to start web server", var2);
        }
    }

spring-boot-starter?

 自己动手写个spring-boot-start