二进制文件方式安装kubernetes集群
所有操作全部用root使用者进行，高可用一般建议大于等于3台的奇数,我们使用3台master来做高可用
练习环境说明： 参考GitHub
master： kube-apiserver，kube-controller-manager，kube-scheduler，flanneld
node： kubelet，kube-proxy，flannel
Service_CIDR：10.254.0.0/16 服务网段，部署前路由不可达，部署后集群内部使用IP:Port可达
Cluster_CIDR：172.30.0.0/16 pod网段，部署前路由不可达，部署后路由可达(flanneld 保证)
| 主机名称 | IP地址 | 部署软件 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|
| k8s-m12 | 192.168.10.12 | keepalived+haproxy+etcd+master | master |
| k8s-m13 | 192.168.10.13 | keepalived+haproxy+etcd+master | master |
| k8s-m14 | 192.168.10.14 | keepalived+haproxy+etcd+master | master |
| k8s-n15 | 192.168.10.15 | node+docker | work |
| k8s-n16 | 192.168.10.16 | node+docker | work |
| VIP | 192.168.10.100 | VIP |
2.1、下载安装包
kubernetes的GitHub网址 ： https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/releases
下载Server Binaries中的 kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz 安装包
下载Node Binaries中的 kubernetes-node-linux-amd64.tar.gz 安装包
下载Client Binares中的 kubernetes-client-linux-amd64.tar.gz 安装包
k8s各版本组件下载地址
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/v1.14.3
#kubernetes
wget https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.14.3/kubernetes-node-linux-amd64.tar.gz
wget https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.14.3/kubernetes-client-linux-amd64.tar.gz
wget https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.14.3/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
wget https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.14.3/kubernetes.tar.gz
#etcd
wget https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.3.13/etcd-v3.3.13-linux-amd64.tar.gz
#flannel
wget https://github.com/coreos/flannel/releases/download/v0.11.0/flannel-v0.11.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
#cni-plugins
wget https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v0.8.1/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.1.tgz
#docker
wget https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-18.09.6.tgz
#cfssl
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
#heapster
wget https://github.com/kubernetes-retired/heapster/archive/v1.5.4.tar.gz
2.2、环境准备
#1.12机器上生成密钥，无密码ssh登陆
ssh-keygen -t rsa
ssh-copy-id 192.168.10.13 #依次拷贝到其他节点上
#2.关闭防火墙，以下点所有机器执行
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
#3.关闭swap分区
swapoff -a
sed -i '/ swap / s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab
#4.关闭SELinux
sestatus #查看selinux状态
setenforce 0 #临时关闭selinux
sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
#5.升级内核参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/fan-gx/p/11006762.html
#6.修改文件句柄数
cat <<EOF >>/etc/security/limits.conf
* soft nofile 65536
* hard nofile 65536
* soft nproc 65536
* hard nproc 65536
* soft memlock unlimited
* hard memlock unlimited
EOF
#7.安装ipvs
yum install ipvsadm ipset sysstat conntrack libseccomp -y
#开机加载内核模块，并设置开机自动加载
cat > /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules <<EOF
#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4
EOF
#然后执行脚本
chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack_ipv4
#8.修改系统参数
cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
vm.swappiness=0
EOF
sysctl --system
#-----------下面参考别人的---------#
# cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 10
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv4.neigh.default.gc_stale_time = 120
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 1024
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = 2310720
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=89100
fs.may_detach_mounts = 1
fs.file-max = 52706963
fs.nr_open = 52706963
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 1
vm.swappiness = 0
vm.overcommit_memory=1
vm.panic_on_oom=0
EOF
#9.在生产环境建议预留内存,避免由于内存耗尽导致ssh连不上主机（32G的机器留2G，251的留3G, 500G的留5G）。下面是预留5G
echo 'vm.min_free_kbytes=5000000' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
sysctl -p
2.3、部署docker
二进制部署方式可参考：https://www.kubernetes.org.cn/3831.html 这里为了方便直接yum安装所有节点
#1.安装yum源工具包
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
#2.下载docker-ce官方的yum源配置文件
# yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
# yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
#3.禁用docker-c-edge源配edge是不开发版，不稳定，下载stable版
yum-config-manager --disable docker-ce-edge
#4.更新本地YUM源缓存
yum makecache fast
#5.安装Docker-ce相应版本
yum -y install docker-ce
#6.配置daemon, 因为kubelet的启动环境变量要与docker的cgroup-driver驱动相同,以下是官方推荐处理方式（现在新版二进制kubelet就是cgroup了）
#由于国内拉取镜像较慢，配置文件最后追加了阿里云镜像加速配置。
mkdir -p /etc/docker &&
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
"log-driver": "json-file",
"log-opts": {
"max-size": "100m"
},
"storage-driver": "overlay2",
"storage-opts": [
"overlay2.override_kernel_check=true"
],
"registry-mirrors": ["https://uyah70su.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
#7.设置开机自启动
systemctl restart docker && systemctl enable docker && systemctl status docker
#8.可以先在自己电脑下来安装包，本环境安装的是18.09版本
yum install --downloadonly docker-ce-18.09 --downloaddir=/opt #yum下载docker-ce
yum localinstall docker-ce -y #然后安装
2.4、部署etcd
etcd是用来保存集群所有状态的 Key/Value 存储系统，常用于服务发现、共享配置以及并发控制（如 leader 选举、分布式锁等）。kubernetes 使用 etcd 存储所有运行数据。
所有 Kubernetes 组件会通过 API Server 来跟 Etcd 进行沟通从而保存或读取资源状态。有条件的可以单独几台机器跑,不过需要配置apiserver指向etcd集群。
2.4.1、创建etcd证书
如果不希望将cfssl工具安装到部署主机上，可以在其他的主机上进行该步骤，生成以后将证书拷贝到部署etcd的主机上即可。不是要证书也可以部署，etcd.service文件和etcd.conf文件不要有https的URL
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64 -O /usr/local/bin/cfssl
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64 -O /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 -O /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfo
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/cfssl*
#配置CA文件
mkdir /root/ssl && cd /root/ssl
cat > ca-config.json <<EOF
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "8760h"
},
"profiles": {
"kubernetes": {
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
],
"expiry": "8760h"
}
}
}
}
EOF
#2----------------------------------------------
cat > ca-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "ShangHai",
"L": "ShangHai",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
#3--------------------------------------------------
cat > etcd-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "etcd",
"hosts": [
"127.0.0.1",
"192.168.10.12",
"192.168.10.13",
"192.168.10.14"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "ShangHai",
"L": "ShangHai",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
# hosts字段的IP地址是指授权使用证书的etcd地址
#------------------------------------
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes etcd-csr.json | cfssljson -bare etcd
#生产后证书包含文件如下，共9个
ca-config.json
ca.csr
ca-csr.json
ca-key.pem
ca.pem
etcd.csr
etcd-csr.json
etcd-key.pem
etcd.pem
#将生成好的etcd.pem和etcd-key.pem以及ca.pem三个文件拷贝到etcd机器上
mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/ssl && cp *.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
ssh -n 192.168.10.13 "mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/ssl && exit"
ssh -n 192.168.10.14 "mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/ssl && exit"
scp -r /etc/kubernetes/ssl/*.pem 192.168.10.13:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp -r /etc/kubernetes/ssl/*.pem 192.168.10.14:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
2.4.2、部署etcd
将下载的etcd二进制文件上传到etcd节点机器上。
#在etcd的机器上安装etcd程序
mkdir -p /var/lib/etcd
tar -zxvf etcd-v3.3.13-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cp etcd-v3.3.13-linux-amd64/etcd* /usr/local/bin
scp etcd-v3.3.13-linux-amd64/etcd* 192.168.10.13:/usr/local/bin
scp etcd-v3.3.13-linux-amd64/etcd* 192.168.10.14:/usr/local/bin
#1.在12机器上创建etcd.service文件
cat <<EOF >/etc/systemd/system/etcd.service
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
Documentation=https://github.com/coreos
[Service]
Type=notify
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/etcd/
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/etcd \
--name k8s-m12 \
--cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/etcd.pem \
--key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/etcd-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/etcd.pem \
--peer-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/etcd-key.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--initial-advertise-peer-urls https://192.168.10.12:2380 \
--listen-peer-urls https://192.168.10.12:2380 \
--listen-client-urls https://192.168.10.12:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379 \
--advertise-client-urls https://192.168.10.12:2379 \
--initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster-0 \
--initial-cluster k8s-m12=https://192.168.10.12:2380,k8s-m13=https://192.168.10.13:2380,k8s-m14=https://192.168.10.14:2380 \
--initial-cluster-state new \
--data-dir=/var/lib/etcd
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
#2.启动etcd服务
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable etcd.service && systemctl start etcd.service && systemctl status etcd
#1.在13机器上创建etcd.service文件
cat <<EOF >/etc/systemd/system/etcd.service
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
Documentation=https://github.com/coreos
[Service]
Type=notify
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/etcd/
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/etcd \
--name k8s-m13 \
--cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/etcd.pem \
--key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/etcd-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/etcd.pem \
--peer-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/etcd-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--initial-advertise-peer-urls https://192.168.10.13:2380 \
--listen-peer-urls https://192.168.10.13:2380 \
--listen-client-urls https://192.168.10.13:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379 \
--advertise-client-urls https://192.168.10.13:2379 \
--initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster-0 \
--initial-cluster k8s-m12=https://192.168.10.12:2380,k8s-m13=https://192.168.10.13:2380,k8s-m14=https://192.168.10.14:2380 \
--initial-cluster-state new \
--data-dir=/var/lib/etcd
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
#2.启动etcd服务
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable etcd.service && systemctl start etcd.service && systemctl status etcd
#1.在14机器上创建etcd.service文件
cat <<EOF >/etc/systemd/system/etcd.service
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
Documentation=https://github.com/coreos
[Service]
Type=notify
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/etcd/
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/etcd \
--name k8s-m14 \
--cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/etcd.pem \
--key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/etcd-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/etcd.pem \
--peer-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/etcd-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--initial-advertise-peer-urls https://192.168.10.14:2380 \
--listen-peer-urls https://192.168.10.14:2380 \
--listen-client-urls https://192.168.10.14:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379 \
--advertise-client-urls https://192.168.10.14:2379 \
--initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster-0 \
--initial-cluster k8s-m12=https://192.168.10.12:2380,k8s-m13=https://192.168.10.13:2380,k8s-m14=https://192.168.10.14:2380 \
--initial-cluster-state new \
--data-dir=/var/lib/etcd
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
#2.启动etcd服务
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable etcd.service && systemctl start etcd.service && systemctl status etcd
2.4.3、验证集群
#1.查看集群状态
etcdctl --ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/etcd.pem --key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/etcd-key.pem cluster-health
#返回如下，代表集群正常
member 1af68d968c7e3f22 is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.10.12:2379
member 55204c19ed228077 is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.10.14:2379
member e8d9a97b17f26476 is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.10.13:2379
cluster is healthy
#2.查看集群成员
etcdctl --endpoints=https://192.168.10.12:2379,https://192.168.10.13:2379,https://192.168.10.14:2379 --ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/etcd.pem --key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/etcd-key.pem member list
#返回如下结果
1af68d968c7e3f22: name=k8s-m12 peerURLs=https://192.168.10.12:2380 clientURLs=https://192.168.10.12:2379 isLeader=false
55204c19ed228077: name=k8s-m14 peerURLs=https://192.168.10.14:2380 clientURLs=https://192.168.10.14:2379 isLeader=false
e8d9a97b17f26476: name=k8s-m13 peerURLs=https://192.168.10.13:2380 clientURLs=https://192.168.10.13:2379 isLeader=true
2.5、部署flannel
所有的节点都需要安装flannel，，主要目的是跨主机的docker能够互相通信，也是保障kubernetes集群的网络基础和保障
2.5.1、创建flannel证书
#1.生产TLS证书，是让kubectl当做client证书使用,(证书只需要生成一次)
cd /root/ssl
cat > flanneld-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "flanneld",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "ShangHai",
"L": "ShangHai",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
#2.生成证书和私钥
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes flanneld-csr.json | cfssljson -bare flanneld
#包含以下文件
flanneld.csr
flanneld-csr.json
flanneld-key.pem
flanneld.pem
#3.然后将证书拷贝到所有节点下。
cp flanneld*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl
scp flanneld*.pem 192.168.10.13:/etc/kubernetes/ssl
scp flanneld*.pem 192.168.10.14:/etc/kubernetes/ssl
scp flanneld*.pem 192.168.10.15:/etc/kubernetes/ssl
scp flanneld*.pem 192.168.10.16:/etc/kubernetes/ssl
2.5.2、部署flannel
#1.开始安装flannel
tar -zvxf flannel-v0.11.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cp flanneld mk-docker-opts.sh /usr/local/bin
scp flanneld mk-docker-opts.sh 192.168.10.13:/usr/local/bin
scp flanneld mk-docker-opts.sh 192.168.10.14:/usr/local/bin
scp flanneld mk-docker-opts.sh 192.168.10.15:/usr/local/bin
scp flanneld mk-docker-opts.sh 192.168.10.16:/usr/local/bin
#2.向etcd写入集群Pod网段信息，在etcd集群中任意一台执行一次即可
etcdctl \
--endpoints=https://192.168.10.12:2379,https://192.168.10.13:2379,https://192.168.10.14:2379 \
--ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/flanneld.pem \
--key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/flanneld-key.pem \
mk /kubernetes/network/config '{"Network":"172.30.0.0/16", "SubnetLen": 24, "Backend": {"Type": "vxlan"}}'
#----得到返回信息如下，设置的网络是172.30.0.0/16，子网掩码是24位
{"Network":"172.30.0.0/16", "SubnetLen": 24, "Backend": {"Type": "vxlan"}}
#2.1.列出键值存储的目录
etcdctl \
--ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/flanneld.pem \
--key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/flanneld-key.pem ls -r
#2.2.查看键值存储
etcdctl \
--ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/flanneld.pem \
--key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/flanneld-key.pem get /kubernetes/network/config
#2.3查看已分配pod的子网列表
etcdctl \
--ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/flanneld.pem \
--key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/flanneld-key.pem ls /kubernetes/network/subnets
#3、创建flannel.service文件
cat > /etc/systemd/system/flannel.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Flanneld overlay address etcd agent
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
After=etcd.service
Before=docker.service
[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/flanneld \
-etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
-etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/flanneld.pem \
-etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/flanneld-key.pem \
-etcd-endpoints=https://192.168.10.12:2379,https://192.168.10.13:2379,https://192.168.10.14:2379 \
-etcd-prefix=/kubernetes/network
ExecStartPost=/usr/local/bin/mk-docker-opts.sh -k DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS -d /run/flannel/docker
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
RequiredBy=docker.service
EOF
#mk-docker-opts.sh 脚本将分配给flanneld的Pod子网网段信息写入到/run/flannel/docker文件中，后续docker启动时使用这个文件中参数值设置docker0网桥。
#flanneld 使用系统缺省路由所在的接口和其它节点通信，对于有多个网络接口的机器（如，内网和公网），可以用 -iface=enpxx 选项值指定通信接口。
#4、启动flannel
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable flannel && systemctl start flannel && systemctl status flannel
#5.验证flannel
cat /run/flannel/docker #/run/flannel/docker是flannel分配给docker的子网信息，
#显示如下
DOCKER_OPT_BIP="--bip=172.30.7.1/24"
DOCKER_OPT_IPMASQ="--ip-masq=true"
DOCKER_OPT_MTU="--mtu=1450"
DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS=" --bip=172.30.7.1/24 --ip-masq=true --mtu=1450"
cat /run/flannel/subnet.env #/run/flannel/subnet.env包含了flannel整个大网段以及在此节点上的子网段
#显示如下
FLANNEL_NETWORK=172.30.0.0/16
FLANNEL_SUBNET=172.30.7.1/24
FLANNEL_MTU=1450
FLANNEL_IPMASQ=false
ip add | grep flannel #查看网卡信息
4: flannel.1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1450 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default
inet 172.30.7.0/32 scope global flannel.1
2.5.3、配置docker支持flannel
#1.配置docker支持flannel网络,需要在[Service]标签下新加
vim /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service
EnvironmentFile=/run/flannel/docker #这行新加内容，下面行新加$后面的内容
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock $DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS
#2.重启docker,然后可以查看到已分配pod的子网列表
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart docker && systemctl status docker
ip add | grep docker
#docker0网口IP地址，已改变
4: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default
inet 172.30.7.1/24 brd 172.30.7.255 scope global docker0
2.5.4、设置CNI插件支持flannel
tar -zxvf cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.1.tgz -C /opt/cni
mkdir -p /etc/cni/net.d
cat > /etc/cni/net.d/10-default.conf <<EOF
{
"name": "flannel",
"type": "flannel",
"delegate": {
"bridge": "docker0",
"isDefaultGateway": true,
"mtu": 1400
}
}
EOF
#把相关指令和文件拷贝到所有主机
scp /opt/cni/* 192.168.10.13:/usr/local/bin && scp /etc/cni/net.d/* 192.168.10.13:/etc/cni/net.d/
2.6、部署keepalived+haproxy
keepalived 提供 kube-apiserver 对外服务的 VIP；haproxy 监听 VIP，后端连接所有 kube-apiserver 实例，提供健康检查和负载均衡功能；
本文档复用 master 节点的三台机器，haproxy 监听的端口(8443) 需要与 kube-apiserver 的端口 6443 不同，避免冲突。
keepalived 在运行过程中周期检查本机的 haproxy 进程状态，如果检测到 haproxy 进程异常，则触发重新选主的过程，VIP 将飘移到新选出来的主节点，从而实现 VIP 的高可用。所有组件（如 kubeclt、apiserver、controller-manager、scheduler 等）都通过 VIP 和 haproxy 监听的 8443 端口访问 kube-apiserver 服务。
2.6.1、安装haproxy
yum install -y haproxy
#12机器上配置
cat << EOF > /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
global
log 127.0.0.1 local2
chroot /var/lib/haproxy
pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid
maxconn 4000
user haproxy
group haproxy
daemon
defaults
mode tcp
log global
retries 3
timeout connect 10s
timeout client 1m
timeout server 1m
listen admin_stats
bind 0.0.0.0:9090
mode http
log 127.0.0.1 local0 err
stats refresh 30s
stats uri /status
stats realm welcome login\ Haproxy
stats auth admin:123456
stats hide-version
stats admin if TRUE
frontend kubernetes
bind *:8443
mode tcp
default_backend kubernetes-master
backend kubernetes-master
balance roundrobin
server k8s-m12 192.168.10.12:6443 check maxconn 2000
server k8s-m13 192.168.10.13:6443 check maxconn 2000
server k8s-m14 192.168.10.14:6443 check maxconn 2000
EOF
#13 和 14机器上配置都一样
# 启动haproxy
systemctl enable haproxy && systemctl start haproxy && systemctl status haproxy
2.6.2、安装keepalived
yum install -y keepalived
#10.12机器上配置
cat <<EOF > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
global_defs {
router_id LVS_k8s
}
vrrp_script CheckK8sMaster {
script "curl -k https://192.168.10.100:8443"
interval 3
timeout 9
fall 2
rise 2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface ens33
virtual_router_id 100
priority 100
advert_int 1
mcast_src_ip 192.168.10.12
nopreempt
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass fana123
}
unicast_peer {
192.168.10.13
192.168.10.14
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.10.100/24
}
track_script {
CheckK8sMaster
}
}
EOF
#13机器keepalived配置
cat <<EOF > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
global_defs {
router_id LVS_k8s
}
vrrp_script CheckK8sMaster {
script "curl -k https://192.168.10.100:8443"
interval 3
timeout 9
fall 2
rise 2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface ens33
virtual_router_id 100
priority 90
advert_int 1
mcast_src_ip 192.168.10.13
nopreempt
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass fana123
}
unicast_peer {
192.168.10.12
192.168.10.14
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.10.100/24
}
track_script {
CheckK8sMaster
}
}
EOF
#14机器上keepalived配置
cat <<EOF > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
global_defs {
router_id LVS_k8s
}
vrrp_script CheckK8sMaster {
script "curl -k https://192.168.10.100:8443"
interval 3
timeout 9
fall 2
rise 2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface ens33
virtual_router_id 100
priority 80
advert_int 1
mcast_src_ip 192.168.10.14
nopreempt
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass fana123
}
unicast_peer {
192.168.10.12
192.168.10.13
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.10.100/24
}
track_script {
CheckK8sMaster
}
}
EOF
#启动keepalived
systemctl restart keepalived && systemctl enable keepalived && systemctl status keepalived
#查看vip
ip add | grep 10.100
2.7、部署master
kube-scheduler，kube-controller-manager 和 kube-apiserver 三者的功能紧密相关；同时kube-scheduler 和 kube-controller-manager 只能有一个进程处于工作状态，如果运行多个，则需要通过选举产生一个 leader；
2.7.1、部署kubectl命令工具
kubectl 是 kubernetes 集群的命令行管理工具，默认从 ~/.kube/config 文件读取 kube-apiserver 地址、证书、用户名等信息，如果没有配置，执行 kubectl 命令时可能会出错。~/.kube/config只需要部署一次，然后拷贝到其他的master。
#1.解压命令
tar -zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd kubernetes/server/bin/
cp kube-apiserver kubeadm kube-controller-manager kubectl kube-scheduler /usr/local/bin
scp kube-apiserver kubeadm kube-controller-manager kubectl kube-scheduler 192.168.10.13:/usr/local/bin
scp kube-apiserver kubeadm kube-controller-manager kubectl kube-scheduler 192.168.10.14:/usr/local/bin
#2.创建CA证书
cd /root/ssl
cat > admin-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "admin",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "ShangHai",
"L": "ShangHai",
"O": "system:masters",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
#3.生成证书和私钥
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem \
-ca-key=ca-key.pem \
-config=ca-config.json \
-profile=kubernetes admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin
#4.创建~/.kube/config文件
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=https://192.168.10.100:8443 \
--kubeconfig=kubectl.kubeconfig
#4.1.设置客户端认证参数
kubectl config set-credentials admin \
--client-certificate=admin.pem \
--client-key=admin-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=kubectl.kubeconfig
#4.2.设置上下文参数
kubectl config set-context kubernetes \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=admin \
--kubeconfig=kubectl.kubeconfig
#4.3.设置默认上下文
kubectl config use-context kubernetes --kubeconfig=kubectl.kubeconfig
#4.4.拷贝kubectl.kubeconfig文件
cp kubectl.kubeconfig ~/.kube/config
scp kubectl.kubeconfig 192.168.10.13:/root/.kube/config
scp kubectl.kubeconfig 192.168.10.14:/root/.kube/config
cp admin*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp admin*.pem 192.168.10.13:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp admin*.pem 192.168.10.14:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
2.7.2、部署api-server
#1.创建CA证书,hosts字段指定授权使用该证书的IP或域名列表，这里列出了VIP/apiserver节点IP/kubernetes服务IP和域名
cd /root/ssl
cat > kubernetes-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"hosts": [
"127.0.0.1",
"192.168.10.12",
"192.168.10.13",
"192.168.10.14",
"192.168.10.100",
"10.254.0.1",
"kubernetes",
"kubernetes.default",
"kubernetes.default.svc",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "ShangHai",
"L": "ShangHai",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
#2.生成证书和私钥
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem \
-ca-key=ca-key.pem \
-config=ca-config.json \
-profile=kubernetes kubernetes-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kubernetes
#3.将证书拷贝到其他master节点
cp kubernetes*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp kubernetes*.pem 192.168.10.13:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp kubernetes*.pem 192.168.10.14:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
#4.创建加密配置文件
cat > encryption-config.yaml <<EOF
kind: EncryptionConfig
apiVersion: v1
resources:
- resources:
- secrets
providers:
- aescbc:
keys:
- name: key1
secret: $(head -c 32 /dev/urandom | base64)
- identity: {}
EOF
#4.1创建kube-apiserver使用的客户端令牌文件
cat <<EOF > bootstrap-token.csv
$(head -c 32 /dev/urandom | base64),kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"
EOF
#5.将加密文件拷贝到其他master节点
cp encryption-config.yaml bootstrap-token.csv /etc/kubernetes/ssl
scp encryption-config.yaml bootstrap-token.csv 192.168.10.13:/etc/kubernetes/ssl
scp encryption-config.yaml bootstrap-token.csv 192.168.10.14:/etc/kubernetes/ssl
#6.创建kube-apiserver.service文件
cat > /etc/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
After=network.target
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-apiserver \
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,NodeRestriction,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,ResourceQuota \
--anonymous-auth=false \
--experimental-encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/encryption-config.yaml \
--advertise-address=0.0.0.0 \
--bind-address=0.0.0.0 \
--insecure-bind-address=127.0.0.1 \
--secure-port=6443 \
--insecure-port=0 \
--authorization-mode=Node,RBAC \
--runtime-config=api/all \
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.254.0.0/16 \
--service-node-port-range=30000-32700 \
--tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem \
--tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem \
--client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem \
--kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem \
--service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem \
--etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem \
--etcd-servers=https://192.168.10.12:2379,https://192.168.10.13:2379,https://192.168.10.14:2379 \
--enable-swagger-ui=true \
--allow-privileged=true \
--apiserver-count=3 \
--audit-log-maxage=30 \
--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \
--audit-log-maxsize=100 \
--audit-log-path=/var/log/kubernetes/kube-apiserver-audit.log \
--event-ttl=1h \
--alsologtostderr=true \
--logtostderr=false \
--log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \
--v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
Type=notify
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
mkdir -p /var/log/kubernetes #创建日志目录然后拷贝到其他master
scp /etc/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service 192.168.10.13:/etc/systemd/system/
scp /etc/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service 192.168.10.14:/etc/systemd/system/
#7.启动服务
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable kube-apiserver && systemctl start kube-apiserver && systemctl status kube-apiserver
#8.授予kubernetes证书访问kubelet api权限。在执行kubectl exec、run、logs 等命令时，apiserver会转发到kubelet。这里定义 RBAC规则，授权apiserver调用kubelet API。
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kube-apiserver:kubelet-apis --clusterrole=system:kubelet-api-admin --user kubernetes
#8.1预定义的ClusterRole system:kubelet-api-admin授予访问kubelet所有 API 的权限：
kubectl describe clusterrole system:kubelet-api-admin
#9.检查api-server和集群状态
netstat -ptln | grep kube-apiserver
tcp 0 0 192.168.10.12:6443 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 13000/kube-apiserve
kubectl cluster-info
#显示如下
Kubernetes master is running at https://192.168.10.100:8443
To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.
kubectl get all --all-namespaces
#显示如下
NAMESPACE NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
default service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.254.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 12m
kubectl get componentstatuses
#显示如下,因scheduler和controller-manager还没有部署
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
scheduler Unhealthy Get http://127.0.0.1:10251/healthz: dial tcp 127.0.0.1:10251: connect: connection refused
controller-manager Unhealthy Get http://127.0.0.1:10252/healthz: dial tcp 127.0.0.1:10252: connect: connection refused
etcd-2 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-1 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}
2.7.3、部署kube-controller-manager
该集群包含 3 个节点，启动后将通过竞争选举机制产生一个 leader 节点，其它节点为阻塞状态。当 leader 节点不可用后，剩余节点将再次进行选举产生新的 leader 节点，从而保证服务的可用性。
#1.创建CA证书
cd /root/ssl
cat > kube-controller-manager-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "system:kube-controller-manager",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"hosts": [
"127.0.0.1",
"192.168.10.12",
"192.168.10.13",
"192.168.10.14"
],
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "ShangHai",
"L": "ShangHai",
"O": "system:kube-controller-manager",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
#2.生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem \
-ca-key=ca-key.pem \
-config=ca-config.json \
-profile=kubernetes kube-controller-manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-controller-manager
#3.将证书拷贝到其他master节点
cp kube-controller-manager*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp kube-controller-manager*.pem 192.168.10.13:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp kube-controller-manager*.pem 192.168.10.14:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
#4.创建kubeconfig文件
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=https://192.168.10.100:8443 \
--kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-controller-manager \
--client-certificate=kube-controller-manager.pem \
--client-key=kube-controller-manager-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context system:kube-controller-manager \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=system:kube-controller-manager \
--kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context system:kube-controller-manager --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
#5.拷贝kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig到其他master节点
cp kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig 192.168.10.13:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig 192.168.10.14:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
#6.创建kube-controller-manager.service文件
cat > /etc/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-controller-manager \
--address=127.0.0.1 \
--master=https://192.168.10.100:8443 \
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \
--allocate-node-cidrs=true \
--authentication-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.254.0.0/16 \
--cluster-cidr=172.30.0.0/16 \
--cluster-name=kubernetes \
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--cluster-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--experimental-cluster-signing-duration=8760h \
--leader-elect=true \
--feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true \
--controllers=*,bootstrapsigner,tokencleaner \
--horizontal-pod-autoscaler-use-rest-clients=true \
--horizontal-pod-autoscaler-sync-period=10s \
--tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager.pem \
--tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager-key.pem \
--service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--root-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--use-service-account-credentials=true \
--alsologtostderr=true \
--logtostderr=false \
--log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \
--v=2
Restart=on
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
#7.拷贝到其他master节点，然后启动服务
scp /etc/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service 192.168.10.13:/etc/systemd/system/
scp /etc/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service 192.168.10.14:/etc/systemd/system/
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable kube-controller-manager && systemctl start kube-controller-manager && systemctl status kube-controller-manager
#8.检查服务
netstat -lnpt|grep kube-controll
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10252 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 14492/kube-controll
tcp6 0 0 :::10257 :::* LISTEN 14492/kube-controll
kubectl get cs
#显示如下
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
scheduler Unhealthy Get http://127.0.0.1:10251/healthz: dial tcp 127.0.0.1:10251: connect: connection refused
controller-manager Healthy ok
etcd-1 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-2 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}
#检查leader所在机器
kubectl get endpoints kube-controller-manager --namespace=kube-system -o yaml
#显示如下,k8s-m12选为leader
apiVersion: v1
kind: Endpoints
metadata:
annotations:
control-plane.alpha.kubernetes.io/leader: '{"holderIdentity":"k8s-m12_6f9b09e6-995b-11e9-b2bf-000c29959a05","leaseDurationSeconds":15,"acquireTime":"2019-06-28T04:16:00Z","renewTime":"2019-06-28T04:21:32Z","leaderTransitions":0}'
creationTimestamp: "2019-06-28T04:16:00Z"
name: kube-controller-manager
namespace: kube-system
resourceVersion: "1481"
selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/endpoints/kube-controller-manager
uid: 6f9d838f-995b-11e9-9cb7-000c29959a05
关于 controller 权限和 use-service-account-credentials 参数
kublet 认证和授权
2.7.4、部署kube-scheduler
该集群包含 3 个节点，启动后将通过竞争选举机制产生一个 leader 节点，其它节点为阻塞状态。当 leader 节点不可用后，剩余节点将再次进行选举产生新的 leader 节点，从而保证服务的可用性
#1.创建CA证书
cd /root/ssl
cat > kube-scheduler-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "system:kube-scheduler",
"hosts": [
"127.0.0.1",
"192.168.10.12",
"192.168.10.13",
"192.168.10.14"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "ShangHai",
"L": "ShangHai",
"O": "system:kube-scheduler",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
#2.生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem \
-ca-key=ca-key.pem \
-config=ca-config.json \
-profile=kubernetes kube-scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-scheduler
#3.创建kube-scheduler.kubeconfig文件
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=https://192.168.10.100:8443 \
--kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-scheduler \
--client-certificate=kube-scheduler.pem \
--client-key=kube-scheduler-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context system:kube-scheduler \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=system:kube-scheduler \
--kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context system:kube-scheduler --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
#4.拷贝kubeconfig到其他master节点
cp kube-scheduler.kubeconfig kube-scheduler*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp kube-scheduler.kubeconfig kube-scheduler*.pem 192.168.10.13:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp kube-scheduler.kubeconfig kube-scheduler*.pem 192.168.10.14:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
#5.创建kube-scheduler.service文件
cat > /etc/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-scheduler \
--address=127.0.0.1 \
--master=https://192.168.10.100:8443 \
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig \
--leader-elect=true \
--alsologtostderr=true \
--logtostderr=false \
--log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \
--v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
#6.将kube-scheduler.service拷贝到其他master节点，然后启动服务
scp /etc/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service 192.168.10.13:/etc/systemd/system
scp /etc/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service 192.168.10.14:/etc/systemd/system
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable kube-scheduler && systemctl start kube-scheduler && systemctl status kube-scheduler
#7.检查服务
netstat -lnpt|grep kube-sche
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10251 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 15137/kube-schedule
tcp6 0 0 :::10259 :::* LISTEN 15137/kube-schedule
kubectl get cs
#显示如下
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
scheduler Healthy ok
controller-manager Healthy ok
etcd-2 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-1 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}
kubectl get endpoints kube-scheduler --namespace=kube-system -o yaml
#显示如下，k8s-m12选为leader
apiVersion: v1
kind: Endpoints
metadata:
annotations:
control-plane.alpha.kubernetes.io/leader: '{"holderIdentity":"k8s-m12_1c3f7882-995f-11e9-a5c1-000c29959a05","leaseDurationSeconds":15,"acquireTime":"2019-06-28T04:42:19Z","renewTime":"2019-06-28T04:45:18Z","leaderTransitions":0}'
creationTimestamp: "2019-06-28T04:42:19Z"
name: kube-scheduler
namespace: kube-system
resourceVersion: "2714"
selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/endpoints/kube-scheduler
uid: 1cda2b3a-995f-11e9-ac7d-000c2928fce6
2.7.5、在所有master节点上查看功能是否正常
kubectl get componentstatuses
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
controller-manager Healthy ok
scheduler Healthy ok
etcd-2 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-1 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}
2.8、部署node
node节点运行kubelet kube-proxy docker flannel。
2.8.1、部署kubelet
kubelet运行在每个 worker 节点上，接收 kube-apiserver 发送的请求，管理 Pod 容器，执行交互式命令，如 exec、run、logs 等。kubelet 启动时自动向 kube-apiserver注册节点信息，内置的 cadvisor 统计和监控节点的资源使用情况。
#1.解压包，拷贝命令
tar -zxvf kubernetes-node-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd /opt/kubernetes/node/bin
cp kubectl kubelet kube-proxy /usr/local/bin
scp kubectl kubelet kube-proxy 192.168.10.16:/usr/local/bin
#2.创建kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig文件（也是在12机器上执行）要创建3次分别是(k8s-m12，k8s-m13，k8s-m14)
#2.1.创建 token
cd /root/ssl
export BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=$(kubeadm token create \
--description kubelet-bootstrap-token \
--groups system:bootstrappers:k8s-m12 \
--kubeconfig ~/.kube/config)
#2.2.设置集群参数
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=https://192.168.10.100:8443 \
--kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap-k8s-m12.kubeconfig
#2.3.设置客户端认证参数
kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap \
--token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN} \
--kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap-k8s-m12.kubeconfig
#2.4.设置上下文参数
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap \
--kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap-k8s-m12.kubeconfig
#2.5.设置默认上下文
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap-k8s-m12.kubeconfig
#3.查看kubeadm为各节点创建的token
kubeadm token list --kubeconfig ~/.kube/config
#显示如下
11rq5j.3f628cf6ura1hf2x 20h 2019-06-29T13:01:52+08:00 authentication,signing kubelet-bootstrap-token system:bootstrappers:k8s-m14
8zamvk.rfat8wyzh8311f89 20h 2019-06-29T12:59:26+08:00 authentication,signing kubelet-bootstrap-token system:bootstrappers:k8s-m12
lhxalz.busnf6izk82e0xqx 20h 2019-06-29T13:01:03+08:00 authentication,signing kubelet-bootstrap-token system:bootstrappers:k8s-m13
#3.1.r如果需要删除创建的token
kubeadm token --kubeconfig ~/.kube/config delete lhxalz.busnf6izk82e0xqx
# 创建的token有效期为 1 天，超期后将不能再被使用，且会被kube-controller-manager的tokencleaner清理(如果启用该 controller 的话)。
# kube-apiserver接收kubelet的bootstrap token后，将请求的user设置为system:bootstrap；group设置为 system:bootstrappers；
#3.2.查看各token关联的secret
kubectl get secrets -n kube-system
#4.拷贝bootstrap kubeconfig文件到各个node机器上
scp kubelet-bootstrap-kube12.kubeconfig 192.168.10.15:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
scp kubelet-bootstrap-kube12.kubeconfig 192.168.10.16:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
#5.创建kubelet配置文件
cd /root/ssl
cat > kubelet.config.json <<EOF
{
"kind": "KubeletConfiguration",
"apiVersion": "kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1",
"authentication": {
"x509": {
"clientCAFile": "/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem"
},
"webhook": {
"enabled": true,
"cacheTTL": "2m0s"
},
"anonymous": {
"enabled": false
}
},
"authorization": {
"mode": "Webhook",
"webhook": {
"cacheAuthorizedTTL": "5m0s",
"cacheUnauthorizedTTL": "30s"
}
},
"address": "0.0.0.0",
"port": 10250,
"readOnlyPort": 0,
"cgroupDriver": "cgroupfs",
"hairpinMode": "promiscuous-bridge",
"serializeImagePulls": false,
"featureGates": {
"RotateKubeletClientCertificate": true,
"RotateKubeletServerCertificate": true
},
"clusterDomain": "cluster.local",
"clusterDNS": ["10.254.0.2"]
}
EOF
#6.拷贝到其他主机,注意，可以修改address为本机IP地址
cp kubelet.config.json /etc/kubernetes/ssl
scp kubelet.config.json 192.168.10.15:/etc/kubernetes/ssl
scp kubelet.config.json 192.168.10.16:/etc/kubernetes/ssl
#7.创建kubelet.service文件
mkdir -p /var/log/kubernetes && mkdir -p /var/lib/kubelet #先创建目录
cat <<EOF > /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service
[Service]
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/kubelet
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kubelet \
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig \
--cert-dir=/etc/kubernetes/ssl \
--network-plugin=cni \
--cni-conf-dir=/etc/cni/net.d \
--cni-bin-dir=/usr/local/bin/ \
--fail-swap-on=false \
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet.kubeconfig \
--config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet.config.json \
--hostname-override=192.168.10.15 \
--pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause-amd64:3.1 \
--allow-privileged=true \
--alsologtostderr=true \
--logtostderr=false \
--cgroup-driver=systemd \
--log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \
--v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
#拷贝到其他主机，注意修改hostname-override为本机IP地址
#8.Bootstrap Token Auth 和授予权限 ,需要先将bootstrap-token文件中的kubelet-bootstrap用户赋予system:node-bootstrapper角色，然后kubelet才有权限创建认证请求
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper --group=system:bootstrappers
#9.启动kubele服务
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl restart kubelet && systemctl status kubelet
#10.检查服务
netstat -lantp|grep kubelet
tcp 0 0 192.168.10.15:46936 192.168.10.100:8443 ESTABLISHED 15299/kubelet
#8.通过kubelet 的TLS 证书请求，kubelet 首次启动时向kube-apiserver 发送证书签名请求，必须通过后kubernetes 系统才会将该 Node 加入到集群。查看未授权的CSR 请求
kubectl get csr
NAME AGE REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-ZyWLfyY4nBb1GPBCCNGf2pCjbFKGHt04q50R1_3oprU 16m system:bootstrap:rhwf4g Pending
node-csr-hiZbOHizDYsE_n36kfuSxWTmUzobCEnCpIXfN54Lh6Y 18m system:bootstrap:rhwf4g Pending
approve kubelet csr请求
#1.手动approve csr请求(推荐自动的方式)
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-ZyWLfyY4nBb1GPBCCNGf2pCjbFKGHt04q50R1_3oprU #手动创建
#显示如下
certificatesigningrequest.certificates.k8s.io/node-csr-ZyWLfyY4nBb1GPBCCNGf2pCjbFKGHt04q50R1_3oprU approved
#1.1.查看Approve结果
kubectl describe csr node-csr-ZyWLfyY4nBb1GPBCCNGf2pCjbFKGHt04q50R1_3oprU
#显示如下
Name: node-csr-ZyWLfyY4nBb1GPBCCNGf2pCjbFKGHt04q50R1_3oprU
Labels: <none>
Annotations: <none>
CreationTimestamp: Wed, 26 Jun 2019 15:12:40 +0800
Requesting User: system:bootstrap:rhwf4g
Status: Approved,Issued
Subject:
Common Name: system:node:192.168.10.16
Serial Number:
Organization: system:nodes
Events: <none>
#1.2.特别多可以用这样的方式
kubectl get csr|grep 'Pending' | awk 'NR>0{print $1}'| xargs kubectl certificate approve
kubectl get csr|awk 'NR==3{print $1}'| xargs kubectl describe csr #查看Approve结果
#2.自动approve csr请求(推荐),创建ClusterRoleBinding，分别用于自动 approve client、renew client、renew server 证书
cd /root/ssl
cat > csr-crb.yaml <<EOF
# Approve all CSRs for the group "system:bootstrappers"
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: auto-approve-csrs-for-group
subjects:
- kind: Group
name: system:bootstrappers
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
roleRef:
kind: ClusterRole
name: system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:nodeclient
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
---
# To let a node of the group "system:bootstrappers" renew its own credentials
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: node-client-cert-renewal
subjects:
- kind: Group
name: system:bootstrappers
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
roleRef:
kind: ClusterRole
name: system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:selfnodeclient
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
---
# A ClusterRole which instructs the CSR approver to approve a node requesting a
# serving cert matching its client cert.
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: approve-node-server-renewal-csr
rules:
- apiGroups: ["certificates.k8s.io"]
resources: ["certificatesigningrequests/selfnodeserver"]
verbs: ["create"]
---
# To let a node of the group "system:nodes" renew its own server credentials
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: node-server-cert-renewal
subjects:
- kind: Group
name: system:nodes
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
roleRef:
kind: ClusterRole
name: approve-node-server-renewal-csr
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
EOF
#3.拷贝到其他节点
cp csr-crb.yaml /etc/kubernetes/ssl
scp csr-crb.yaml 192.168.10.13:/etc/kubernetes/ssl
scp csr-crb.yaml 192.168.10.14:/etc/kubernetes/ssl
#4.生效配置
kubectl apply -f /etc/kubernetes/ssl/csr-crb.yaml
#5.验证
kubectl get csr #等待一段时间，查看CSR都被自动approve
#显示如下
NAME AGE REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-cF4D5xoTEQCkK5QCsCAmsHGItlZ2cJ43RjkGXpM4BNw 38m system:bootstrap:8zamvk Approved,Issued
node-csr-lUIuS1_ggYM8Q95rgsUrBawzrsAXQ4QfYcP3BbPnWl8 36m system:bootstrap:lhxalz Approved,Issued
kubectl get --all-namespaces -o wide nodes #所有节点均 ready
#显示如下
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION INTERNAL-IP EXTERNAL-IP OS-IMAGE KERNEL-VERSION CONTAINER-RUNTIME
192.168.10.15 Ready <none> 5m33s v1.14.3 192.168.10.15 <none> CentOS Linux 7 (Core) 4.4.103-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 docker://18.9.6
192.168.10.16 Ready <none> 54s v1.14.3 192.168.10.16 <none> CentOS Linux 7 (Core) 4.4.103-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 docker://18.9.6
kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
192.168.10.15 Ready <none> 6m55s v1.14.3
192.168.10.16 Ready <none> 2m16s v1.14.3
netstat -lnpt|grep kubelet
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10248 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 20302/kubelet
tcp 0 0 192.168.10.15:10250 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 20302/kubelet
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:37706 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 20302/kubelet
tcp 0 0 192.168.10.15:60332 192.168.10.100:8443 ESTABLISHED 20302/kubelet
#10248: healthz http 服务,10250; https API 服务；注意：未开启只读端口 10255；由于关闭了匿名认证，同时开启了 webhook 授权，所有访问 10250 端口 https API 的请求都需要被认证和授权。
kublet api 认证和授权
kublet的配置文件kubelet.config.json配置了如下认证参数：
- authentication.anonymous.enabled：设置为 false，不允许匿名访问 10250 端口；
- authentication.x509.clientCAFile：指定签名客户端证书的 CA 证书，开启 HTTPs 证书认证；
- authentication.webhook.enabled=true：开启 HTTPs bearer token 认证；
同时配置了如下授权参数：
- authroization.mode=Webhook：开启 RBAC 授权；
# kubelet 收到请求后，使用 clientCAFile 对证书签名进行认证，或者查询 bearer token 是否有效。如果两者都没通过，则拒绝请求，提示 Unauthorized
curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem https://127.0.0.1:10250/metrics
curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem -H "Authorization: Bearer 123456" https://192.168.10.15:10250/metrics
#通过认证后，kubelet 使用 SubjectAccessReview API 向 kube-apiserver 发送请求，查询证书或 token 对应的 user、group 是否有操作资源的权限(RBAC)；
#1.证书认证和授权
#权限不足的证书；
curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --cert /etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager.pem --key /etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager-key.pem https://192.168.10.15:10250/metrics
#使用部署 kubectl 命令行工具时创建的、具有最高权限的 admin 证书；
curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --cert /etc/kubernetes/ssl/admin.pem --key /etc/kubernetes/ssl/admin-key.pem https://192.168.10.15:10250/metrics|head
#2.bear token认证和授权：
# 创建一个ServiceAccount，将它和ClusterRole system:kubelet-api-admin绑定，从而具有调用kubelet API的权限：
kubectl create sa kubelet-api-test
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-api-test --clusterrole=system:kubelet-api-admin --serviceaccount=default:kubelet-api-test
SECRET=$(kubectl get secrets | grep kubelet-api-test | awk '{print $1}')
TOKEN=$(kubectl describe secret ${SECRET} | grep -E '^token' | awk '{print $2}')
echo ${TOKEN}
curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem -H "Authorization: Bearer ${TOKEN}" https://192.168.10.15:10250/metrics|head
# cadvisor 和 metrics
# cadvisor 统计所在节点各容器的资源(CPU、内存、磁盘、网卡)使用情况，分别在自己的 http web 页面(4194 端口)和 10250 以 promehteus metrics 的形式输出。
# 浏览器访问 http://192.168.10.15:4194/containers/ 可以查看到 cadvisor 的监控页面：
# 浏览器访问 https://192.168.10.15:10250/metrics 和 https://192.168.10.15:10250/metrics/cadvisor 分别返回 kublet 和 cadvisor 的 metrics。
注意：kublet.config.json 设置 authentication.anonymous.enabled 为 false，不允许匿名证书访问 10250 的 https 服务；参考A.浏览器访问kube-apiserver安全端口.md，创建和导入相关证书，然后访问上面的 10250 端口；
#1.需要安装jdk然后使用keytool工具
.\keytool -import -v -trustcacerts -alias appmanagement -file "E:\ca.pem" -storepass password -keystore cacerts
#2.然后在linux上执行
openssl pkcs12 -export -out admin.pfx -inkey admin-key.pem -in admin.pem -certfile ca.pem
#3.然后把证书导进去，就可以正常访问了
2.8.2、部署kube-proxy
kube-proxy 运行在所有 worker 节点上，，它监听 apiserver 中 service 和 Endpoint 的变化情况，创建路由规则来进行服务负载均衡。
#1.创建CA证书
cd /root/ssl
cat > kube-proxy-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "system:kube-proxy",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "ShangHai",
"L": "ShangHai",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
#2.生成证书和私钥
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem \
-ca-key=ca-key.pem \
-config=ca-config.json \
-profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
#3.创建kubeconfig文件
#3.1.设置集群参数
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=https://192.168.10.100:8443 \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
#3.2.设置客户端认证参数
kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
--client-certificate=kube-proxy.pem \
--client-key=kube-proxy-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
#3.3.设置上下文参数
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kube-proxy \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
#3.4.设置默认上下文
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
#4.拷贝到其他节点
cp kube-proxy*.pem kube-proxy.kubeconfig /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp kube-proxy*.pem kube-proxy.kubeconfig 192.168.10.15:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp kube-proxy*.pem kube-proxy.kubeconfig 192.168.10.16:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
#5.创建kube-proxy配置文件
cd /root/ssl
cat >kube-proxy.config.yaml <<EOF
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 192.168.10.15
clientConnection:
kubeconfig: /etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
clusterCIDR: 172.30.0.0/16
healthzBindAddress: 192.168.10.15:10256
hostnameOverride: 192.168.10.15
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
metricsBindAddress: 192.168.10.15:10249
mode: "ipvs"
EOF
#6.拷贝到其他节点
cp kube-proxy.config.yaml /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp kube-proxy.config.yaml 192.168.10.15:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp kube-proxy.config.yaml 192.168.10.16:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
#7.创建kube-proxy.service文件，然后拷贝到其他节点
cat << EOF > /etc/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kube-Proxy Server
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
After=network.target
[Service]
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/kube-proxy
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-proxy \
--config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-proxy.config.yaml \
--alsologtostderr=true \
--logtostderr=false \
--log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes/kube-proxy \
--v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
#8.启动kube-proxy服务
mkdir -p /var/lib/kube-proxy && mkdir -p /var/log/kubernetes/kube-proxy
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable kube-proxy && systemctl restart kube-proxy && systemctl status kube-proxy
netstat -lnpt|grep kube-proxy #查看端口
ipvsadm -ln #查看ipvs路由规则
#显示如下
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 10.254.0.1:443 rr
-> 192.168.10.12:6443 Masq 1 0 0
-> 192.168.10.13:6443 Masq 1 0 0
-> 192.168.10.14:6443 Masq 1 0 0
2.8.3、验证集群功能
kubectl get nodes #查看节点状态
# 1、创建nginx 测试文件
cat << EOF > nginx-web.yml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: nginx-web
labels:
tier: frontend
spec:
type: NodePort
selector:
tier: frontend
ports:
- name: http
port: 80
targetPort: 80
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: nginx-con
labels:
tier: frontend
spec:
replicas: 3
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: frontend
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx-pod
image: nginx
ports:
- containerPort: 80
EOF
#2.执行文件
kubectl create -f nginx-web.yml
#显示已创建
service/nginx-web created
deployment.extensions/nginx-con created
#3.查看pod状态
kubectl get pod -o wide
#显示如下
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
nginx-con-7dc84bdfb6-h6bt6 1/1 Running 0 105s 172.30.85.2 192.168.10.16 <none> <none>
nginx-con-7dc84bdfb6-nt5qs 1/1 Running 0 105s 172.30.34.3 192.168.10.15 <none> <none>
nginx-con-7dc84bdfb6-sfg87 1/1 Running 0 105s 172.30.34.2 192.168.10.15 <none> <none>
#4.测试IP是否ping通
ping -c4 172.30.34.2
PING 172.30.34.2 (172.30.34.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.30.34.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.543 ms
64 bytes from 172.30.34.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.684 ms
64 bytes from 172.30.34.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=0.886 ms
64 bytes from 172.30.34.2: icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=0.817 ms
#5.查看server集群IP
kubectl get svc #显示如下
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.254.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 37h
nginx-web NodePort 10.254.153.104 <none> 80:31808/TCP 4m19s
# 10.254.153.104是nginx的集群IP，代理前面3个pod，80是集群IP的端口31808是nodeport端口
#6.curl访问node_ip：nodeport
curl -I 192.168.10.15:31808 #状态200表示访问成功
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.17.0
Date: Sat, 29 Jun 2019 05:03:15 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Last-Modified: Tue, 21 May 2019 14:23:57 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5ce409fd-264"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
#7.在flannel网络主机上访问集群IP
ip add | grep 10.254
inet 10.254.0.1/32 brd 10.254.0.1 scope global kube-ipvs0
inet 10.254.153.104/32 brd 10.254.153.104 scope global kube-ipvs0
curl -I http://10.254.153.104:80 #返回如下
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.17.0
Date: Sat, 29 Jun 2019 05:05:56 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Last-Modified: Tue, 21 May 2019 14:23:57 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5ce409fd-264"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
2.9、部署集群插件
插件是集群的附件组件，丰富和完善了集群的功能
2.9.1、部署coredns插件
#1.将kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz解压后，再解压其中的 kubernetes-src.tar.gz 文件
tar -zxvf kubernetes-src.tar.gz -C src #coredns对应的目录是：cluster/addons/dns
#2.修改配置文件
cd src/cluster/addons/dns/coredns
cp coredns.yaml.base /etc/kubernetes/coredns.yaml
sed -i "s/__PILLAR__DNS__DOMAIN__/cluster.local/g" /etc/kubernetes/coredns.yaml
sed -i "s/__PILLAR__DNS__SERVER__/10.254.0.2/g" /etc/kubernetes/coredns.yaml
#3.创建coredns
kubectl create -f /etc/kubernetes/coredns.yaml
#4.检查codedns功能
kubectl -n kube-system get all -o wide
#显示如下
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/coredns-8854569d4-5vshp 1/1 Running 0 58m
#
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/kube-dns ClusterIP 10.254.0.2 <none> 53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP 81m
#
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
deployment.apps/coredns 1/1 1 1 58m
#
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
replicaset.apps/coredns-8854569d4 1 1 1 58m
#4.1
kubectl -n kube-system describe pod coredns
#4.2
kubectl -n kube-system logs coredns-8854569d4-5vshp
#5.使用容器验证
kubectl run dns-test --rm -it --image=alpine /bin/sh
#进入容器 ping 百度正常
ping www.baidu.com
PING www.baidu.com (182.61.200.6): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 182.61.200.6: seq=0 ttl=127 time=41.546 ms
64 bytes from 182.61.200.6: seq=1 ttl=127 time=35.043 ms
64 bytes from 182.61.200.6: seq=2 ttl=127 time=38.977 ms
64 bytes from 182.61.200.6: seq=3 ttl=127 time=40.633 ms
#查看所有集群pod
kubectl get --all-namespaces pods
#6.如果遇到镜像下载不下来，可以修改文件
sed -i "s/k8s.gcr.io/coredns/g" /etc/kubernetes/coredns.yaml
2.9.2、部署dashboard插件
参考
https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/wiki/Access-control
https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/issues/2558
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/organize-cluster-access-kubeconfig/
#1.将kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz 解压后，再解压其中的 kubernetes-src.tar.gz 文件。dashboard 对应的目录是：cluster/addons/dashboard ，拷贝dashboard的文件
mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/dashboard
cp -a /opt/kubernetes/src/cluster/addons/dashboard/{dashboard-configmap.yaml,dashboard-controller.yaml,dashboard-rbac.yaml,dashboard-secret.yaml,dashboard-service.yaml} /etc/kubernetes/dashboard
#2.修改配置文件
sed -i "s@image:.*@image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1@g" /etc/kubernetes/dashboard/dashboard-controller.yaml
sed -i "/spec/a\ type: NodePort" /etc/kubernetes/dashboard/dashboard-service.yaml
sed -i "/targetPort/a\ nodePort: 32700" /etc/kubernetes/dashboard/dashboard-service.yaml
#3.执行所有定义文件
kubectl create -f /etc/kubernetes/dashboard
#4.查看分配的NodePort
kubectl -n kube-system get all -o wide
#
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/coredns-8854569d4-5vshp 1/1 Running 0 119m
pod/kubernetes-dashboard-7d5f7c58f5-mr8zn 1/1 Running 0 5m1s
#
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/kube-dns ClusterIP 10.254.0.2 <none> 53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP 142m
service/kubernetes-dashboard NodePort 10.254.63.16 <none> 443:32700/TCP 51s
#
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
deployment.apps/coredns 1/1 1 1 119m
deployment.apps/kubernetes-dashboard 1/1 1 1 5m4s
#
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
replicaset.apps/coredns-8854569d4 1 1 1 119m
replicaset.apps/kubernetes-dashboard-7d5f7c58f5 1 1 1 5m4s
kubectl -n kube-system describe pod kubernetes-dashboard
#NodePort映射到dasrd pod 443端口；
#dashboard的 --authentication-mode 支持 token、basic，默认为 token。如果使用 basic，则 kube-apiserver 必须配置 '--authorization-mode=ABAC' 和 '--basic-auth-file' 参数。
#5.查看 dashboard 支持的命令行参数
kubectl exec --namespace kube-system -it kubernetes-dashboard-7d5f7c58f5-mr8zn -- /dashboard --help
#6.访问dashboard
# 为了集群安全，从1.7开始，dashboard只允许通过https访问，如果使用kube proxy则必须监听localhost或 127.0.0.1，对于NodePort没有这个限制，但是仅建议在开发环境中使用。对于不满足这些条件的登录访问，在登录成功后浏览器不跳转，始终停在登录界面。
参考1：https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/wiki/Accessing-Dashboard---1.7.X-and-above
参考2：https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/issues/2540
# 三种访问 dashboard 的方式
# 通过NodePort访问dashboard：
# 通过kubectl proxy访问dashboard：
# 通过kube-apiserver访问dashboard；
#7.通过NodePort访问dashboard
# kubernetes-dashboard服务暴露了NodePort，可以使用http://NodeIP:NodePort地址访问dashboard；
#8.通过 kubectl proxy 访问 dashboard
#启动代理：
kubectl proxy --address='localhost' --port=8086 --accept-hosts='^*$'
# --address 必须为 localhost 或 127.0.0.1；
# 需要指定 --accept-hosts 选项，否则浏览器访问 dashboard 页面时提示 “Unauthorized”；
# 浏览器访问 URL：http://127.0.0.1:8086/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy
#9.通过 kube-apiserver 访问 dashboard
# 获取集群服务地址列表：
kubectl cluster-info
# 必须通过 kube-apiserver 的安全端口(https)访问 dashbaord，访问时浏览器需要使用自定义证书，否则会被 kube-apiserver 拒绝访问。
# 创建和导入自定义证书的步骤，参考：A.浏览器访问kube-apiserver安全端口
# 浏览器访问 URL：https://192.168.10.100:8443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy
#10.创建登录 Dashboard 的 token 和 kubeconfig 配置文件
# 上面提到，Dashboard 默认只支持 token 认证，所以如果使用 KubeConfig 文件，需要在该文件中指定 token，不支持使用 client 证书认证。
# 创建登录 token，访问 dashboard时使用
kubectl create sa dashboard-admin -n kube-system
kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin
ADMIN_SECRET=$(kubectl get secrets -n kube-system | grep dashboard-admin | awk '{print $1}')
DASHBOARD_LOGIN_TOKEN=$(kubectl describe secret -n kube-system ${ADMIN_SECRET} | grep -E '^token' | awk '{print $2}')
echo ${DASHBOARD_LOGIN_TOKEN}
#使用输出的 token 登录 Dashboard。
#创建使用 token 的 KubeConfig 文件
cd /root/ssl
#设置集群参数
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=https://192.168.10.100:8443 \
--kubeconfig=dashboard.kubeconfig
#设置客户端认证参数，使用上面创建的 Token
kubectl config set-credentials dashboard_user \
--token=${DASHBOARD_LOGIN_TOKEN} \
--kubeconfig=dashboard.kubeconfig
#设置上下文参数
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=dashboard_user \
--kubeconfig=dashboard.kubeconfig
#设置默认上下文
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=dashboard.kubeconfig
#生成的 dashboard.kubeconfig 登录 Dashboard。
#由于缺少 Heapster 插件，当前 dashboard 不能展示 Pod、Nodes 的 CPU、内存等统计数据和图表；
2.9.3、部署heapster插件
Heapster是一个收集者，将每个Node上的cAdvisor的数据进行汇总，然后导到第三方工具(如InfluxDB)。Heapster 是通过调用 kubelet 的 http API 来获取 cAdvisor 的 metrics 数据的。由于 kublet 只在 10250 端口接收 https 请求，故需要修改 heapster 的 deployment 配置。同时，需要赋予 kube-system:heapster ServiceAccount 调用 kubelet API 的权限。
参考：配置 heapster：https://github.com/kubernetes/heapster/blob/master/docs/source-configuration.md
heapster下载地址：https://github.com/kubernetes-retired/heapster/releases
#1.解压heapster
mkdir /opt/heapster
tar -xzvf heapster-1.5.4.tar.gz -C /opt/heapster
#2.修改配置
mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/heapster
cp -a /opt/heapster/deploy/kube-config/influxdb/{grafana.yaml,heapster.yaml,influxdb.yaml} /etc/kubernetes/heapster
sed -i "s@image:.*@image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/heapster-grafana-amd64:v4.4.3@g" /etc/kubernetes/heapster/grafana.yaml
sed -i "67a\ type: NodePort" /etc/kubernetes/heapster/grafana.yaml
sed -i "/targetPort/a\ nodePort: 32699" /etc/kubernetes/heapster/grafana.yaml
sed -i "s@image:.*@image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/heapster-amd64:v1.5.3@g" /etc/kubernetes/heapster/heapster.yaml
# 由于 kubelet 只在 10250 监听 https 请求，故添加相关参数；
sed -i "s@source=.*@source=kubernetes:https://kubernetes.default?kubeletHttps=true\&kubeletPort=10250@g" /etc/kubernetes/heapster/heapster.yaml
sed -i "s@image:.*@image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/heapster-influxdb-amd64:v1.3.3@g" /etc/kubernetes/heapster/influxdb.yaml
# 将 serviceAccount kube-system:heapster 与 ClusterRole system:kubelet-api-admin 绑定，授予它调用 kubelet API 的权限；
cp -a /opt/heapster/deploy/kube-config/rbac/heapster-rbac.yaml /etc/kubernetes/heapster
cat > /etc/kubernetes/heapster/heapster-rbac.yaml <<EOF
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: heapster-kubelet-api
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: system:kubelet-api-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: heapster
namespace: kube-system
EOF
#3.执行所有定义文件
kubectl create -f /etc/kubernetes/heapster
kubectl apply -f /etc/kubernetes/heapster/heapster-rbac.yaml
#4.检查执行结果
kubectl -n kube-system get all -o wide | grep -E 'heapster|monitoring'
kubectl -n kube-system describe pod heapster
kubectl -n kube-system describe pod monitoring
# 检查 kubernets dashboard 界面，可以正确显示各 Nodes、Pods 的 CPU、内存、负载等统计数据和图表：
kubectl -n kube-system get all -o wide
kubectl -n kube-system logs heapster-7bdc95b5cc-8h7zt
#5.访问 grafana,通过 NodePort 访问：
kubectl get svc -n kube-system|grep -E 'monitoring|heapster'
#显示如下,grafana 监听 NodePort 32699；
heapster ClusterIP 10.254.159.62 <none> 80/TCP 12m k8s-app=heapster
monitoring-grafana NodePort 10.254.167.38 <none> 80:32699/TCP 4m29s k8s-app=grafana
monitoring-influxdb ClusterIP 10.254.155.141 <none> 8086/TCP 12m k8s-app=influxdb
kubectl get pod -n kube-system -o wide |grep -E 'monitoring|heapster'
#显示如下，然后浏览器访问 URL：http://192.168.10.16:32699/?orgId=1
heapster-7bdc95b5cc-8h7zt 1/1 Running 0 13m 172.30.34.4 192.168.10.15
monitoring-grafana-6cf5948cd4-rstxk 1/1 Running 0 5m 172.30.85.11 192.168.10.16
monitoring-influxdb-7d6c5fb944-qfd65 1/1 Running 0 13m 172.30.85.10 192.168.10.16
#6.通过 kube-apiserver 访问： 获取 monitoring-grafana 服务 URL：
kubectl cluster-info
#查到浏览器访问URL：https://192.168.10.100:8443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/monitoring-grafana/proxy
#通过 kubectl proxy 访问：创建代理
kubectl proxy --address='192.168.10.16' --port=8086 --accept-hosts='^*$'
# 浏览器访问 URL：http://192.168.10.16:8086/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/monitoring-grafana/proxy/?orgId=1
