Django项目复盘整理(一)------注册、登入、注销模块

注册、登入模块需要用到Django中内置的表单框架 官方文档地址

Django的表单功能可以简化和自动化上述工作的大部分内容，并且也能比大多数程序员自己编写代码去实现来的更安全些。
Django会处理涉及表单的三个不同部分：

• 准备并重组数据，以便下一步的渲染
• 为数据创建HTML 表单
• 接收并处理客户端提交的表单及数据

实战

在app下新建一个form来构建表单所需要的表单信息

基础跑通

- form.py

继承 forms.Form

from django import forms
class UserFrom(forms.Form):
    user = forms.CharField()
    pwd = forms.CharField()

- view.py

def regis(request):
    # 如果这是一个POST请求，我们需要处理表单数据
    if request.method == 'POST':
        # 创建一个表单实例，并用来自请求的数据填充它:
        form = UserFrom(request.POST)
        # 检查是否有效:
        if form.is_valid():
            # 以格式处理数据。cleaned_data获取数据
         	user = form.cleaned_data['usre']
            pwd = form.cleaned_data['pwd']
            # redirect to a new URL:
            return render(request,'login.html',locals())
    # 如果使用GET(或任何其他方法)，我们将创建一个空白表单
    else:
        form = UserFrom()

    return render(request, 'login.html', {'form': form})

- login.html

<form  action="/login/" method="post">
    {{ form }}
    <button type="submit">注册</button>
</form>

进阶(一)

form有许多属性---->文档地址

- form.py

PasswordInput : 相当于 input 的type=password，会隐藏输入信息
EmailInput：自动验证输入信息，必须为XXXXXX@XX.XXX邮箱形式。

from django import forms
class UserFrom(forms.Form):
    user = forms.CharField(label="用户名",max_length=10,widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class':'u'}))
    pwd = forms.CharField(label="密码",max_length=10,widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'class':'p'}))
    email = forms.CharField(label="邮箱",max_length=20,widget=forms.EmailInput(attrs={"class":'e'}))

- login.html

<form  action="/login/" method="post">
    <p>{{ form.user.label }}:{{ form.user }}</p>
    <p>{{ form.pwd.label }}:{{ form.pwd }}</p>
    <p>{{ form.email.label }}:{{ form.email }}</p>
    <button type="submit">注册</button>
</form>

自动生成的前端代码

<form action="/login/" method="post">
    <p>用户名:<input type="text" name="user" value="tom" class="u" maxlength="10" required="" id="id_user"></p>
    <p>密码:<input type="password" name="pwd" class="p" maxlength="10" required="" id="id_pwd"></p>
    <p>邮箱:<input type="email" name="email" class="e" maxlength="20" required="" id="id_email"></p>
    <button type="submit">注册</button>
</form>

进阶(二)–加入验证信息、提示信息等

- form.py

from django import forms
class UserFrom(forms.Form):
    user = forms.CharField(label="用户名",max_length=10,widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class':'u'}))
    pwd1 = forms.CharField(label="密码",max_length=10,widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'class':'p'}))
    pwd2 = forms.CharField(label="重复密码", max_length=10, widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'p'}))
    email = forms.CharField(label="邮箱",max_length=20,widget=forms.EmailInput(attrs={"class":'e'}))

- view.py

加入判断信息，如果pwd1不等于pwd2，返回提示信息。

def regis(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = UserFrom(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            user = form.cleaned_data['user']
            pwd1 = form.cleaned_data['pwd1']
            pwd2 = form.cleaned_data['pwd2']
            if pwd1!=pwd2:
                message = "密码不一样"
                return render(request,'login.html',locals())
            return render(request,'login.html',locals())
        else:
            message="信息不全"
            return render(request,'login.html',locals())
    else:
        form = UserFrom()
    return render(request, 'login.html', {'form': form})

- login.html

<form  action="/login/" method="post">
    {% if message %}
        {{ message }}
    {% endif %}
    <p>{{ form.user.label }}:{{ form.user }}</p>
    <p>{{ form.pwd1.label }}:{{ form.pwd1 }}</p>
    <p>{{ form.pwd2.label }}:{{ form.pwd2 }}</p>
    <p>{{ form.email.label }}:{{ form.email }}</p>
    <button type="submit">注册</button>
</form>

输入密码不相同的时候，返回提示信息。

进阶(三)—验证码captcha

Django内置验证码

安装 pip install django-simple-captcha

在setting中注册

INSTALLED_APPS = [
	~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
    'captcha'
]

- form.py

from django import forms
class UserFrom(forms.Form):
    user = forms.CharField(label="用户名",max_length=10,widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class':'u'}))
    pwd1 = forms.CharField(label="密码",max_length=10,widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'class':'p'}))
    pwd2 = forms.CharField(label="重复密码", max_length=10, widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'p'}))
    email = forms.CharField(label="邮箱",max_length=20,widget=forms.EmailInput(attrs={"class":'e'}))
    captcha =  CaptchaField(required=True,error_messages={"message":"验证码错误"})

- login.html

<form  action="/login/" method="post">
    {% if message %}
        {{ message }}
    {% endif %}
    <p>{{ form.user.label }}:{{ form.user }}</p>
    <p>{{ form.pwd1.label }}:{{ form.pwd1 }}</p>
    <p>{{ form.pwd2.label }}:{{ form.pwd2 }}</p>
    <p>{{ form.email.label }}:{{ form.email }}</p>
    <p>{{ form.captcha }}</p>
    <button type="submit">注册</button>
</form>

进阶(四)----session

- views.py

def regis(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = UserFrom(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            user = form.cleaned_data['user']
            pwd1 = form.cleaned_data['pwd1']
            pwd2 = form.cleaned_data['pwd2']
            if pwd1!=pwd2:
                message = "密码不一样"
                return render(request,'login.html',locals())
            request.session['name'] = user
            request.session['is_login'] = True
            return render(request,'login.html',locals())
        else:
            message="信息不全"
            return render(request,'login.html',locals())
    else:
        form = UserFrom()
    return render(request, 'login.html', {'form': form})

- login.html

<form  action="/login/" method="post">
    {% if message %}
        {{ message }}
    {% endif %}
    {% if request.session.is_login %}
        欢迎你 {{ request.session.name }}
    {% endif %}
    <p>{{ form.user.label }}:{{ form.user }}</p>
    <p>{{ form.pwd1.label }}:{{ form.pwd1 }}</p>
    <p>{{ form.pwd2.label }}:{{ form.pwd2 }}</p>
    <p>{{ form.email.label }}:{{ form.email }}</p>
    <p>{{ form.captcha }}</p>
    <button type="submit">注册</button>
</form>

登入成功后，判断session中的is_login是否为True,并返回前端页面

进阶(五)-----注销

urls.py

urlpatterns = [
    path('logout/',logout)
]

- views.py

def logout(request):
    request.session.flush()
    form = UserFrom()
    return render(request,'login.html',locals())

- login.py

添加

<a href="/logout/">注销</a>

点击注销后注销成功并返回注册页。

进阶(六)—注册

- models.py

class User(models.Model):
    user = models.CharField(primary_key=True,max_length=20,unique=True)
    password = models.CharField(max_length=20,null=False)
    email = models.CharField(max_length=50,null=False)
    def __str__(self):
        return self.user

- views.py

def regis(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = UserFrom(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            user = form.cleaned_data['user']
            pwd1 = form.cleaned_data['pwd1']
            pwd2 = form.cleaned_data['pwd2']
            email = form.cleaned_data['email']
            if pwd1!=pwd2:
                message = "密码不一样"
                return render(request,'login.html',locals())
            request.session['name'] = user
            request.session['is_login'] = True
            new_user = User.objects.create()
            new_user.user = user
            new_user.password = pwd1
            new_user.email=email
            new_user.save()
            return render(request,'login.html',locals())
        else:
            message="信息不全"
            return render(request,'login.html',locals())
    else:
        form = UserFrom()
        user_info = User.objects.all()
    return render(request, 'login.html', {'form': form,'user_info':user_info})

- 验证

在控制台中输入

python manage.py shell

>>> from login.models import User
>>> User.objects.all()
<QuerySet [<User: tom>]>
>>> User.objects.all()
<QuerySet [<User: tom>, <User: jk>]>
>>>