第三次OO总结
规格化设计的调研
随着50年代高级语言的出现,编译技术不断完善,涌现出多种流派的语言,其中就有里程碑式的Pascal语言;进入70年代,由于众多语言造成的不可移植、难于维护,Ada程序设计语言诞生了,强调大型系统可读性胜于可写性,Ada程序自成清晰的文档;经过80年代计算机硬件和操作系统的改善,程序设计重点从算法和数据结构实现技术向规模说明方向转移。从空间的角度观察, 广义上来说, 软件规格说明描述的是整个软件系统;狭义来说, 软件规格说明描述的是软件系统的组成部件。从时间的角度来观察, 广义来说, 软件规格说明方法适用于整个软件生命周期; 狭义上来说, 软件规格说明方法仅适用于软件生命周期的特定阶段。规格化设计可以提高程序的可读性,也可以提高阅读效率,便于以后的修改。
规格bug
可能是我运气太好了,这几次都没被扣规格的bug……
改进写法
1. 前置条件
1.1 忽略前置条件
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public int[][] getMatrix(Point dst){ /** *@ REQUIRES: None *@ MODIFIES: visited, dist *@ EFFECTS: normal_behaver \result == the shortest distance between point(x,y) from point(x2,y2) ; */ }
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public int[][] getMatrix(Point dst){ /** *@ REQUIRES: !tmp.empty *@ MODIFIES: visited, dist *@ EFFECTS: normal_behaver \result == the shortest distance between point(x,y) from point(x2,y2) ; */ }
1.2 前置条件不全
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private void chooseTaxi(){ /* * *@ REQUIRES: None *@ MODIFIES: \this.TarTaxi; *@ EFFECTS: \any int i=0;i<this.list.size;i++:!list.get(i).getTaxiState().equals(TaxiState.STOP)==> \target = list.get(i); */ }
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private void chooseTaxi(){ /* * *@ REQUIRES: \this.taxi!=null&&\this.taxi is sorted by credit; *@ MODIFIES: \this.TarTaxi; *@ EFFECTS: \any int i=0;i<this.list.size;i++:!list.get(i).getTaxiState().equals(TaxiState.STOP)==> \target = list.get(i); */ }
1.3 范围错误
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public void taxiControl(int n) { /** *@REQUIRES: n>0 && n<100 *@MODIFIES: None; *@EFFECTS: ...... */ }
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public void taxiControl(int n) { /** *@REQUIRES: n>=0 && n<100 *@MODIFIES: None; *@EFFECTS: ...... */ }
1.4 自然语言
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private int loadMap(BufferedReader Reader) throws IOException{ /* @ REQUIRES: in this method we load the map @ MODIFIES: Map[][] @ EFFECTS: \any char!=0&&char!=1 ==>System.out&&System.exit \any somewhere not cross road but has light ==>System.out&&System.exit */ }
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private int loadMap(BufferedReader Reader) throws IOException{ /* @ REQUIRES: File(path).exist @ MODIFIES: Map[][] @ EFFECTS: \any char!=0&&char!=1 ==>System.out&&System.exit \any somewhere not cross road but has light ==>System.out&&System.exit */ }
1.5 格式错误
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public void run(Taxi t){ /* @ REQUIRES: \t.status.equals(TaxiStatus.SERVING); @ MODIFIES: None @ EFFECTS: ...... */ }
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public void run(Taxi t){ /** @ REQUIRES: t.status.equals(TaxiStatus.SERVING); @ MODIFIES: None @ EFFECTS: ...... */ }
2. 后置条件
2.1 自然语言
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public synchronized void changeRoute() { /* @ REQUIRES: None @ MODIFIES: None @ EFFECTS: get the minimum flow and change the route */ }
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public synchronized void changeRoute() { /* @ REQUIRES: None @ MODIFIES: None @ EFFECTS: \result = this.route = this.map.minRoute(this.position, point); */ }
2.2 后置条件不全
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private int getDir(Point from, Point to){ /* @ REQUIRES: None @ MODIFIES: None @ EFFECTS: (to.getX() - from.getX() > 0) \return = 0;//D (to.getX() - from.getX() < 0) \return = 1;//U (to.getY() - from.getY() > 0) \return = 2;//R (to.getY() - from.getY() < 0) \return = 3;//L */ }
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private int getDir(Point from, Point to){ /* @ REQUIRES: None @ MODIFIES: None @ EFFECTS: (to.getX() - from.getX() > 0) \return = 0;//D (to.getX() - from.getX() < 0) \return = 1;//U (to.getY() - from.getY() > 0) \return = 2;//R (to.getY() - from.getY() < 0) \return = 3;//L \return = 4; */ }
2.3 没有体现modified的改变
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public void run() { /* @ REQUIRES: None @ MODIFIES: system, r, position. credit, state, req, route, timer @ EFFECTS: \this.state = 2&&\this.reqList.isEmpty==>\this.lastposition = \old.this.position;\this.position = getNextPos();t+=0.2+checkLight(lastposition, position, p); \this.state = 2&&!\this.reqList.isEmpty==>\this.lastposition = \old.this.position;\this.position = getNextRoute();t+=0.2+checkLight(lastposition, position, p); \this.state = 1||\this.state = 3==>this.lastposition = \old.this.position;\this.position = getNextRoute();t+=0.2+checkLight(lastposition, position, p); \this.state = 0 ==> t+=0.2+checkLight(lastposition, position, p); */ }
2.4 不符合格式规定
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public boolean repOK() { /* @ REQUIRES: None @ MODIFIES: None @ EFFECTS: (this.map==null||this.map.length==0) \result = false; \result = true; */ }
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public boolean repOK() { /* @ REQUIRES: None @ MODIFIES: None @ EFFECTS: (this.map==null||this.map.length==0) ==> \result == false; (this.map!=null&&this.map.length!=0) ==> \result == true; */ }
2.5 忽略后置条件
心得体会
这个规格也不知道该说点什么,都是写完代码看着复制粘贴,改改格式,然后基本也都是电工课解决的hhh可能之后3次要认真一点了
我一直很佛,对自己的程序和别人的程序都是随便测几个,虽然这不是对学术负责的态度?但是觉得吧几天写出来的东西怎么也会有错,至少我是这么认为自己的。自从ifttt自暴自弃,我就没被报过bug(除了第一次出租车的loadfile有点问题,主要还是自暴自弃吧)可能是大难不死必有后福?不过OO倒是让我知道了要更热爱生活,不然除了黑黢黢的屏幕,什么都不剩了。
posted on 2018-05-29 15:30 shewhowasborngood 阅读(146) 评论(0) 编辑 收藏 举报