Python Django: urlpatterns 变量的语法

urlpatterns 变量的语法

1 包含其它的URLconfs

在实际项目中，将所有应用的URL路径放置于一个 urls.py ，容易发生因为耦合程度高，造成后期自定义配置困难、维护成本高等问题。由此，Django 的 urls.py 配置文件可以 “include” 其它URLconf 模块，将一部分URL 放置于其它URL 下面。

1.1 项目目录结构如下

djangoProject

注：记得在settings.py中配置新添加的应用；

1.2 不同目录下的urls.py配置

  1. djangoProject\djangoProject\urls.py

    from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django01 import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^$', views.home),
    url(r'django01/', include('django01.urls')),
    url(r'django02/', include('django02.urls')),
]

  2. djangoProject\django01(/02)\urls.py

    from django.conf.urls import url
from django01(/02) import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^index/', views.index),
]

  3. 其他配置与之前一致。

2 url别名反向解析

# urls.py 下配置 url 别名 name

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^books/', views.books, name='books'),
    url(r'^booksadd/', views.books_add, name='books_add'),
    url(r'^booksedit/(\d)+', views.books_edit, name='books_edit'),
    url(r'^booksdelete/(\d)+', views.books_delete, name='books_delete'),
]

# views.py: 利用别名配置反向解析
	from django.urls import reverse

    # 编辑内容时，可能利用原始数据的内容，通过 url 定位所点击数据对象，再通过数据对象进行后序操作
    def books_edit(request, book_id):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        try:
            book_obj = Books.objects.get(id=book_id)
            print(reverse('books_edit')) #/booksedit/ 无参数
            print(reverse('books_edit',args=(2,))) #/booksedit/2/ 带参数

        except Exception:
            return HttpResponse('错误的修改！')
        return render(request, 'booksedit.html', {'book_obj': book_obj, 'book_id': book_id})
    else:
        status = True if (request.POST.get('status') == 'on') else False
        title = request.POST.get('title')
        price = request.POST.get('price')
        date = request.POST.get('date')
        publisher = request.POST.get('publisher')

        Books.objects.create(**{
            'status': status,
            'title': title,
            'price': price,
            'date': date,
            'publisher': publisher,
        })
    return redirect(reverse('books'))


# book_edit.html： form 表单用于接收 url 中的参数。
    <form action="{% url 'books_edit' %}" method="post">		# 无参数
    <form action="{% url 'books_edit' book_id %}" method="post">  # 有参数

3 url 命名空间

3.1 命名解析冲突实验环境

在 django 项目中创建两个应用 app01、app02 。

  1. 配置项目的 urls.py 如下：

     from django.contrib import admin
 from django.urls import path, include

 urlpatterns = [
     path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
     path('app01/', include('app01.urls')),
     path('app02/', include('app02.urls')),
 ]

  2. 在 app01、app02 文件下创建 urls.py 、views.py 分别配置如下：

    ************ app01/urls.py ************
from app01 import views

from django.urls import re_path

urlpatterns = [
    re_path(r'index/', views.index, name='index'),
]

************ app01/views.py ************
from django.shortcuts import reverse,HttpResponse

# Create your views here.
def index(request):
    print('app01: ', reverse('index'))
    return HttpResponse('app01 index')


************ app02/urls.py ************
from app02 import views

from django.urls import re_path

urlpatterns = [
    re_path(r'index/', views.index, name='index'),
]

************ app02/views.py ************
from django.shortcuts import reverse, HttpResponse


# Create your views here.
def index(request):
    print('app02: ', reverse('index'))
    return HttpResponse('app02 index')

  3. 通过浏览器分别访问 127.0.0.1:8000/app01/index 与 127.0.0.1:8000/app02/index ，虽然前端显示正确，但查看后台输出：

    app01:  /app02/index/
app02:  /app02/index/

    可以发现，app01 反向解析的 ‘index’ 为 /app02/index/ 。命名解析发生冲突。

3.2 解决方式：命名空间

3.2.1 方式一

在项目urls.py文件下，将 include() 所包含的模块中设置一个由 应用urlpattern 与 应用名称 组成的二元组。

  1. 修改项目的 urls.py 如下：

     from django.contrib import admin
 from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('app01/', include(('app01.urls', 'app01'), namespace='app01')),
    path('app02/', include(('app02.urls', 'app02'), namespace='app02')),
]

  2. 在 app01、app02 文件下修改 views.py 配置如下：

    ************ app01/views.py ************
from django.shortcuts import reverse,HttpResponse

# Create your views here.
def index(request):
    print('app01: ', reverse('app01:index'))
    return HttpResponse('app01 index')


************ app02/views.py ************
from django.shortcuts import reverse, HttpResponse


# Create your views here.
def index(request):
    print('app02: ', reverse('app02:index'))
    return HttpResponse('app02 index')

  3. 通过浏览器分别访问 127.0.0.1:8000/app01/index 与 127.0.0.1:8000/app02/index ，前端显示正确，查看后台输出正常解析：

    app01:  /app01/index/
app02:  /app02/index/

3.2.2 方式二

在 include 模块中，指定 app_name 。

  1. 在 app01、app02 文件下修改 urls.py 分别配置如下：

    ************ app01/urls.py ************
from app01 import views

from django.urls import re_path
# 添加 app_name。
app_name = 'app01'
urlpatterns = [
    re_path(r'index/', views.index, name='index'),
]

************ app01/views.py ************
from django.shortcuts import reverse,HttpResponse

# Create your views here.
def index(request):
    print('app01: ', reverse('app01:index'))
    return HttpResponse('app01 index')



************ app02/urls.py ************
from app02 import views

from django.urls import re_path
# 添加 app_name 。
app_name = 'app02'
urlpatterns = [
    re_path(r'index/', views.index, name='index'),
]

************ app02/views.py ************
from django.shortcuts import reverse, HttpResponse


# Create your views here.
def index(request):
    print('app02: ', reverse('app02:index'))
    return HttpResponse('app02 index')

  2. 通过浏览器分别访问 127.0.0.1:8000/app01/index 与 127.0.0.1:8000/app02/index ，前端显示正确，查看后台输出正常解析：

    app01:  /app01/index/
app02:  /app02/index/
posted @ 2021-04-07 06:21  f_carey  阅读(57)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报  来源