必备命令行集合_艾孜尔江撰

Graphical user interfaces are super friendly to computer users. They were introduced in reaction to the perceived steep learning curve of command-line interfaces (CLIs).

However, they often require more resources, are less powerful and hard to automate via scripting.

As a computer expert, we want to be more efficient and do our jobs better. We know that command words may not be easily discoverable or mnemonic, so we try to list some common tasks that you might be tempted to do in GUI.

1|0copy a file

STOP DRAG AND DROPPING A FILE, OR CMD/CTRL + C, CMD/CTRL + V A FILE 👎

Copy readme.txt to the documents directory

$ cp readme.txt documents/

2|0duplicate a file

STOP RIGHT CLICKING AND DUPLICATE A FILE 👎

$ cp readme.txt readme.bak.txt

More advanced:

$ cp readme{,.bak}.txt
# Note: learn how the {} works with touch foo{1,2,3}.txt and see what happens.

3|0copy a directory

STOP DRAG AND DROPPING A DIRECTORY, OR CMD/CTRL + C, CMD/CTRL + V A DIRECTORY 👎

Copy myMusic directory to the myMedia directory

$ cp -a myMusic myMedia/
# or
$ cp -a myMusic/ myMedia/myMusic/

4|0duplicate a directory

STOP RIGHT CLICKING AND DUPLICATE A DIRECTORY 👎

$ cp -a myMusic/ myMedia/
# or if `myMedia` folder doesn't exist
$ cp -a myMusic myMedia/

5|0move a file

STOP DRAG AND DROPPING A FILE, OR CMD/CTRL + X, CMD/CTRL + V A FILE 👎

$ mv readme.txt documents/

Always use a trailing slash when moving files, for this reason.

5|1rename a file

STOP RIGHT CLICKING AND RENAME A FILE 👎

$ mv readme.txt README.md

6|0move a directory

STOP DRAG AND DROPPING A DIRECTORY, OR CMD/CTRL + X, CMD/CTRL + V A DIRECTORY 👎

$ mv myMedia myMusic/
# or
$ mv myMedia/ myMusic/myMedia

7|0rename a directory

STOP RIGHT CLICKING AND RENAME A DIRECTORY 👎

$ mv myMedia/ myMusic/

8|0merge directories

STOP DRAG AND DROPPING TO MERGE DIRECTORIES 👎

$ rsync -a /images/ /images2/	# note: may over-write files with the same name, so be careful!

9|0create a new file

STOP RIGHT CLICKING AND CREATE A NEW FILE 👎

$ touch 'new file'    # updates the file's access and modification timestamp if it already exists
# or
$ > 'new file'        # note: erases the content if it already exists

10|0create a new directory

STOP RIGHT CLICKING AND CREATE A NEW DIRECTORY 👎

$ mkdir 'untitled folder'
# or
$ mkdir -p 'path/may/not/exist/untitled\ folder'

11|0show file/directory size

STOP RIGHT CLICKING AND SHOW FILE/directory INFO 👎

$ du -sh node_modules/

12|0show file/directory info

STOP RIGHT CLICKING AND SHOW FILE/DIRECTORY INFO 👎

$ stat -x readme.md   # on macOS
$ stat readme.md      # on Linux

13|0open a file with the default program

STOP DOUBLE CLICKING ON A FILE 👎

$ xdg-open file   # on Linux
$ open file       # on MacOS

14|0zip a directory

STOP RIGHT CLICKING AND COMPRESS DIRECTORY 👎

$ zip -r archive_name.zip folder_to_compress

15|0unzip a directory

STOP RIGHT CLICKING AND UNCOMPRESS DIRECTORY 👎

$ unzip archive_name.zip

16|0peek files in a zip file

STOP USING WinRAR 👎

$ zipinfo archive_name.zip
# or
$ unzip -l archive_name.zip

16|1remove a file

STOP RIGHT CLICKING AND DELETE A FILE PERMANENTLY 👎

$ rm my_useless_file

IMPORTANT: The rm command deletes my_useless_file permanently, which is equivalent to move my_useless_file to Recycle Bin and hit Empty Recycle Bin.

17|0remove a directory

STOP RIGHT CLICKING AND DELETE A DIRECTORY PERMANENTLY 👎

$ rm -r my_useless_folder

18|0list directory contents

STOP OPENING YOUR FINDER OR FILE EXPLORER 👎

$ ls my_folder        # Simple
$ ls -la my_folder    # -l: show in list format. -a: show all files, including hidden. -la combines those options.
$ ls -alrth my_folder # -r: reverse output. -t: sort by time (modified). -h: output human-readable sizes.

19|0tree view a directory and its subdirectories

STOP OPENING YOUR FINDER OR FILE EXPLORER 👎

$ tree                                                        # on Linux
$ find . -print | sed -e 's;[^/]*/;|____;g;s;____|; |;g'      # on MacOS
# Note: install homebrew (https://brew.sh) to be able to use (some) Linux utilities such as tree.
# brew install tree

20|0find a stale file

STOP USING YOUR FILE EXPLORER TO FIND A FILE 👎

Find all files modified more than 5 days ago

$ find my_folder -mtime +5

21|0show a calendar

STOP LOOKING UP WHAT THIS MONTH LOOKS LIKE BY CALENDAR WIDGETS 👎

Display a text calendar

$ cal

Display selected month and year calendar

$ cal 11 2018

22|0find a future date

STOP USING WEBAPPS TO CALCULATE FUTURE DATES 👎

What is todays date?

$ date +%m/%d/%Y

What about a week from now?

$ date -d "+7 days"                                           # on Linux
$ date -j -v+7d                                               # on MacOS

23|0use a calculator

STOP USING CALCULATOR WIDGET 👎

$ bc

24|0force quit a program

STOP CTRL + ALT + DELETE and choose the program to kill 👎

$ killall program_name

24|1check server response

STOP OPENING A BROWSER 👎

curl -i umair.surge.sh
# curl's -i (--include) option includes HTTP response headers in its output.

25|0view content of a file

STOP DOUBLE CLICKING A FILE 👎

$ cat apps/settings.py
# if the file is too big to fit on one page, you can use a 'pager' (less) which shows you one page at a time.
$ less apps/settings.py

26|0search for a text

STOP CMD/CTRL + F IN A DIRECTORY 👎

$ grep -i "Query" file.txt

27|0view an image

STOP USING PREVIEW 👎

$ imgcat image.png
# Note: requires iTerm2 terminal.

28|0show disk size

STOP RIGHT CLICKING DISK ICON OR OPENING DISK UTILITY 👎

$ df -h

29|0check performance of your computer

STOP OPENING YOUR ACTIVITY MONITOR OR TASK MANAGER 👎

$ top

30|0Quick tips

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31|0Hotkeys

Ctrl + A  Go to the beginning of the line you are currently typing on
Ctrl + E  Go to the end of the line you are currently typing on
Ctrl + L  Clears the Screen, similar to the clear command
Ctrl + U  Clears the line before the cursor position. If you are at the end of the line, clears the entire line.
Ctrl + H  Same as backspace
Ctrl + R  Lets you search through previously used commands
Ctrl + C  Kill whatever you are running
Ctrl + D  Exit the current shell
Ctrl + Z  Puts whatever you are running into a suspended background process. fg restores it.
Ctrl + W  Delete the word before the cursor
Ctrl + K  Clear the line after the cursor
Ctrl + T  Swap the last two characters before the cursor
Esc + T   Swap the last two words before the cursor
Alt + F   Move cursor forward one word on the current line
Alt + B   Move cursor backward one word on the current line
Tab       Auto-complete files and directory names

__EOF__

本文作者：艾孜尔江
本文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/ezhar/p/14920006.html
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