【转】Android 快捷方式的创建
http://blog.csdn.net/lenmoyouzi/article/details/16939977
一、在日常开发中,我们经常会遇到这样的需求就是网桌面添加快捷方式:常见的快捷方式有两种:一是APP的快捷方式,一是widget插件的快捷方式。下面详细介绍这两种情况的应用:
参考网站:http://www.cnblogs.com/lhxin/archive/2012/05/30/2526525.html
http://blog.csdn.net/xubin341719/article/details/7059285
二、APP的快捷方式:
1、 app快捷方式的实现又有两种情况,一是直接在桌面生成;一是通过长按桌面,在弹出的快捷菜单中生成。
2、直接生成快捷方式主要是通过发送系统广播InstallShortcutReceiver实现的。
我们先来看一下InstallShortcutReceiver的源代码。位于packages\apps\Launcher2\src\com\android\launcher2下面:
- /*
- * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
- package com.android.launcher2;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
- import android.content.Context;
- import android.content.Intent;
- import android.widget.Toast;
- import com.android.launcher.R;
- public class InstallShortcutReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
- public static final String ACTION_INSTALL_SHORTCUT =
- "com.android.launcher.action.INSTALL_SHORTCUT";
- // A mime-type representing shortcut data
- public static final String SHORTCUT_MIMETYPE =
- "com.android.launcher/shortcut";
- private final int[] mCoordinates = new int[2];
- public void onReceive(Context context, Intent data) {
- if (!ACTION_INSTALL_SHORTCUT.equals(data.getAction())) {
- return;
- }
- int screen = Launcher.getScreen();
- if (!installShortcut(context, data, screen)) {
- // The target screen is full, let's try the other screens
- for (int i = 0; i < Launcher.SCREEN_COUNT; i++) {
- if (i != screen && installShortcut(context, data, i)) break;
- }
- }
- }
- private boolean installShortcut(Context context, Intent data, int screen) {
- String name = data.getStringExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SHORTCUT_NAME);
- if (findEmptyCell(context, mCoordinates, screen)) {
- Intent intent = data.getParcelableExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SHORTCUT_INTENT);
- if (intent != null) {
- if (intent.getAction() == null) {
- intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
- }
- // By default, we allow for duplicate entries (located in
- // different places)
- boolean duplicate = data.getBooleanExtra(Launcher.EXTRA_SHORTCUT_DUPLICATE, true);
- if (duplicate || !LauncherModel.shortcutExists(context, name, intent)) {
- LauncherApplication app = (LauncherApplication) context.getApplicationContext();
- app.getModel().addShortcut(context, data,
- LauncherSettings.Favorites.CONTAINER_DESKTOP, screen, mCoordinates[0],
- mCoordinates[1], true);
- Toast.makeText(context, context.getString(R.string.shortcut_installed, name),
- Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
- } else {
- Toast.makeText(context, context.getString(R.string.shortcut_duplicate, name),
- Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
- }
- return true;
- }
- } else {
- Toast.makeText(context, context.getString(R.string.out_of_space),
- Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
- }
- return false;
- }
- private static boolean findEmptyCell(Context context, int[] xy, int screen) {
- final int xCount = LauncherModel.getCellCountX();
- final int yCount = LauncherModel.getCellCountY();
- boolean[][] occupied = new boolean[xCount][yCount];
- ArrayList<ItemInfo> items = LauncherModel.getItemsInLocalCoordinates(context);
- ItemInfo item = null;
- int cellX, cellY, spanX, spanY;
- for (int i = 0; i < items.size(); ++i) {
- item = items.get(i);
- if (item.container == LauncherSettings.Favorites.CONTAINER_DESKTOP) {
- if (item.screen == screen) {
- cellX = item.cellX;
- cellY = item.cellY;
- spanX = item.spanX;
- spanY = item.spanY;
- for (int x = cellX; x < cellX + spanX && x < xCount; x++) {
- for (int y = cellY; y < cellY + spanY && y < yCount; y++) {
- occupied[x][y] = true;
- }
- }
- }
- }
- }
- return CellLayout.findVacantCell(xy, 1, 1, xCount, yCount, occupied);
- }
- }
通过以上源代码的阅读,我相信你基本了解创建的原理了。那么我们来实现自动创建快捷方式的逻辑。在activity中创建的代码:
- private void createShortcut() {
- Intent shortcut = new Intent("com.android.launcher.action.INSTALL_SHORTCUT");
- shortcut.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SHORTCUT_NAME, getString(R.string.app_name));
- shortcut.putExtra("duplicate", false);//设置是否重复创建
- Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MAIN);
- intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_LAUNCHER);
- intent.setClass(this, WelcomeActivity.class);//设置第一个页面
- shortcut.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SHORTCUT_INTENT, intent);
- ShortcutIconResource iconRes = Intent.ShortcutIconResource.fromContext(this, R.drawable.logo);
- shortcut.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SHORTCUT_ICON_RESOURCE, iconRes);
- sendBroadcast(shortcut);
- }
如果在创建快捷方式的时候,我们没有指定“duplicate"属性,我们又不想重复创建,那么我们在创建之前就要判断是否存在快捷方式:
- // 判读是否已经存在快捷方式
- public boolean isExistShortCut() {
- boolean isInstallShortcut = false;
- final ContentResolver cr = MainActivity.this.getContentResolver();
- // 本人的2.2系统是”com.android.launcher2.settings”,网上见其他的为"com.android.launcher.settings"
- final String AUTHORITY = "com.android.launcher2.settings";
- final Uri CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTHORITY + "/favorites?notify=true");
- Cursor c = cr.query(CONTENT_URI, new String[] { "title", "iconResource" }, "title=?", new String[] { getString(R.string.app_name) }, null);
- if (c != null && c.getCount() > 0) {
- isInstallShortcut = true;
- System.out.println("已经存在快捷方式");
- }
- return isInstallShortcut;
- }
注意要添加上对应的权限:<uses-permission android:name="com.android.launcher.permission.INSTALL_SHORTCUT"/>
三、通过系统长按方式实现的原理和上面差不多。单实现起来稍微要简单些。
首先在注册activity时,需要添加一个action为android.intent.action.CREATE_SHOERTCUT的intentFilter.如下所示:
- <activity android:name="ShortCutTest">
- <intent-filter>
- <action android:name="android.intent.action.CREATE_SHORTCUT"/>
- </intent-filter>
- </activity>
接下来就是就是设置快捷方式的图标、名称、事件等属性。这里图表的生成,android里提供了专门的方法来生成。
- public class ShortCutTest extends Activity{
- @Override
- protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- createShortCut();
- }
- public void createShortCut(){
- Intent addShortCut;
- //判断是否需要添加快捷方式
- if(getIntent().getAction().equals(Intent.ACTION_CREATE_SHORTCUT)){
- addShortCut = new Intent();
- //快捷方式的名称
- addShortCut.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SHORTCUT_NAME , "我的快捷方式");
- //显示的图片
- Parcelable icon = ShortcutIconResource.fromContext(this, R.drawable.icon);
- addShortCut.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SHORTCUT_ICON_RESOURCE, icon);
- //快捷方式激活的activity,需要执行的intent,自己定义
- addShortCut.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SHORTCUT_INTENT, new Intent());
- //OK,生成
- setResult(RESULT_OK, addShortCut);
- }else{
- //取消
- setResult(RESULT_CANCELED);
- }
- }
- }
四、快捷方式的手机适配问题:
在开发中我们还会遇到这样的情况,一个APP要创建多个快捷方式,但是对应的快捷方式打开的activity的类名又是一样的,
例如:打开的都是activity都是com.test.MainActivity,然后根据传入的参数选择具体哪个tab下面的界面。例如创建语句为:
- ComponentName componentName = new ComponentName(context.getPackageName(), "com.test.MainActivity");
- Intent shortcutIntent = new Intent("com.android.launcher.action.INSTALL_SHORTCUT");
- shortcutIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SHORTCUT_NAME, res.getString(nameResourceId));
- shortcutIntent.putExtra("duplicate", duplicate); // 是否允许重复创建
- shortcutIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SHORTCUT_INTENT, new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MAIN).setComponent(componentName).putExtra("tab_contact_flag", tabPosition));
- shortcutIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SHORTCUT_ICON, ((BitmapDrawable) res.getDrawable(iconResourceId)).getBitmap());
- context.sendBroadcast(shortcutIntent);
问题在于手机的适配,大部分手机会直接根据我们传入的:Intent.EXTRA_SHORTCUT_NAME对应的值去获取ApplicationInfo 的title.一些手机却根据我们传入的activity去找activity对应的name。由于我们传入的activity类名一样,所以获取到的ApplicationInfo 的title也是一样的。这时候的解决办法为跟activity取一个别名。
- <activity-alias
- android:name="com.test.tmpcontacts"
- android:clearTaskOnLaunch="true"
- android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher_shortcut_contact"
- android:label="@string/shortcut_contact"
- android:launchMode="singleTask"
- android:targetActivity="com.test.MainActivity" >
- <intent-filter>
- <action android:name="android.intent.action.CREATE_SHORTCUT" />
- <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
- </intent-filter>
- </activity-alias>
在传递应用包名的时候,就传递我们取的别名