JAVA框架 Spring 依赖注入

一:介绍

情景:我们在给程序分层的时候:web层、业务层、持久层,各个层之间会有依赖。比如说:业务层和持久层,业务层的代码在调用持久层的时候,传统方式:new 持久层类。

进而进行调用,这种方式会导致耦合性较高,在修改一层代码的时候,另一层的也需要更改代码。不利于维护。这种关系叫做“依赖”。

如何解决?

解决:

Spring给咱们提供依赖注入,也就是说当一个类的对象注入的时候,伴随着他依赖的类也注入。

代码:

1)传统方式:

 1 package jd.com.service;
 2 
 3 import jd.com.dao.UserDaoImpl;
 4 import org.junit.Test;
 5 
 6 public class UserServiceImpl implements  UserService {
 7     @Test
 8     @Override
 9     public void save() {
10         System.out.println("业务层调用持久层。");
11         //传统方式
12         UserDaoImpl userDao=new UserDaoImpl();
13         userDao.save();
14     }
15 }

这种方式导致各个层之间耦合性较高。

2)set方式依赖注入(类):

set方式:被依赖的类需要设置成字段,并且提供set方法。

private  UserDaoImpl userDao;

public void setUserDao(UserDaoImpl userDao) {
this.userDao = userDao;
}

被依赖的来:

1 package jd.com.dao;
2 
3 public class UserDaoImpl  implements UserService{
4     @Override
5     public void save() {
6         System.out.println("持久层保存数据。");
7     }
8 }

调用的类:

 1 package jd.com.service;
 2 
 3 import jd.com.dao.UserDaoImpl;
 4 import org.junit.Test;
 5 
 6 public class UserServiceImpl implements  UserService {
 7     //set方式
 8 
 9     private  UserDaoImpl userDao;
10 
11     public void setUserDao(UserDaoImpl userDao) {
12         this.userDao = userDao;
13     }
14 
15     public void  save(){
16         System.out.println("业务层调用持久层。");
17         userDao.save();
18     }
19 } 

测试类:

 1 package jd.com.service;
 2 
 3 import org.junit.Test;
 4 import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
 5 import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
 6 
 7 public class Testdemo {
 8     @Test
 9     public  void  testdemo(){
10         ApplicationContext ac= new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
11         UserService userService= (UserService) ac.getBean("userserv");
12         userService.save();
13 
14     }
15 }

配置文件配置:

1     <bean id="dao"  class="jd.com.dao.UserDaoImpl" />
2     <!--如果是类的数需要使用ref 值为被依赖的类的id名字-->
3     <bean  id="userserv" class= "jd.com.service.UserServiceImpl" >
4         <property name="userDao" ref="dao" />
5     </bean>

3)set方法(设置字段):

字段注入也类似上面但是这种方式配置文件是不一样的。

配置文件:

1     <bean  id="userserv" class= "jd.com.service.UserServiceImpl" >
2         <property name="userDao" ref="dao" />
3         <!--name是属性key value是属性value-->
4         <property name="oop"  value="java"/>
5     </bean>

代码:需要设置set方法

1     public    String oop;
2 
3     public void setOop(String oop) {
4         this.oop = oop;
5     }
1     @Test
2     public void test(){
3         ApplicationContext ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
4         UserServiceImpl userService= (UserServiceImpl) ac.getBean("userserv");
5         System.out.println(userService.oop);
6     }

 4)构造方法依赖注入:

依赖类:在构造方法中进行属性设置.

 1 package jd.com.service;
 2 
 3 import jd.com.dao.UserDaoImpl;
 4 
 5 
 6 public class UserServiceImpl implements  UserService {
 7 
 8 
 9     public String ko;
10     public   String ok;
11     private  UserDaoImpl userDao;
12 
13 
14     public  UserServiceImpl (UserDaoImpl userDao ,String ko ,String ok){
15         this.userDao=userDao;
16         this.ko=ko;
17         this.ok=ok;
18     }
19 
20 
21 
22     public void  save(){
23         System.out.println("业务层调用持久层。");
24         userDao.save();
25     }
26 }

 测试代码:

1     @Test
2     public  void  test2(){
3         ApplicationContext ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
4         UserServiceImpl us= (UserServiceImpl) ac.getBean("userserv");
5         us.save();
6         System.out.println(us.ok);
7         System.out.println(us.ko);
8     }
9 }

配置文件配置:需要注意标签是:1、constructor-arg 2、index和name不能混合使用。3、属性是其他类的时候需要注意使用ref=“类的配置文件id”

1     <bean id="userserv" class="jd.com.service.UserServiceImpl">
2         <constructor-arg name="userDao" ref="dao" />
3         <constructor-arg name="ko" value="python" />
4         <constructor-arg name="ok" value="java" />
5     </bean>
6     <bean id="dao"  class="jd.com.dao.UserDaoImpl" />

4)其他方式注入:Array,list、set、map、properites属性文件注入(不常用SSH整合的时候会用到)

实现类:

 1 package jd.com.service;
 2 
 3 import jd.com.dao.UserDaoImpl;
 4 
 5 
 6 public class UserServiceImpl implements  UserService {
 7 
 8 
 9     public String ko;
10     public   String ok;
11     private  UserDaoImpl userDao;
12 
13 
14     public  UserServiceImpl (UserDaoImpl userDao ,String ko ,String ok){
15         this.userDao=userDao;
16         this.ko=ko;
17         this.ok=ok;
18     }
19 
20 
21 
22     public void  save(){
23         System.out.println("业务层调用持久层。");
24         userDao.save();
25     }
26 }

 

测试类:

 1 package jd.com.other;
 2 
 3 import org.junit.Test;
 4 import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
 5 import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
 6 
 7 import java.util.Arrays;
 8 
 9 public class TestDemo {
10     @Test
11     public void testDemo(){
12         ApplicationContext ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
13         InOtherImpl inOther= (InOtherImpl) ac.getBean("in");
14         System.out.println(Arrays.toString(inOther.testar));
15     }
16     @Test
17     public  void  testDemo2(){
18         ApplicationContext ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
19         InOtherImpl inOther= (InOtherImpl) ac.getBean("in");
20         System.out.println(inOther.list);
21     }
22     @Test
23     public  void  testDemo3(){
24         ApplicationContext ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
25         InOtherImpl inOther= (InOtherImpl) ac.getBean("in");
26         System.out.println(inOther.map);
27     }
28     @Test
29     public  void  testDemo4(){
30         ApplicationContext ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
31         InOtherImpl inOther= (InOtherImpl) ac.getBean("in");
32         System.out.println(inOther.pro);
33     }
34 }

 

配置文件:

 1     <bean id="in" class="jd.com.other.InOtherImpl">
 2         <property name="testar">
 3             <list>
 4                 <value>io</value>
 5                 <value>oop</value>
 6                 <value>ok</value>
 7             </list>
 8         </property>
 9         <property name="list"  >
10             <list>
11                 <value>java</value>
12                 <value>python</value>
13             </list>
14 
15         </property>
16         <property name="map">
17             <map>
18                 <entry key="oop" value="java" />
19             </map>
20         </property>
21         <property name="pro">
22             <props>
23                 <prop key="url" >http://172.17.33.21:3358</prop>
24                 <prop key="user" >root</prop>
25                 <prop key="password" >123</prop>
26             </props>
27         </property>
28     </bean>

 

需要注意的是:

如果写引用话 一般在value-ref的字段。

posted @ 2018-04-16 16:31  evil_liu  阅读(4191)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报