Kubernetes常用命令

目录

• 一 Kubernetes常用命令
  • 1 获取命令
    • 1.1 获取子命令
  • 2 常用命令介绍
    • 2.1 run
    • 2.2 expose
    • 2.3 create
    • 2.4 delete
    • 2.5 apply
    • 2.6 get
    • 2.7 explain
    • 2.8 describe
    • 2.9 scale
    • 2.10 set
    • 2.11 rollout
    • 2.12 exec
    • 2.13 logs
    • 2.14 cp
  • 3 参考文档

一 Kubernetes常用命令

1 获取命令

kubectl --help

Basic Commands (Beginner):
  create         Create a resource from a file or from stdin.
  expose         Take a replication controller, service, deployment or pod and expose it as a new Kubernetes Service
  run            Run a particular image on the cluster
  set            Set specific features on objects

Basic Commands (Intermediate):
  explain        Documentation of resources
  get            Display one or many resources
  edit           Edit a resource on the server
  delete         Delete resources by filenames, stdin, resources and names, or by resources and label selector

Deploy Commands:
  rollout        Manage the rollout of a resource
  scale          Set a new size for a Deployment, ReplicaSet, Replication Controller, or Job
  autoscale      Auto-scale a Deployment, ReplicaSet, or ReplicationController

Cluster Management Commands:
  certificate    Modify certificate resources.
  cluster-info   Display cluster info
  top            Display Resource (CPU/Memory/Storage) usage.
  cordon         Mark node as unschedulable
  uncordon       Mark node as schedulable
  drain          Drain node in preparation for maintenance
  taint          Update the taints on one or more nodes

Troubleshooting and Debugging Commands:
  describe       Show details of a specific resource or group of resources
  logs           Print the logs for a container in a pod
  attach         Attach to a running container
  exec           Execute a command in a container
  port-forward   Forward one or more local ports to a pod
  proxy          Run a proxy to the Kubernetes API server
  cp             Copy files and directories to and from containers.
  auth           Inspect authorization

Advanced Commands:
  apply          Apply a configuration to a resource by filename or stdin
  patch          Update field(s) of a resource using strategic merge patch
  replace        Replace a resource by filename or stdin
  wait           Experimental: Wait for a specific condition on one or many resources.
  convert        Convert config files between different API versions

Settings Commands:
  label          Update the labels on a resource
  annotate       Update the annotations on a resource
  completion     Output shell completion code for the specified shell (bash or zsh)

Other Commands:
  alpha          Commands for features in alpha
  api-resources  Print the supported API resources on the server
  api-versions   Print the supported API versions on the server, in the form of "group/version"
  config         Modify kubeconfig files
  plugin         Provides utilities for interacting with plugins.
  version        Print the client and server version information

1.1 获取子命令

kubectl <command> --help
kubectl create --help

2 常用命令介绍

2.1 run

创建容器镜像
	1：启动nginx实例
		kubectl run nginx --image=nginx
	2：启动nginx实例，暴露容器端口80，设置副本数2
		kubectl run nginx --image=nginx --port=80 --replicas=2

2.2 expose

为Pod资源创建一个service
	1：为nginx创建service，并通过Service的80端口转发至容器的80端口上
		kubectl expose deployment nginx --name=nginx --port=80 --target-port==80

2.3 create

创建一个集群资源对象（Pod,Service,job,configMap,namespace...）
	1：基于命令创建资源对象
		kubectl create deployment my-dep --image=busybox
		kubectl create service clusterip my-cs --tcp=5678:8080
	2：基于文件创建资源对象
		kubectl create -f pod.yaml
		kubectl create -f service.yaml

2.4 delete

删除资源对象（Pod,Service,job,configMap,namespace...）
	1：基于命令删除资源对象
		kubectl delete deployment my-dep
		kubectl delete service my-cs
	2：基于文件删除资源对象
		kubectl delete -f pod.yaml
		kubectl delete -f service.yaml

2.5 apply

创建一个集群资源对象（Pod,Service,job,configMap,namespace...）
	1：基于文件创建资源对象
		kubectl apply -f pod.yaml
		kubectl apply -f service.yaml
	2：apply与create区别
		kubectl apply -f FILENAME 可多次执行，每次修改资源清单后，使用apply可直接部署
		kubectl create -f FILENAME 不可多次执行，每次修改资源清单后，需要先删除资源后才能部署
		推荐使用apply部署资源对象，delete删除资源对象

2.6 get

获取资源信息（Pod,Service,job,configMap,namespace...）
	1：列出所有运行的Pod信息，列出kube-system命令空间中运行的Pod
		kubectl get pods
		kubectl get pods -n kube-system
	2：列出Pod以及运行Pod节点信息
		kubectl get pods -o wide
	3：以JSON格式输出一个pod信息
		kubectl get pod nginx -o json
	4：列出所有replication controllers,deployment和service信息
		kubectl get rc
		kubectl get deployment
		kubectl get services
	5：列出所有不同的资源对象
		kubectl get all
	6：列出集群组件运行状态信息
		kubectl get cs

2.7 explain

列出支持的资源的字段，用于资源清单文件编写资料查看<.yaml>（Pod,Service,job,configMap,namespace...）
	1：获取pods/service支持的资源字段
		kubectl explain pods
		kubectl explain service
	2：获取pods资源下spec资源支持的字段
		kubectl explain pods。spec

2.8 describe

显示特定资源的信息
	1：显示pods nginx的详细信息
		kubectl describe pods nginx
	2：显示service nginx的详细信息
		kubectl describe svc nginx
	3：显示节点1的详细信息
		kubectl describe node k8s-node1

2.9 scale

扩缩Pod数量（扩容或缩容 Deployment、ReplicaSet、Replication Controller或 Job 中Pod数量）
	1：将名为nginx的pod副本数设置为3
		kubectl scale --replicas=3 deployment nginx
	2：将名为nginx的pod副本数设置为1
		kubectl scale --replicas=1 deployment nginx

2.10 set

配置应用资源（升级、回滚等）
	1：设置名为nginx的pod运行的镜像为：nginx:1.14-alpine
		kubectl set image deployment nginx nginx=nginx:1.14-alpine

2.11 rollout

对资源进行管理
	1：查看历史版本
		kubectl rollout history deployment nginx
	2：暂停资源 （）只要deployment在暂停中，使用deployment更新将不会生效）
		kubectl rollout pause deployment nginx
	3：恢复暂停资源
		kubectl rollout resume deployment nginx
	4：查看资源状态
		kubectl rollout status deployment nginx
	5：回滚版本
		kubectl rollout undo deployment nginx

2.12 exec

在容器中执行命令
	1：连接Pod终端
		kubectl exec -it PODNAME -- sh
	2：连接kube-system命名空间中的Pod终端
		kubectl exec -it -n kube-system PODNAME -- sh

2.13 logs

打印Pod日志：
	1：查看Pod日志
		kubectl logs PODNAME

2.14 cp

拷贝文件
	1： 从msster节点拷贝文件到Pod
		kubectl cp /etc/fstab PODNAME:/tmp
	2：从Pod节点拷贝文件到msster
		kubectl cp PODNAME:/tmp /etc/fstab

3 参考文档

Kubernetes 官方文档
Kubernetes 中文文档