Kubernetes常用命令
目录
一 Kubernetes常用命令
1 获取命令
kubectl --help
Basic Commands (Beginner):
create Create a resource from a file or from stdin.
expose Take a replication controller, service, deployment or pod and expose it as a new Kubernetes Service
run Run a particular image on the cluster
set Set specific features on objects
Basic Commands (Intermediate):
explain Documentation of resources
get Display one or many resources
edit Edit a resource on the server
delete Delete resources by filenames, stdin, resources and names, or by resources and label selector
Deploy Commands:
rollout Manage the rollout of a resource
scale Set a new size for a Deployment, ReplicaSet, Replication Controller, or Job
autoscale Auto-scale a Deployment, ReplicaSet, or ReplicationController
Cluster Management Commands:
certificate Modify certificate resources.
cluster-info Display cluster info
top Display Resource (CPU/Memory/Storage) usage.
cordon Mark node as unschedulable
uncordon Mark node as schedulable
drain Drain node in preparation for maintenance
taint Update the taints on one or more nodes
Troubleshooting and Debugging Commands:
describe Show details of a specific resource or group of resources
logs Print the logs for a container in a pod
attach Attach to a running container
exec Execute a command in a container
port-forward Forward one or more local ports to a pod
proxy Run a proxy to the Kubernetes API server
cp Copy files and directories to and from containers.
auth Inspect authorization
Advanced Commands:
apply Apply a configuration to a resource by filename or stdin
patch Update field(s) of a resource using strategic merge patch
replace Replace a resource by filename or stdin
wait Experimental: Wait for a specific condition on one or many resources.
convert Convert config files between different API versions
Settings Commands:
label Update the labels on a resource
annotate Update the annotations on a resource
completion Output shell completion code for the specified shell (bash or zsh)
Other Commands:
alpha Commands for features in alpha
api-resources Print the supported API resources on the server
api-versions Print the supported API versions on the server, in the form of "group/version"
config Modify kubeconfig files
plugin Provides utilities for interacting with plugins.
version Print the client and server version information
1.1 获取子命令
kubectl <command> --help
kubectl create --help
2 常用命令介绍
2.1 run
创建容器镜像
1：启动nginx实例
kubectl run nginx --image=nginx
2：启动nginx实例，暴露容器端口80，设置副本数2
kubectl run nginx --image=nginx --port=80 --replicas=2
2.2 expose
为Pod资源创建一个service
1：为nginx创建service，并通过Service的80端口转发至容器的80端口上
kubectl expose deployment nginx --name=nginx --port=80 --target-port==80
2.3 create
创建一个集群资源对象（Pod,Service,job,configMap,namespace...）
1：基于命令创建资源对象
kubectl create deployment my-dep --image=busybox
kubectl create service clusterip my-cs --tcp=5678:8080
2：基于文件创建资源对象
kubectl create -f pod.yaml
kubectl create -f service.yaml
2.4 delete
删除资源对象（Pod,Service,job,configMap,namespace...）
1：基于命令删除资源对象
kubectl delete deployment my-dep
kubectl delete service my-cs
2：基于文件删除资源对象
kubectl delete -f pod.yaml
kubectl delete -f service.yaml
2.5 apply
创建一个集群资源对象（Pod,Service,job,configMap,namespace...）
1：基于文件创建资源对象
kubectl apply -f pod.yaml
kubectl apply -f service.yaml
2：apply与create区别
kubectl apply -f FILENAME 可多次执行，每次修改资源清单后，使用apply可直接部署
kubectl create -f FILENAME 不可多次执行，每次修改资源清单后，需要先删除资源后才能部署
推荐使用apply部署资源对象，delete删除资源对象
2.6 get
获取资源信息（Pod,Service,job,configMap,namespace...）
1：列出所有运行的Pod信息，列出kube-system命令空间中运行的Pod
kubectl get pods
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
2：列出Pod以及运行Pod节点信息
kubectl get pods -o wide
3：以JSON格式输出一个pod信息
kubectl get pod nginx -o json
4：列出所有replication controllers,deployment和service信息
kubectl get rc
kubectl get deployment
kubectl get services
5：列出所有不同的资源对象
kubectl get all
6：列出集群组件运行状态信息
kubectl get cs
2.7 explain
列出支持的资源的字段，用于资源清单文件编写资料查看<.yaml>（Pod,Service,job,configMap,namespace...）
1：获取pods/service支持的资源字段
kubectl explain pods
kubectl explain service
2：获取pods资源下spec资源支持的字段
kubectl explain pods。spec
2.8 describe
显示特定资源的信息
1：显示pods nginx的详细信息
kubectl describe pods nginx
2：显示service nginx的详细信息
kubectl describe svc nginx
3：显示节点1的详细信息
kubectl describe node k8s-node1
2.9 scale
扩缩Pod数量（扩容或缩容 Deployment、ReplicaSet、Replication Controller或 Job 中Pod数量）
1：将名为nginx的pod副本数设置为3
kubectl scale --replicas=3 deployment nginx
2：将名为nginx的pod副本数设置为1
kubectl scale --replicas=1 deployment nginx
2.10 set
配置应用资源（升级、回滚等）
1：设置名为nginx的pod运行的镜像为：nginx:1.14-alpine
kubectl set image deployment nginx nginx=nginx:1.14-alpine
2.11 rollout
对资源进行管理
1：查看历史版本
kubectl rollout history deployment nginx
2：暂停资源 （）只要deployment在暂停中，使用deployment更新将不会生效）
kubectl rollout pause deployment nginx
3：恢复暂停资源
kubectl rollout resume deployment nginx
4：查看资源状态
kubectl rollout status deployment nginx
5：回滚版本
kubectl rollout undo deployment nginx
2.12 exec
在容器中执行命令
1：连接Pod终端
kubectl exec -it PODNAME -- sh
2：连接kube-system命名空间中的Pod终端
kubectl exec -it -n kube-system PODNAME -- sh
2.13 logs
打印Pod日志：
1：查看Pod日志
kubectl logs PODNAME
2.14 cp
拷贝文件
1： 从msster节点拷贝文件到Pod
kubectl cp /etc/fstab PODNAME:/tmp
2：从Pod节点拷贝文件到msster
kubectl cp PODNAME:/tmp /etc/fstab
