python利用request发送post请求

1. post请求方式编码有3种:

application/x-www-form-urlencoded   #最常见的post提交数据的方式,以form表单形式提交数据
application/json     #以json格式提交数据
multipart/form-data   #一般使用来上传文件(较少用)

2. post一贯的用法是:requests.post(url,data), 具体我们使用不同的编码方式来有所不同:

 1)、传统表单post请求(x-www-form-urlencoded)

import requests,json
 
url = 'http://httpbin.org/post'
data = {'key1':'value1','key2':'value2'}
r =requests.post(url,data)
print(r.text)

  2)Requests以json形式发送post请求,

import requests,json
 
url_json = 'http://httpbin.org/post'
data_json = json.dumps({'key1':'value1','key2':'value2'})   #dumps:将python对象解码为json数据
r_json = requests.post(url_json,data_json)

print(r_json.text)

#post的body是json类型,也可以用json参数传入;先导入json模块,用dumps方法转化成json格式;返回结果,传到data里

 3)Requests以multipart形式发送post请求

import requests,json
 
url_mul = 'http://httpbin.org/post'
files = {'file':open('E://report.txt','rb')}
r = requests.post(url_mul,files=files)

print(r.text)

 3.实例:post-json 

header值获取可以用fidder或burpsuit抓包。

# coding:utf-8
import requests
url = "https://passport.cnblogs.com/user/signin"

headers = {
            'Connection': 'keep-alive',
            'Content-Length': '123',
            'Cache-Control': 'max-age=0',
            'Origin':'https://passport.csdn.net',
            'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests':'1',
            'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/62.0.3202.94 Safari/537.36',
            'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8',
            'Referer': 'https://passport.csdn.net/account/login?from=http://www.csdn.net',
            'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
            'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',
            'Cookie': '省略',

            }

payload = {'username':'**',
           'password':'**',
           'lt':'**',
           'execution':'e1s1',
           '_eventId':'submit',

}

r = requests.post(url, json=payload, headers=headers,verify=False)
print r.json()

  

 

由于是https请求,直接发送请求可能会报错误:SSLError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:590),可以加个参数:verify=False,表示忽略对 SSL 证书的验证。

 

参考:https://www.cnblogs.com/android-it/p/9558751.html 

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_36260310/article/details/78730829

posted @ 2021-02-03 16:58  香农Shannon  阅读(14066)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报