LeetCode Online Judge 题目C# 练习 - First Missing Positive

Given an unsorted integer array, find the first missing positive integer.

For example,
Given [1,2,0] return 3,
and [3,4,-1,1] return 2.

Your algorithm should run in O(n) time and uses constant space.

JAVA 正解如下：

public class Solution {
    public int firstMissingPositive(int[] A) {
        // Start typing your Java solution below
        // DO NOT write main() function
 
        //put i to A[i-1], so the array looks like: 1, 2, 3, ...
 
        for (int i = 0; i < A.length; i++) {
            while (A[i] != i+1) {
                if (A[i] <= 0 || A[i] > A.length || A[i] == A[A[i] - 1]) {
                    break;
                }
 
                int tmp = A[A[i]-1];
                A[A[i]-1] = A[i];
                A[i] = tmp;
            }
        }
 
        for (int i = 0; i < A.length; i++) {
            if (A[i] != i+1) {
                return i+1;
            }
        }
        return A.length+1;
         
    }
}

按照数组里的值换位，然后再撸一次，撸到A[i] != i + 1; 返回此i +１，如果不存在，那第一个Missing 正整数就是数组长度的后面一个数了。

对不起了，下面的做法是错误示范，不能算是constant space!!

public static int FirstMissingPositive(int[] A)
        {
            BitArray ba = new BitArray(int.MaxValue);
            int max = int.MinValue;
            foreach (int num in A)
            {
                if(num > max) //set the maximum number in A[]
                    max = num;
                if(num > 0) //ignore the negative number
                    ba[num] = true;
            }

            //if no positive number in A[], return 1
            if(max <= 0)
                return 1;

            //retrieve the first missing positive
            for (int i = 1; i < max; i++)
            {
                if (!ba[i])
                    return i;
            }

            return max + 1;
        }

代码分析：

　　建立一个bit array，迭代input数组，碰到positive的就映射到bit array，同时维持一个max来存放数组中最大的数。

　　如果max <= 0, 返回1。

　　迭代bit array，找出最小的positive number。 如果没有，返回max后一个数 max + 1。

            int firstMissingPositive(int A[], int n) {
                // Start typing your C/C++ solution below
                // DO NOT write int main() function
        
                // Find the max value
                int max = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
                    max = (A[i] >= 0 && A[i] > max) ? A[i] : max;
        
                if (max <= 0)
                    return 1;
        
                // Allocate memory of size max bits
                unsigned int size = max / 8 + (max % 8 > 0);
                // Initialize the memory
                // all reset to 0 but the first one
                char arr[size];
                arr[0] = 1;
                for (int i = 1; i < size; ++i)
                    arr[i] = 0;
        
                // If the given array containing the value,
                // set the x-th value to 1;
                for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
                {
                    if (A[i] <= 0)
                        continue;
            
                    unsigned int index = A[i] / 8;
                    char mask = A[i] % 8;
            
                    arr[index] = arr[index] | (1 << mask);
                }
        
                // Check the first missing positive
                for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i)
                    for (int mask = 0; mask < 8; ++mask)
                        if (((arr[i] >> mask) & 1) == 0)
                            return (i * 8 + mask);
        
                return max + 1;
            }

贴一个C++的code，毕竟C++没有内建的bit array。