第一个:
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#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> void tell_me(int f(const char *, const char *)); int main(void) { tell_me(strcmp); tell_me(main); return 0; } void tell_me(int f(const char *, const char *)) { if (f == strcmp) /* <-----我不理解这里*/ printf("Address of strcmp(): %p\n", f); else printf("Function address: %p\n", f); }
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其中我不理解的是,这个程序表达的应该是说f是一个指向函数的指针,判断的时候是判断f是否指向函数strcmp,如果是的话,就输出strcmp这个函数的地址.如果不是,就输出main函数的地址
因为函数名可以作为指针,所以if (f == strcmp)应该是说判断2个指针的地址是否相同对吧?
我用gdb 断点到此,print f和printfstrcmp得到的是不同的地址啊,并且可以发现f和*f的内容居然一样,strcmp和*strcmp也一样,请问是什么原因,如何解释?
(gdb) print f
$1 = (int (*)(const char *, const char *)) 0x8048310 <strcmp@plt>
(gdb) print strcmp
$2 = {<text variable, no debug info>} 0xb7e59d20 <strcmp>
(gdb) n
16 printf("Address of strcmp(): %p\n", f);
(gdb) print strcmp
$3 = {<text variable, no debug info>} 0xb7e59d20 <strcmp>
(gdb) print *strcmp
$4 = {<text variable, no debug info>} 0xb7e59d20 <strcmp>
(gdb) print *f
$5 = {int (const char *, const char *)} 0x8048310 <strcmp@plt>
(gdb) n
Address of strcmp(): 0x8048310
19 }
(gdb) n
后来我查到plt是指的过程链接表,是不是说只有在执行到f == strcmp时候,才把f的地址和strcmp的位置指向同一位置?
后来别人通过反汇编发现的情况:
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如下红色的几行,main与strcmp此时为常量(你也会发现没有.data段),在汇编代码中他是把这两个常量写入函数堆栈,然后调用函数,作出对比,然后输出。而你所说的 f ,也就是函数参数,实际上它只作为预分配的参考(汇编代码中,你是找不到 f 的)。
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.file "1.c"
.text
.globl main
.type main, @function
main:
leal 4(%esp), %ecx
andl $-16, %esp
pushl -4(%ecx)
pushl %ebp
movl %esp, %ebp
pushl %ecx
subl $4, %esp
movl $strcmp, (%esp)
call tell_me
movl $main, %eax
movl %eax, (%esp)
call tell_me
movl $0, %eax
addl $4, %esp
popl %ecx
popl %ebp
leal -4(%ecx), %esp
ret
.size main, .-main
.section .rodata
.LC0:
.string "Address of strcmp(): %p\n"
.LC1:
.string "Function address: %p\n"
.text
.globl tell_me
.type tell_me, @function
tell_me:
pushl %ebp
movl %esp, %ebp
subl $8, %esp
cmpl $strcmp, 8(%ebp)
jne .L4
movl 8(%ebp), %eax
movl %eax, 4(%esp)
movl $.LC0, (%esp)
call printf
jmp .L6
.L4:
movl 8(%ebp), %eax
movl %eax, 4(%esp)
movl $.LC1, (%esp)
call printf
.L6:
leave
ret
.size tell_me, .-tell_me
.ident "GCC: (Ubuntu 4.3.3-5ubuntu4) 4.3.3"
.section .note.GNU-stack,"",@progbits
==================================================
00401090 push ebp //第一题的反汇编
00401091 mov ebp,esp
00401093 sub esp,40h
00401096 push ebx
00401097 push esi
00401098 push edi
00401099 lea edi,[ebp-40h]
0040109C mov ecx,10h
004010A1 mov eax,0CCCCCCCCh //应该说在函数传递时,f与strcmp的地址都相同
004010A6 rep stos dword ptr [edi]
13: printf("%0x\t%0x\n",f,strcmp); //看这里,输出f与strcmp的地址是相同的
004010A8 push offset strcmp (004011a0)
004010AD mov eax,dword ptr [ebp+8]
004010B0 push eax
004010B1 push offset string "%0x\t%0x\n" (0042201c)
004010B6 call printf (00401120)
004010BB add esp,0Ch
14: if (f == strcmp) /* <-----我不理解这里*/ //比较后,输出的地址同样是一样的,
004010BE cmp dword ptr [ebp+8],offset strcmp (004011a0)
004010C5 jne tell_me+4Ah (004010da)
15: printf("Address of strcmp(): %0x\n", f);
004010C7 mov ecx,dword ptr [ebp+8]
004010CA push ecx
004010CB push offset string "Address of strcmp(): %0x\n" (00422044)
004010D0 call printf (00401120)
004010D5 add esp,8
16: else
004010D8 jmp tell_me+5Bh (004010eb)
17: printf("Function address: %p\n", f);
004010DA mov edx,dword ptr [ebp+8]
004010DD push edx
004010DE push offset string "Function address: %p\n" (00422028)
004010E3 call printf (00401120)
004010E8 add esp,8=======================================================
第二个:
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#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main(void) { char p1[20] = "abc", *p2 = "pacific sea"; printf("%s %s %s\n", p1, p2, strcat(p1, p2)); /*<-----问题出在这里*/ return 0; }
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输出我的认为应该是先输出p1, p2以后再执行strcat. 但是实际输出的情况:
abcpacific sea pacific sea abcpacific sea
可以发现strcat先于p1执行,改变了p1的内容,请问这个内部是怎么的顺序?难道printf不是顺序执行的?
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得到的解答:
不同的编译器printf的函数参数进栈顺序不同,printf函数中的strcat可以看反汇编代码.
6: printf("%s\t%s\t%s\n", p1, p2, strcat(p1, p2)); /*<-----问题出在这里*/
00401045 mov edx,dword ptr [ebp-18h]
00401048 push edx
00401049 lea eax,[ebp-14h]
0040104C push eax
0040104D call strcat (00401130) //可以看到是先调用strcat函数的,
00401052 add esp,8
00401055 push eax
00401056 mov ecx,dword ptr [ebp-18h]
00401059 push ecx
0040105A lea edx,[ebp-14h]
0040105D push edx
0040105E push offset string "%s\t%s\t%s\n" (0042201c)
00401063 call printf (004010a0) //最后调用printf函数输出
00401068 add esp,10h
===============================================
汇编直观而简单的说明了一些疑问....
再说下gcc如何产生汇编代码:
1: gcc -S main.c 可以生成
2: gcc -c main.c 生成main.o
objdump -S -D main.o > main.asm
我更倾向于第二种.