C# Dictionary和Dynamic类型
开发中需要传递变参,考虑使用 dynamic 还是 Dictionary(准确地说是Dictionary<string,object>)。dynamic 的编码体验显著优于 Dictionary,如果性能差距不大的话,我会选择使用dynamic。搜索后没有找到类似对比数据,决定自行实验。
首先使用以下测试代码:
public void TestDynamic() { var e = CallDynamic(new { Value = 0 }); int v = e.Value; } public void TestDictionary() { var dict = new Dictionary<string, object>(); dict["Value"] = 0; dict = CallDictionary(dict); int v = (int)dict["Value"]; } private dynamic CallDynamic(dynamic test) { int v = test.Value; v++; return new { Value = v }; } private Dictionary<string, object> CallDictionary( Dictionary<string, object> test) { int v = (int)test["Value"]; v++; var dict = new Dictionary<string, object>(); dict["Value"] = v; return dict; }
分别比较运行 1次、10次、100次、1000次、1e4次、1e5次、1e6次 时间
结果:
其中dynamic列和dynamic2列的数据分别是:
在一次运行中执行一步测试 和 在一次运行中连续执行所有测试
分析测试过程和数据,得到以下结论:
1.dynamic首次使用会产生一定的性能损耗
2.无论是否首次使用,使用次数达到一定量级,dynamic性能一定优于Dictionary
3.一次运行中连续使用dynamic会显著拉低平均性能损耗
考虑到传递变参可能出现多个参数,以上测试不完全。
使用以下代码进行第二阶段实验:
public void InvokeDynamic() { var e = CallDynamic2( new { Value1 = 0, Value2 = 0L, Value3 = 0f, Value4 = 0.0, Value5 = "test" }); int v1 = e.Value1; long v2 = e.Value2; float v3 = e.Value3; double v4 = e.Value4; string v5 = e.Value5; } public void InvokeDictionary() { var dict = new Dictionary<string, object>(); dict["Value1"] = 0; dict["Value2"] = 0L; dict["Value3"] = 0f; dict["Value4"] = 0.0; dict["Value5"] = "test"; dict = CallDictionary2(dict); int v1 = (int)dict["Value1"]; long v2 = (long)dict["Value2"]; float v3 = (float)dict["Value3"]; double v4 = (double)dict["Value4"]; string v5 = (string)dict["Value5"]; } private dynamic CallDynamic2(dynamic test) { int v1 = test.Value1; long v2 = test.Value2; float v3 = test.Value3; double v4 = test.Value4; string v5 = test.Value5; v1++; v2++; v3++; v4++; v5 += "test"; return new { Value1 = v1, Value2 = v2, Value3 = v3, Value4 = v4, Value5 = v5 }; } private Dictionary<string, object> CallDictionary2( Dictionary<string, object> test) { int v1 = (int)test["Value1"]; long v2 = (long)test["Value2"]; float v3 = (float)test["Value3"]; double v4 = (double)test["Value4"]; string v5 = (string)test["Value5"]; v1++; v2++; v3++; v4++; v5 += "test"; var dict = new Dictionary<string, object>(); dict["Value1"] = v1; dict["Value2"] = v2; dict["Value3"] = v3; dict["Value4"] = v4; dict["Value5"] = v5; return dict; }
结果数据:
最后决定选择使用dynamic
有兄弟考虑可能Box损耗了性能导致Dictionary表现不佳,
专门做了第三阶段实验,对比dynamic和Dictionary<string,long>
具体数据不贴了,结果是dynamic在100000量级快一倍