c++常用功能封装

C++文件读写的封装

 

在C++开发中,文件读写是很常用的功能,出于代码复用的考虑,将它们进行封装。

其中,默认读写的文件是文本文件,并且需要按行处理。调用者只需要关注读取出来的每一行的处理方式。写文件只是简单的开关文件流。

 

具体代码如下:

 /**
    * @brief    读文件  
    * @author   env0y
    * @param    [in]	const std::string& filename,文件名(绝对路径) 
				[in]	T& fn,对读出的数据进行逐行操作的函数.fn(std::string,...)
				[in/out]	std::map<std::string,int>& fieldIdx,表头字段及其索引值
				[in]	const char Separator = ',',表头字段分隔符,默认','
    * @param    [out]	none
    * @return   bool
    * @note     1. 参数fieldIdx带入表头字段值,带出字段值对应的索引
				2. 参数fn的第一个参数必须是std::string类型
    */
	template<typename T>
	static inline bool ReadFile(const std::string& filename, T& fn, std::map<std::string,int>& fieldIdx,const char Separator = ',' )
	{
		typedef std::map<std::string,int> FieldMap;
		ifstream fd(filename,std::ios::in);
		fd.imbue(std::locale(std::locale::empty(), new std::codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>));
		if (fd.fail())
		{
			//LOG_ERROR_F( ModuleInfo,_T("ReadFile:Open [%s] failure."),CString(filename.c_str()).GetString());
			return false;
		}
		auto Raii = [&](){ fd.close(); };
		ON_SCOPE_EXIT(Raii);
		//LOG_DEBUG_F( ModuleInfo,_T("ReadFile:file [%s] size [%lld] Bytes."),CString(filename.c_str()).GetString(),CalcFileSz(fd));

		std::string oneline;
		(void)getline(fd,oneline);
		if ( false == FieldIndexLookup(oneline,fieldIdx,Separator) )
		{
			return false;
		}

		do 
		{
			(void)fn( oneline );  //每读一行,传递给用户定义的函数
			oneline.clear();
			(void)getline(fd,oneline);
						
		} while ( !fd.eof() );

		return true;
	}


/**
	* @brief    字段索引查找确认  
	* @author   env0y [2015/12/24 11:09:49]
	* @param    [in]		const std::string& tableHeader,表头 
				[in/out]	std::map<std::string,int>& fieldIdx,字段为入参,索引为出参
				char separator = ',',表头字段分隔符,默认为','
	* @param    [out]	none
	* @return   bool,查找是否成功
	* @note     none
	*/
	static inline bool FieldIndexLookup( const std::string& tableHeader,std::map<std::string,int>& fieldIdx,char separator /*= ','*/ )
	{
		if (fieldIdx.empty())
		{
			return true;
		}
		typedef std::map<std::string,int> FieldMap;
		const int  FieldNotExist = -1;
		(void)std::for_each( fieldIdx.begin(),fieldIdx.end(),[=](FieldMap::value_type& ele){ ele.second = FieldNotExist;});
		int TmpIdx = FieldNotExist;
		std::string subStr = tableHeader; 
		string::size_type curpos = std::string::npos;
		do
		{		
			curpos = subStr.find_first_of(separator);
			std::string fieldStr = subStr.substr(0,curpos);
			subStr = subStr.substr(curpos+1);

			++TmpIdx;

			auto it = fieldIdx.find( fieldStr );
			if ( it != fieldIdx.end())
			{
				it->second = TmpIdx;
			}
		} while ( std::string::npos != curpos );


		bool bFieldsInsufficient(false);//- 字段是否缺失 
		(void)std::for_each(fieldIdx.begin(),fieldIdx.end(),[&](const FieldMap::value_type& ele)
		{
			if ( ele.second == FieldNotExist )
			{
				bFieldsInsufficient = true;
				std::cout << "FieldIndex: Lack of field:" << ele.first.c_str() << "\n";
				//LOG_ERROR_F( ModuleInfo,_T("FieldIndex: Lack of field [%s]."),CString(ele.first.c_str()).GetString() );
			}
		});
		return (false == bFieldsInsufficient);
	}

  函数FiledIndexLookup用来查找指定表头是否存在于第一行文件中。

 

写文件的代码如下:

/**
	* @brief    计算文件大小  
	* @author   env0y [2015/10/19 17:25:37]
	* @param    [in]	fstream& fd,文件描述符    
	* @param    [out]	none
	* @return   unsigned __int64,文件大小 单位字节
	* @note     none
	*/
	template<typename FileStream>
	static inline unsigned __int64 CalcFileSz(FileStream& fd)
	{
		(void)fd.seekg(0,ios::end);
		streampos uSz = fd.tellg();
		(void)fd.seekg(0,ios::beg);
		return (unsigned __int64)uSz;
	}

	  /**
	  * @brief    写文件  
	  * @author   env0y [2015/10/19 9:14:33]
	  * @param    [in]	const std::string& filename,要生成的文件(绝对路径)
				  [in]  T& fn,函数指针/成员函数/函数对象/仿函数/Lambda表达式
				  [in]	int mode = std::ios::out,文件操作模式,默认ios::out
				  [in]  const std::string & title = "",生成的文件表头,默认空
	  * @param    [out]	none
	  * @return   bool
	  * @note     fn的参数(wofstream&,...)
	  */
	template<typename T>
	static inline bool WriteFile(const std::string& filename,T& fn,int mode = std::ios::out,const std::string & title = "")
	{
		(void)SHCreateDirectoryEx(nullptr, CString(filename.substr(0,filename.find_last_of("\\")).c_str()) ,nullptr);
		//LOG_DEBUG_F( ModuleInfo,_T("output [%s]."),CString(filename.c_str()).GetString());
		wofstream ofd(filename,mode);
	//	ofd.imbue(std::locale(std::locale::empty(), new std::codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>));
		if( ofd.fail() )
		{
			//LOG_ERROR_F( ModuleInfo,_T("WriteFile:Open or Create [%s] failure."),CString(filename.c_str()).GetString());
			return false;
		}
		if( title.length() )
		{
			title.back() == '\n' ?	ofd << title.c_str() :	ofd << title.c_str() << "\n";		 
		}

		(void)fn(ofd);

		ofd.close();

		return true;
	}

	template<typename T,size_t X>
	static inline bool WriteFile(const std::string(&filename)[X],T& fn,int mode = std::ios::out,const std::string & title = "")
	{
		std::wofstream arrofds[X];
		size_t ulCnt = 0;
		bool bRst = std::any_of(std::begin(filename),std::end(filename),[&](const std::string& name)->bool
		{
			(void)SHCreateDirectoryEx(nullptr, CString(name.substr(0,name.find_last_of("\\")).c_str()) ,nullptr);
			arrofds[ulCnt].open(name,mode);
			if( arrofds[ulCnt].fail() )
			{
				LOG_ERROR_F( ModuleInfo,_T("WriteFile:Open or Create [%s] failure."),CString(name.c_str()).GetString());
				return true;
			}
			arrofds[ulCnt++] << title.c_str();
			return false;
		});
		if (bRst)
		{
			return false;
		}


		(void)fn(arrofds);
		std::for_each(std::begin(arrofds),std::end(arrofds),[](std::wofstream& fd)
		{
			fd.close();
		});

		return true;
	}

  第一个是一次写一个文件,第二个是写多个。

 

调用举例如下:

bool COutputPDFGridULSINRFreqBand::LoadCurrentBHGridInfo()
{
	CString CurrentBHGridInfoPath = JoinPath(m_prjPath, CString(_T("GridLevel\\Total\\CurrentBHGridInfo.csv")));
	m_FileHeadRel.emplace(std::make_pair("GridID",-1));
	m_FileHeadRel.emplace(std::make_pair("Longitude",-1));
	m_FileHeadRel.emplace(std::make_pair("Latitude",-1));
	m_FileHeadRel.emplace(std::make_pair("Site ID",-1));
	m_FileHeadRel.emplace(std::make_pair("Cell ID",-1));
	m_FileHeadRel.emplace(std::make_pair("FrequencyBand",-1));
	m_FileHeadRel.emplace(std::make_pair("BandNum",-1));
	m_FileHeadRel.emplace(std::make_pair("CellULSINR",-1));
	m_FileHeadRel.emplace(std::make_pair("CellPrivateUEMRNum",-1));
	return ReadFile(CString2String(CurrentBHGridInfoPath),std::bind(&COutputPDFGridULSINRFreqBand::ReadLine,this,std::placeholders::_1),m_FileHeadRel);
}

 

第二个参数是模板参数,支持lambda表达式、c全局函数、c++成员函数等。

在实际项目中可以把它们封装到一个命名空间,可以更安全方便的使用。 :)

 

除零保护也是c++经常做的事情,可以提取成如下函数:

/**
	* @brief    除法保护
	* @author   env0y
	* @param  [in] Dividend dividend : 分子
			  [in] Divisor divisor : 分母
	* @param  [out] none
	* @return : 如果分母为0(除数为0),返回0; 否则返回正常除数值
	*/
	template <typename Dividend,typename Divisor>
	static inline double DivisionProtection(Dividend dividend,Divisor divisor)
	{
		double dResult(0.0);
		static const char* Integers[] = 
		{
			"char",		"unsigned char",
			"short",	"unsigned short",
			"int",		"unsigned int",
			"long",		"unsigned long",
			"__int64",	"unsigned __int64",
			"long long","unsigned long long"
		};
		static const char* Floats[] = {"float","double"};

		static const int iSz = _countof(Integers);
		static const int fSz = _countof(Floats);

		const char* typeDivisor = typeid(divisor).name();

		auto fCmp = [&](const char* str){ return 0 == strcmp(str,typeDivisor);};

		if ( (Floats+fSz) != std::find_if(Floats,Floats+fSz,fCmp) )
		{
			bool bIsZero = (fabs((double)divisor) < 1e-15 ) || (fabs((float)divisor) < 1e-6 );
			dResult = bIsZero ? 0.0 : dividend/divisor ;
		}
		else if ( (Integers+iSz) != std::find_if(Integers,Integers+iSz,fCmp) )
		{
			dResult = (0 == divisor) ? 0 : 1.0*dividend/divisor;
		}

		return dResult;
	}

  

而对浮点型数四舍五入函数则可以使用下面方法:

/**
	* @brief    根据所需精度四舍五入  
	* @author   env0y [2015/8/29]
	* @param    [in]	const double& x,原始值
				[in]	int precision,精度值
	* @param    [out]	none
	* @return   double,四舍五入之后的值
	* @note     默认精度为1
	*/
	static inline double RoundByPrecision(const double& x, int precision/* = 1*/)
	{
		if ( precision < 0 )
		{
			return x;
		}
		double temp = x * pow((double)10, precision);
		temp = floor(temp + 0.5);
		return (temp * pow((double)10, -precision));
	}

  

我们知道c++11已经有std::hash方法,那如何哈希一个std::pair呢?

可以像下面这样:

template <class T>
inline void hash_combine(std::size_t & seed, const T & v)
{
	std::hash<T> hasher;
	seed ^= hasher(v) + 0x9e3779b9 + (seed << 6) + (seed >> 2);
}

namespace std
{
	template<typename S, typename T> struct hash<pair<S, T>>
	{
		inline size_t operator()(const pair<S, T> & v) const
		{
			size_t seed = 0;
			::hash_combine(seed, v.first);
			::hash_combine(seed, v.second);
			return seed;
		}
	};


}

 

而像std::wstring和std::string之间的相互转化,则可以:

static inline std::string ws2s( const std::wstring& wstr )
	{
		std::wstring_convert<std::codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>, wchar_t> converterX;
		return converterX.to_bytes(wstr);
	}

	static inline std::wstring s2ws( const std::string& str )
	{
		std::wstring_convert<std::codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>, wchar_t> converterX;
		return converterX.from_bytes(str);
	}

  

写到这里发现,读文件那里用到了RAII,所以把宏定义补充如下:

class ScopeGuard
{
public:
	explicit ScopeGuard(std::function<void()> onExitScope):onExitScope_(onExitScope){};
	~ScopeGuard(){onExitScope_();};
private:
	std::function<void()> onExitScope_;
	// noncopyable
private: 
	ScopeGuard(ScopeGuard const&);
	ScopeGuard& operator=(ScopeGuard const&);
};
/*lint -restore*/

#define SCOPEGUARD_LINENAME_CAT(name, line) name##line
#define SCOPEGUARD_LINENAME(name, line) SCOPEGUARD_LINENAME_CAT(name, line)
//#define ON_SCOPE_EXIT(callback) ScopeGuard<decltype(callback)> SCOPEGUARD_LINENAME(EXIT, __LINE__)(callback)
#define ON_SCOPE_EXIT(callback) ScopeGuard SCOPEGUARD_LINENAME(EXIT, __LINE__)(callback)

  

 

就这些。以后再补充吧!;)

 

posted @ 2018-03-02 17:14  envoy  阅读(1101)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报