虚方法(virtual)和抽象方法(abstract)的区别
虚方法和抽象方法都可以供派生类重写,它们之间有什么区别呢?
1. 虚方法必须有实现部分,抽象方法没有提供实现部分,抽象方法是一种强制派生类覆盖的方法,否则派生类将不能被实例化。如:
//抽象方法
public abstract class Animal
{
public abstract void Sleep();
public abstract void Eat();
}
//虚方法
public class Animal
{
public virtual void Sleep(){}
public virtual void Eat(){}
}
public abstract class Animal
{
public abstract void Sleep();
public abstract void Eat();
}
//虚方法
public class Animal
{
public virtual void Sleep(){}
public virtual void Eat(){}
}
2. 抽象方法只能在抽象类中声明,虚方法不是。其实如果类包含抽象方法,那么该类也是抽象的,也必须声明为抽象的。如:
public class Animal
{
public abstract void Sleep();
public abstract void Eat();
}
{
public abstract void Sleep();
public abstract void Eat();
}
编译器会报错:
Main.cs(10): 'VSTest.Animal.Sleep()' is abstract but it is contained in nonabstract class 'VSTest.Animal'
Main.cs(11): 'VSTest.Animal.Eat()' is abstract but it is contained in nonabstract class 'VSTest.Animal'
3. 抽象方法必须在派生类中重写,这一点跟接口类似,虚方法不必。如:
public abstract class Animal
{
public abstract void Sleep();
public abstract void Eat();
}
public class Cat : Animal
{
public override void Sleep()
{
Console.WriteLine( "Cat is sleeping" );
}
// we need implement Animal.Eat() here
}
{
public abstract void Sleep();
public abstract void Eat();
}
public class Cat : Animal
{
public override void Sleep()
{
Console.WriteLine( "Cat is sleeping" );
}
// we need implement Animal.Eat() here
}
编译器会报错:Main.cs(14): 'VSTest.Cat' does not implement inherited abstract member 'VSTest.Animal.Eat()',因为我们没有实现抽象类中所有抽象方法。