验证码功能

1.安装captcha插件

(dj_login) D:\dj\dj_login>pip install django-simple-captcha
Collecting django-simple-captcha
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d7/f4/ea95b04ed3abc7bf225716f17e35c5a185f6100db4d7541a
46696ce40351/django-simple-captcha-0.5.9.zip
Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.2.0 in e:\venv\dj_login\lib\site-packages (from django-simple-captcha)
(1.11.0)
Requirement already satisfied: Django>=1.8 in e:\venv\dj_login\lib\site-packages (from django-simple-captcha)
 (1.11.12)
Collecting Pillow!=5.1.0,>=2.2.2 (from django-simple-captcha)
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1b/50/869910cd7110157fbefd0fed3db3656c1951f1bceecdd00e
3716aa269609/Pillow-5.2.0-cp36-cp36m-win_amd64.whl
Collecting django-ranged-response==0.2.0 (from django-simple-captcha)
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/70/e3/9372fcdca8e9c3205e7979528ccd1a14354a9a24d38efff1
1c1846ff8bf1/django-ranged-response-0.2.0.tar.gz
Requirement already satisfied: pytz in e:\venv\dj_login\lib\site-packages (from Django>=1.8->django-simple-captcha) (2018.5)
Installing collected packages: Pillow, django-ranged-response, django-simple-captcha
  Running setup.py install for django-ranged-response ... done
  Running setup.py install for django-simple-captcha ... done
Successfully installed Pillow-5.2.0 django-ranged-response-0.2.0 django-simple-captcha-0.5.9

2.注册captcha并创建表

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'app_login',
    'xadmin',
    'crispy_forms',
    'captcha'
]

(dj_login) D:\dj\dj_login>python manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: admin, app_login, auth, captcha, contenttypes, sessions, xadmin
Running migrations:
  Applying captcha.0001_initial... OK

3.添加路由

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.conf.urls import include
import xadmin

urlpatterns = [
    # path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url('xadmin/',xadmin.site.urls),
    url(r'',include('app_login.urls')),
    url(r'^captcha',include('captcha.urls'))
]

4.修改forms.py表单

from django import forms   #导入forms模块
from captcha.fields import CaptchaField   #导入验证码功能模块

class UserForm(forms.Form):   #所有表单类都需要继承forms.Form
    '''
定义form子标签<input>子元素的name属性变量，这里定义的是name=username和name=password的变量
label就是label标签，max_length为设置该变量可以输入的最大字符
widget为设置input的类型，这里的passwordinput为type='password',添加属性使用attrs={}以字典键值对的形式，这里增加了class和placeholder属性
'''
    username=forms.CharField(label='用户名',max_length=128,widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class':'form-control','placeholder':'用户名'}))
    password=forms.CharField(label='密码',max_length=512,widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'class':'form-control','placeholder':'密码'}))
    captcha=CaptchaField(label='验证码')   #添加验证码表单字段

5.修改login.html文件

{% extends 'base.html' %}  <!--继承base网页模板内容,可以浏览网页查看效果-->
{% load staticfiles %}   <!--载入静态方法，用于加载static中的文件-->
{% block title %}登陆{%  endblock %}  <!--设置title，默认使用base模板中的-->
{% block css %}<link href="{% static 'css/login.css'%}" rel="stylesheet" />{% endblock %} <!--使用自定义的css登陆样式，不用base中的-->

{% block content %}   <!--该模板语言用于定义主体内容，和模板中的结合使用-->
    <div class="container">
        <div class="col-md-4 col-md-offset-4">
          <form class='form-login' action="/login/" method="POST">
              {% if message %}      <!--类似if语句-->
                  <div class="alert alert-warning">{{ message }}</div>  <!--使用bootstrap的警示传递message信息-->
              {% endif %}
              {% csrf_token %}
              <h2 class="text-center">欢迎登录</h2>
                <div class="form-group">
                  {{ login_form.username.label_tag }}
                  {{ login_form.username}}
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                  {{ login_form.password.label_tag }}
                  {{ login_form.password }}
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    {{ login_form.captcha.errors }}   <!--当验证码输入不正确时显示-->
                    {{ login_form.captcha.label_tag }}  <!--用于表示label的页面显示-->
                    {{ login_form.captcha }}            <!--用于captcha的input标签显示-->
                </div>
{#              <div class="form-group">#}
{#                <label for="id_username">用户名：</label>#}
{#                <input type="text" name='username' class="form-control" id="id_username" placeholder="Username" autofocus required>#}
{#              </div>#}
{#              <div class="form-group">#}
{#                <label for="id_password">密码：</label>#}
{#                <input type="password" name='password' class="form-control" id="id_password" placeholder="Password" required>#}
{#              </div>#}
              <button type="reset" class="btn btn-default pull-left">重置</button>
              <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary pull-right">提交</button>
          </form>
        </div>
    </div> <!-- /container -->
{% endblock %}

6.查看效果