OpenCv基础_一
- 图片的读取和展示
import cv2 img = cv2.imread('1.jpg') cv2.imshow('img',img) cv2.waitKey(0) cv2.destroyAllWindows()其中cv2.waitKey(0)代表图片的停留时间,0:表示手动关闭。cv2.waitKey(1000)表示过1000ms自动关闭
把展示定义为方法,方便使用
def cv_show(name,img): cv2.imshow(name,img) cv2.waitKey(0) cv2.destroyAllWindows()
- 视频的读取和展示
vc = cv2.VideoCapture('test.mp4') if vc.isOpened(): open,frame = vc.read() else: open = False while open: open,res = vc.read() if res is None: break else: gray = cv2.cvtColor(res,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY) cv2.imshow('res',gray) if cv2.waitKey(10) & 0xFF == 27: break其中cv2.cvtColor()是对图像进行色彩空间的转换函数,利用cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY得到灰度图gray
- 图片切片
和数组,列表切片类似
img = cv2.imread("1.jpg") cat = img[0:50,20:70] cv_show("cat",cat)
- 提取颜色通道
1.利用split函数
img = cv2.imread('1.jpg') b,g,r = cv2.split(img)2.利用shape的第三个值
img = cv2.imread("1.jpg") r = img[:,:,0] g = img[:,:,1] b = img[:,:,2]改变颜色
#复制一个img2副本 img2 = cv2.copy(img) #蓝色通道置为0 img2[:,:,0] = 0 #绿色通道置为0 img2[:,:,1] = 0 #只剩红色通道的图片 cv_show('img2',img2)
- 边界填充
BORDER_REPLICATE:复制法,即复制最边缘的像素。例如:aaaa|abcdefg|ggggg
BORDER_REFLECT:反射法,即以最边缘的像素为对称轴。例如:fedcba|abcdefg|gfedec
BORDER_REFLECT_101:反射法,也是最边缘的像素为对称轴,但与BORDER_REFLECT有区别。例如: fedcb|abcdefg|fedec
BORDER_WRAP:外包装法,即以图像的左边界与右边界相连,上下边界相连。例如:cdefgh|abcdefgh|abcdefg
BORDER_CONSTANT:常量法。
img = cv2.imread('D:\Python\Pic\dog.jpg') top_size,bottom_size,left_size,right_size =(50,50,50,50,) replicate = cv2.copyMakeBorder(img,top_size,bottom_size,left_size,right_size,borderType=cv2.BORDER_REPLICATE) replicate = cv2.cvtColor(replicate,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY) reflect = cv2.copyMakeBorder(img,top_size,bottom_size,left_size,right_size,borderType=cv2.BORDER_REFLECT) reflect101 = cv2.copyMakeBorder(img,top_size,bottom_size,left_size,right_size,borderType=cv2.BORDER_REFLECT_101) wrap = cv2.copyMakeBorder(img,top_size,bottom_size,left_size,right_size,borderType=cv2.BORDER_WRAP) constant = cv2.copyMakeBorder(img,top_size,bottom_size,left_size,right_size,borderType=cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT,value = 0) #cv2是bgr,plt是rgb,调整以便让plt显示img原图 b,g,r = cv2.split(img) img = cv2.merge((r,g,b)) plt.subplot(231),plt.imshow(img),plt.title('ORIGINAL') plt.subplot(232),plt.imshow(replicate,'gray'),plt.title('replicate') plt.subplot(233),plt.imshow(reflect,'gray'),plt.title('reflect') plt.subplot(234),plt.imshow(reflect101),plt.title('reflect101') plt.subplot(235),plt.imshow(wrap),plt.title('wrap') plt.subplot(236),plt.imshow(constant),plt.title('constant') plt.show()
- 图像融合
把两张图片进行融合,由于两张图片shape不同,先cv2.resize()重置其中一张图片的shape,使得两张图片有相同的shape,再利用cv2.addWeighted进行融合
img1 = cv2.imread('1.jpg') img2 = cv2.imread('test.jpg') a,b,c = img1.shape print(img1.shape) img2 = cv2.resize(img2,(b,a)) print(img2.shape) res = cv2.addWeighted(img1,0.6,img2,0.4,0) cv_show('res',res)