django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: 'django.contrib.gis.db.backends.mysql' isn't an available database backend or couldn't be imported.

 

没解决此问题

(venv) [root@VM-8-12-centos MYPROJECT-django20240830]# python3 manage.py  runserver 0.0.0.0:8080
Exception in thread django-main-thread:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/root/MYPROJECT/backend/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 111, in load_backend
    return import_module('%s.base' % backend_name)
  File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1014, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 991, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 975, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 671, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 843, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "/root/MYPROJECT/backend/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 5, in <module>
    from .features import DatabaseFeatures
  File "/root/MYPROJECT/backend/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/mysql/features.py", line 1, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.base.features import BaseSpatialFeatures
  File "/root/MYPROJECT/backend/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/base/features.py", line 3, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.db import models
  File "/root/MYPROJECT/backend/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/models/__init__.py", line 3, in <module>
    import django.contrib.gis.db.models.functions  # NOQA
  File "/root/MYPROJECT/backend/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/models/functions.py", line 3, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.db.models.fields import BaseSpatialField, GeometryField
  File "/root/MYPROJECT/backend/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/models/fields.py", line 3, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis import forms, gdal
  File "/root/MYPROJECT/backend/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/forms/__init__.py", line 3, in <module>
    from .fields import (  # NOQA
  File "/root/MYPROJECT/backend/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/forms/fields.py", line 2, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.gdal import GDALException
  File "/root/MYPROJECT/backend/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/gdal/__init__.py", line 28, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.gdal.datasource import DataSource
  File "/root/MYPROJECT/backend/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/gdal/datasource.py", line 36, in <module>
    from ctypes import byref
  File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/ctypes/__init__.py", line 7, in <module>
    from _ctypes import Union, Structure, Array
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ctypes'

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/threading.py", line 932, in _bootstrap_inner
    self.run()
  File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/threading.py", line 870, in run
    self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
  File "/root/MYPROJECT/backend/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 64, in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/root/MYPROJECT/backend/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 110, in inner_run
    autoreload.raise_last_exception()
  File "/root/MYPROJECT/backend/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 87, in raise_last_exception
    raise _exception[1]
  File "/root/MYPROJECT/backend/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 375, in execute
    autoreload.check_errors(django.setup)()
  File "/root/MYPROJECT/backend/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 64, in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/root/MYPROJECT/backend/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 24, in setup
    apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
  File "/root/MYPROJECT/backend/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 114, in populate
    app_config.import_models()
  File "/root/MYPROJECT/backend/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 301, in import_models
    self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
  File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1014, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 991, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 975, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 671, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 843, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "/root/MYPROJECT/backend/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 3, in <module>
    from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager
  File "/root/MYPROJECT/backend/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/base_user.py", line 48, in <module>
    class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model):
  File "/root/MYPROJECT/backend/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 122, in __new__
    new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, app_label))
  File "/root/MYPROJECT/backend/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 326, in add_to_class
    value.contribute_to_class(cls, name)
  File "/root/MYPROJECT/backend/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/models/options.py", line 207, in contribute_to_class
    self.db_table = truncate_name(self.db_table, connection.ops.max_name_length())
  File "/root/MYPROJECT/backend/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/utils/connection.py", line 15, in __getattr__
    return getattr(self._connections[self._alias], item)
  File "/root/MYPROJECT/backend/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/utils/connection.py", line 62, in __getitem__
    conn = self.create_connection(alias)
  File "/root/MYPROJECT/backend/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 204, in create_connection
    backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE'])
  File "/root/MYPROJECT/backend/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 122, in load_backend
    raise ImproperlyConfigured(
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: 'django.contrib.gis.db.backends.mysql' isn't an available database backend or couldn't be imported. Check the above exception. To use one of the built-in backends, use 'django.db.backends.XXX', where XXX is one of:
    'mysql', 'oracle', 'postgresql', 'sqlite3'

=======================================================

=================================

[root@VM-8-12-centos django20240830]# pip list
Package             Version
------------------- ----------
asgiref             3.8.1
bleach              3.1.5
certifi             2020.4.5.2
cffi                1.17.0
chardet             3.0.4
colorama            0.4.3
cryptography        43.0.0
Django              3.2.18
django-cors-headers 4.3.1
django-guardian     2.4.0
django-model-utils  4.2.0
django-redis        5.1.0
djangorestframework 3.14.0
docutils            0.16
download            0.3.5
GDAL                3.4.1
idna                2.9
jeepney             0.8.0
keyring             21.2.1
numpy               1.24.4
packaging           20.4
Pillow              8.4.0
pip                 24.2
pkginfo             1.5.0.1
pycparser           2.22
Pygments            2.6.1
PyMySQL             1.1.1
pyparsing           2.4.7
pytz                2022.7.1
pywin32-ctypes      0.2.0
readme-renderer     26.0
redis               3.5.3
requests            2.24.0
requests-toolbelt   0.9.1
rfc3986             1.4.0
SecretStorage       3.3.3
setuptools          70.1.0
six                 1.15.0
sqlparse            0.4.3
tqdm                4.47.0
twine               3.2.0
typing_extensions   4.1.1
urllib3             1.25.9
uWSGI               2.0.26
webencodings        0.5.1
wheel               0.43.0
xlrd                1.2.0
xlwt                1.3.0
(venv) [root@VM-8-12-centos django20240830]#
=================================

# yum install mysql-gis
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Repository epel is listed more than once in the configuration
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
epel                                                                                                                                                                  | 4.3 kB  00:00:00     
extras                                                                                                                                                                | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
os                                                                                                                                                                    | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
updates                                                                                                                                                               | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
No package mysql-gis available.
Error: Nothing to do

=================================

然后，您可以登录到MySQL，并检查GIS扩展是否已经安装：

mysql -u root -p

登录后，运行以下SQL命令：

SHOW PLUGINS;

查找geometry插件，如果其状态为ACTIVE，则表示GIS扩展已成功安装并启用。

 

 

=================================

MySQL支持以下数据类型：
Geometry:可以存储所有的几何类型
Point:简单点
LINESTRING:简单线
POLYGON:简单面
MULITIPOINT:多点
MULITILINESTRING:多线
MUILITIPOLYGON:多面
GEOMETRYCOLLECTION:任何几何集合