用vsftpd部署ftp服务

搭建ftp这个过程巨多坑，问题是网上所有指导文章没有一个是step-by-step-then-work，每个坑都要各种google。经过各种失败总结如下：

• 安装

# 安装vsftpd
apt-get install vsftpd
# 创建ftp用户
useradd -d /xxx/gz -M gzftp
passwd gzftp
# 加入ftp组 
usermod -G ftp gzftp
id gzftp
# 家目录权限
chown -R gzftp.ftp /xxx/gz
# 禁止ssh login
在/etc/ssh/sshd_config中加入 DenyUsers gzftp
service ssh restart
# 手动验证ssh不能登录

• 模式选择

ftp分主动模式和被动模式两种，简单来说前者是server主动访问client，后者是client主动访问server。个人建议还是设置为被动模式比较好，因为服务器往往有一个外网ip或端口映射，但内网client需要代理，server从外网访问过来需要反向代理或映射等，难度更大。简单来说，谁有外网ip谁被动，更好找。如果都是内网那无所谓

• 配置文件

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
#
# Run standalone?  vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone
# daemon started from an initscript.
listen=YES
listen_port=2121
#
# Run standalone with IPv6?
# Like the listen parameter, except vsftpd will listen on an IPv6 socket
# instead of an IPv4 one. This parameter and the listen parameter are mutually
# exclusive.
#listen_ipv6=YES
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default)
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time
# in  your  local  time  zone.  The default is to display GMT. The
# times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this
# option.
use_localtime=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
#xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
ftpd_banner=Welcome to Mozat Web FTP for GZ. This is pre-release Env.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
#
# You may restrict local users to their home directories.  See the FAQ for
# the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or
# chroot_list_enable below.
chroot_local_user=YES
allow_writeable_chroot=YES
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
#chroot_local_user=YES
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# Customization
#
# Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by
# default.
#
# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty.  Also, the
# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used
# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem
# access.
secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty
#
# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.
pam_service_name=vsftpd
#
# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
# This option specifies the location of the RSA key to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
pasv_enable=YES
pasv_max_port=12100
pasv_min_port=12000
pasv_promiscuous=YES
pasv_address=your public ip你的外网ip
pasv_addr_resolve=NO

这个过程巨多坑，问题是网上所有指导文章没有一个是step-by-step-then-work，每个坑都要各种google。经过各种失败得到以上配置
比较特别的是一些配置项意思跟效果是反的，比如chroot_local_user=YES实际就是不让它chroot的，chroot_list_enable=YES实际指名单里的用户不能chroot配置重点：

1. 禁止用户切换目录，限定其只能在家目录里
2. 在家目录里可读可写
3. 采用被动模式，pasv开头的那些

• 周边配置

/etc/ftpusers里的用户都不能访问ftp，里面是一些系统用户等，为了安全。添加mozat
/etc/pam.d/vsftpd 里需要注释掉auth   required        pam_shells.so 这一行
如果是云计算，在服务器的安全组里，添加ftp (这个安全组允许12000-12100以及服务端口2121的tpc in，符合上面配置的min-max port范围)。如果是本地，请设置firewall

• 使用

只需将ngix指向gzftp家目录即可

• 登录

ftp gzftp@xxx 2121   登录后需要关闭extended passive，输入 epsv4 off

更推荐直接使用ftp客户端，如fireftp，是火狐插件，跨平台