python_day2(列表，元组，字典，字符串)

1.bytes数据类型

 

msg = '我爱北京天安门'
print(msg.encode(encoding="utf-8"))
print(msg.encode(encoding="utf-8").decode(encoding="utf-8"))

>> b'\xe6\x88\x91\xe7\x88\xb1\xe5\x8c\x97\xe4\xba\xac\xe5\xa4\xa9\xe5\xae\x89\xe9\x97\xa8'   （b代表二进制）
>> 我爱北京天安门

2.列表

#Author:Elson Zeng

names = ["lina","kara","elson","drango"]
#加入到列表后面
names.append("test")
print("name")
#插入
names.insert(1,"test2")
print(names)
#更改
names[2] = "test3"
print(names)
#删除
names.remove("test3")
#del names[1]
#names.pop(1)
print(names)
#查找lina位置
print(names.index("lina"))
#统计一个列表元素的数量
print(names.count("lina"))
#翻转列表
names.reverse()
#列表排序
names.sort()
#扩展列表
names2 = [1,2,3,4]
names.extend(names2)

import copy
#浅copy（只复制第一层）
name2 = copy.copy(names)
#深cpoy
name2 = copy.deepcopy(names)

#清空列表 names.clear()

3.元组
不能修改，只读列表

names = ('a','b')
print(names.index('a'))
print(names.count('b'))

4.程序练习

 

 

#Author:Elson Zeng

shop_list = [
['iphone',5800],
['Mac',15800],
['bike',800],
['alex python',5800]]
buy_shop = []
salay = int(input('your salay:'))
index_shop = ''
while index_shop != 'q':
    for shop_num in range(len(shop_list)):
        print(shop_num+1,shop_list[shop_num])
    index_shop = int(input('>>>:'))
    memory = shop_list[index_shop-1][1]
    #print(memory)
    if memory > salay:
        print('your menery loss' )
        index_shop = 'q'
        continue
    else:
        print('add {shop} to your shoping cat'.format(shop=shop_list[index_shop-1][0]))
    salay =  salay - memory
    #print(salay)
    buy_shop.append(shop_list[index_shop-1])
else:
    print('''have bought below:
    {shop} 
    your balance : {memory}'''.format(shop=buy_shop,memory=salay))

 5.字符串操作

#Author:Elson Zeng
name = 'elson'
#首字母大写
print(name.capitalize())
#统计'e'字符数量
print(name.count('e'))
#打印字符
print(name.center(50,'-'))
'''----------------------elson-----------------------'''
#判断结尾
print(name.endswith('son'))
'''True'''
#查找字符index
print(name.find('l'))
'''1'''
#判断字符（<>特殊符号）
print('ab123'.isalnum())
#判断英文
print('ABc'.isalpha())
#判断是否整数
print('123'.isdigit())
print('|'.join(['1','2','3']))
'''1|2|3'''
#补齐字符串/rjust
print(name.ljust(20,'*'))
#elson***************
#变大小写
print(name.lower())
print(name.upper())
#去空格换行(左lstrip,右rstrip# )
print('   elson   '.strip())
'''elson'''
#密码对应
p = str.maketrans('abcdef','123456')
print('abccc'.translate(p))
'''12333'''
#替换
print('elson'.replace('e','E',1))
'''Elson'''
#分裂
print('elson is good'.split(' '))
'''['elson', 'is', 'good']'''

6.字典

#Author:Elson Zeng
info = {
    'stu01':'tenglan wu',
    'stu02':'longzemali',
    'stu03':'xiaoze maliya'
}
info['stu01'] = '武藤兰'
#删除
# del info['stu01']
# a = info.pop('stu02')
# info.popitem()
print(info)
#打印所有值
print(info.values())
#打印所有key
print(info.keys())
#判断是否在字典
print('stu03' in info)
#存在就忽略，不存在就创建
info.setdefault("大陆",{'wwww.baidu.coom'})
print(info)
#合并两个字典
b = {'stu01':'elsom',1:5,2:3}
info.update(b)
print(info)
'''{'stu01': 'elsom', 'stu02': 'longzemali', 'stu03': 'xiaoze maliya', 
'大陆': {'wwww.baidu.coom'}, 1: 5, 2: 3}'''
#初始化一个新的字典
c = dict.fromkeys([6,7,8],'test')
print(c)
'''{6: 'test', 7: 'test', 8: 'test'}'''
#字典的循环
for i in info:
    print(i,info[i])
 '''stu01 elsom
stu02 longzemali
stu03 xiaoze maliya
大陆 {'wwww.baidu.coom'}
1 5
2 3'''

 

7. 字符串转列表

 

str1 = "hi hello world"
print(str1.split(" "))
输出：
['hi', 'hello', 'world']

 

 

 

8. 列表转字符串

 

l = ["hi","hello","world"]
print(" ".join(l))
输出：
hi hello world