Php SPL库 的迭代器类详解【转】
Php-SPL库中的迭代器类详解
SPL提供了多个迭代器类,分别提供了迭代访问、过滤数据、缓存结果、控制分页等功能。,因为php总是在不断壮大,我尽可能列出SPL中所有的迭代类。下面其中一些迭代器类是需要php5.4,另外一些如SearhIteratoer类在最新的php版本中已经去除
1.ArrayIteratoer
从PHP数组创建一个迭代器,当其和IteratorAggregate类一起使用时,免去了直接实现Iterator接口的方法的工作。
<示例>
- $b = array(
- 'name'=> 'mengzhi',
- 'age' => '12',
- 'city'=> 'shanghai'
- );
- $a = new ArrayIterator($b);
- $a->append(array(
- 'home' => 'china',
- 'work' => 'developer'
- ));
- $c = $a->getArrayCopy();
- print_r($a);
- print_r($c);
- /**output
- ArrayIterator Object
- (
- [storage:ArrayIterator:private] => Array
- (
- [name] => mengzhi
- [age] => 12
- [city] => shanghai
- [0] => Array
- (
- [home] => china
- [work] => developer
- )
- )
- )
- Array
- (
- [name] => mengzhi
- [age] => 12
- [city] => shanghai
- [0] => Array
- (
- [home] => china
- [work] => developer
- )
- )
- **/
2. LimitIterator
返回给定数量的结果以及从集合中取出结果的起始索引点:
<示例>
- // Create an iterator to be limited
- $fruits = new ArrayIterator(array(
- 'apple',
- 'banana',
- 'cherry',
- 'damson',
- 'elderberry'
- ));
- // Loop over first three fruits only
- foreach (new LimitIterator($fruits, 0, 3) as$fruit) {
- var_dump($fruit);
- }
- echo"\n";
- // Loop from third fruit until the end
- // Note: offset starts from zero for apple
- foreach (new LimitIterator($fruits, 2) as$fruit) {
- print_r($fruit);
- }
- /**output
- string(5) "apple"
- string(6) "banana"
- string(6) "cherry"
- cherrydamsonelderberry
- */
3. AppendIterator
按顺序迭代访问几个不同的迭代器。例如,希望在一次循环中迭代访问两个或者更多的组合。这个迭代器的append方法类似于array_merge()函数来合并数组。
- $array_a = new ArrayIterator(array('a', 'b', 'c'));
- $array_b = new ArrayIterator(array('d', 'e', 'f'));
- $iterator = new AppendIterator;
- $iterator->append($array_a);
- $iterator->append($array_b);
- foreach ($iteratoras$current) {
- echo$current."\n";
- }
- /**output
- a
- b
- c
- d
- e
- f
- */
4. FilterIterator
基于OuterIterator接口,用于过滤数据,返回符合条件的元素。必须实现一个抽象方法accept(),此方法必须为迭代器的当前项返回true或false
- class UserFilter extends FilterIterator
- {
- private$userFilter;
- publicfunction __construct(Iterator $iterator, $filter)
- {
- parent::__construct($iterator);
- $this->userFilter = $filter;
- }
- publicfunction accept()
- {
- $user = $this->getInnerIterator()->current();
- if (strcasecmp($user['name'], $this->userFilter) == 0) {
- return false;
- }
- return true;
- }
- }
- $array = array(
- array(
- 'name' => 'Jonathan',
- 'id' => '5'
- ),
- array(
- 'name' => 'Abdul',
- 'id' => '22'
- )
- );
- $object = new ArrayObject($array);
- //去除掉名为abdul的人员
- $iterator = new UserFilter($object->getIterator(), 'abdul');
- foreach ($iteratoras$result) {
- echo$result['name'];
- }
- /**output
- Jonathan
- **/
5. RegexIterator
继承FilterIterator,支持使用正则表达式模式匹配和修改迭代器中的元素。经常用于将字符串匹配。
- $a = new ArrayIterator(array('test1', 'test2', 'test3'));
- $i = new RegexIterator($a, '/^(test)(\d+)/', RegexIterator::REPLACE);
- $i->replacement = '$2:$1';
- print_r(iterator_to_array($i));
- /**output
- Array
- (
- [0] => 1:test
- [1] => 2:test
- [2] => 3:test
- )
- **/
6. IteratorIterator
一种通用类型的迭代器,所有实现了Traversable接口的类都可以被它迭代访问。
7. CachingIterator
用来执行提前读取一个元素的迭代操作,例如可以用于确定当前元素是否为最后一个元素。
- $array = array('koala', 'kangaroo', 'wombat', 'wallaby', 'emu', 'kiwi', 'kookaburra', 'platypus');
- try {
- $object = new CachingIterator(new ArrayIterator($array));
- foreach ($objectas$value) {
- echo$value;
- if ($object->hasNext()) {
- echo',';
- }
- }
- }
- catch (Exception $e) {
- echo$e->getMessage();
- }
- /**output
- koala,kangaroo,wombat,wallaby,emu,kiwi,kookaburra,platypus
- **/
8. SeekableIterator
用于创建非顺序访问的迭代器,允许跳转到迭代器中的任何一点上。
- $array = array("apple", "banana", "cherry", "damson", "elderberry");
- $iterator = new ArrayIterator($array);
- $iterator->seek(3);
- echo$iterator->current();
- /**output
- damson
- **/
9. NoRewindIterator
用于不能多次迭代的集合,适用于在迭代过程中执行一次性操作。
- $fruit = array('apple', 'banana', 'cranberry');
- $arr = new ArrayObject($fruit);
- $it = new NoRewindIterator($arr->getIterator());
- echo"Fruit A:\n";
- foreach ($itas$item) {
- echo$item . "\n";
- }
- echo"Fruit B:\n";
- foreach ($itas$item) {
- echo$item . "\n";
- }
- /**output
- Fruit A:
- apple
- banana
- cranberry
- Fruit B:
- **/
10. EmptyIterator
一种占位符形式的迭代器,不执行任何操作。当要实现某个抽象类的方法并且这个方法需要返回一个迭代器时,可以使用这种迭代器。
11. InfiniteIterator
用于持续地访问数据,当迭代到最后一个元素时,会再次从第一个元素开始迭代访问。
- $arrayit = new ArrayIterator(array('cat', 'dog'));
- $infinite = new InfiniteIterator($arrayit);
- $limit = new LimitIterator($infinite, 0, 7);
- foreach ($limitas$value) {
- echo"$value\n";
- }
- /**output
- cat
- dog
- cat
- dog
- cat
- dog
- cat
- **/
12. RecursiveArrayIterator
创建一个用于递归形式数组结构的迭代器,类似于多维数组.它为许多更复杂的迭代器提供了所需的操作,如RecursiveTreeIterator和RecursiveIteratorIterator迭代器。
- $fruits = array("a" => "lemon", "b" => "orange", array("a" => "apple", "p" => "pear"));
- $iterator = new RecursiveArrayIterator($fruits);
- while ($iterator->valid()) {
- //检查是否含有子节点
- if ($iterator->hasChildren()) {
- //输出所以字节点
- foreach ($iterator->getChildren() as$key => $value) {
- echo$key . ' : ' . $value . "\n";
- }
- } else {
- echo"No children.\n";
- }
- $iterator->next();
- }
- /**output
- No children.
- No children.
- a : apple
- p : pear
- **/
13. RecursiveIteratorIterator
将一个树形结构的迭代器展开为一维结构。
- $fruits = array("a" => "lemon", "b" => "orange", array("a" => "apple", "p" => "pear"));
- $arrayiter = new RecursiveArrayIterator($fruits);
- $iteriter = new RecursiveIteratorIterator($arrayiter);
- foreach ($iteriteras$key => $value) {
- $d = $iteriter->getDepth();
- echo"depth=$d k=$key v=$value\n";
- }
- /**output
- depth=0 k=a v=lemon
- depth=0 k=b v=orange
- depth=1 k=a v=apple
- depth=1 k=p v=pear
- **/
14. RecursiveTreeIterator
以可视在方式显示一个树形结构。
- $hey = array("a" => "lemon", "b" => "orange", array("a" => "apple", "p" => "pear"));
- $awesome = new RecursiveTreeIterator(
- new RecursiveArrayIterator($hey),
- null, null, RecursiveIteratorIterator::LEAVES_ONLY
- );
- foreach ($awesomeas$line)
- echo$line . PHP_EOL;
- /**output
- |-lemon
- |-orange
- |-apple
- \-pear
- **/
15. ParentIterator
是一个扩展的FilterIterator迭代器,它可以过滤掉来自于RecursiveIterator迭代器的非父元素,只找出子节点的键值。通俗来说,就是去枝留叶。
- $hey = array("a" => "lemon", "b" => "orange", array("a" => "apple", "p" => "pear"));
- $arrayIterator = new RecursiveArrayIterator($hey);
- $it = new ParentIterator($arrayIterator);
- print_r(iterator_to_array($it));
- /**output
- Array
- (
- [0] => Array
- (
- [a] => apple
- [p] => pear
- )
- )
- **/
16. RecursiveFilterIterator
是FilterIterator迭代器的递归形式,也要求实现抽象的accept()方法,但在这个方法中应该使用$this->getInnerIterator()方法访问当前正在迭代的迭代器。
- class TestsOnlyFilter extends RecursiveFilterIterator
- {
- publicfunction accept()
- {
- // 找出含有“叶”的元素
- return$this->hasChildren() || (mb_strpos($this->current(), "叶") !== FALSE);
- }
- }
- $array = array("叶1", array("李2", "叶3", "叶4"), "叶5");
- $iterator = new RecursiveArrayIterator($array);
- $filter = new TestsOnlyFilter($iterator);
- $filter = new RecursiveIteratorIterator($filter);
- print_r(iterator_to_array($filter));
- /**output
- Array
- (
- [0] => 叶1
- [1] => 叶3
- [2] => 叶5
- )
- **/
17. RecursiveRegexIterator
是RegexIterator迭代器的递归形式,只接受RecursiveIterator迭代器作为迭代对象。
- $rArrayIterator = new RecursiveArrayIterator(array('叶1', array('tet3', '叶4', '叶5')));
- $rRegexIterator = new RecursiveRegexIterator($rArrayIterator, '/^叶/',
- RecursiveRegexIterator::ALL_MATCHES);
- foreach ($rRegexIteratoras$key1 => $value1) {
- if ($rRegexIterator->hasChildren()) {
- // print all children
- echo"Children: ";
- foreach ($rRegexIterator->getChildren() as$key => $value) {
- echo$value . " ";
- }
- echo"\n";
- } else {
- echo"No children\n";
- }
- }
- /**output
- No children
- Children: 叶4 叶5
- **/
18. RecursiveCachingIterator
在RecursiveIterator迭代器上执行提前读取一个元素的递归操作。
19. CallbackFilterIterator(PHP5.4)
同时执行过滤和回调操作,在找到一个匹配的元素之后会调用回调函数。
- $hey = array( "李1", "叶2", "叶3", "叶4", "叶5", "叶6",);
- $arrayIterator = new RecursiveArrayIterator($hey);
- function isYe($current)
- {
- return mb_strpos($current,'叶') !== false;
- }
- $rs = new CallbackFilterIterator($arrayIterator, 'isYe');
- print_r(iterator_to_array($rs));
- /**output
- Array
- (
- [0] => 叶2
- [1] => 叶3
- [2] => 叶4
- [3] => 叶5
- [4] => 叶6
- )
- **/
20. DirectoryIterator
目录文件遍历器
方 法 |
描 述 |
DirectoryIterator::getSize |
得到文件大小 |
DirectoryIterator::getType |
得到文件类型 |
DirectoryIterator::isDir |
如果当前项是一个目录,返回true |
DirectoryIterator::isDot |
如果当前项是.或..,返回true |
DirectoryIterator::isExecutable |
如果文件可执行,返回true |
DirectoryIterator::isFile |
如果文件是一个常规文件,返回true |
DirectoryIterator::isLink |
如果文件是一个符号链接,返回true |
DirectoryIterator::isReadable |
如果文件可读,返回true |
DirectoryIterator::isWritable |
如果文件可写,返回true |
DirectoryIterator::key |
返回当前目录项 |
DirectoryIterator::next |
移动到下一项 |
DirectoryIterator::rewind |
将目录指针返回到开始位置 |
DirectoryIterator::valid |
检查目录中是否包含更多项 |
- $it = new DirectoryIterator("../");
- foreach ($itas$file) {
- //用isDot ()方法分别过滤掉“.”和“..”目录
- if (!$it->isDot()) {
- echo$file . "\n";
- }
- }
21. RecursiveDirectoryIterator
递归目录文件遍历器,可实现列出所有目录层次结构,而不是只操作一个目录。
方 法 |
描 述 |
RecursiveDirectoryIterator::getChildren |
如果这是一个目录,为当前项返回一个迭代器 |
RecursiveDirectoryIterator::hasChildren |
返回当前项是否是一个目录而不是.或.. |
RecursiveDirectoryIterator::key |
返回当前目录项的路径和文件名 |
RecursiveDirectoryIterator::next |
移动到下一项 |
RecursiveDirectoryIterator::rewind |
将目录指针返回到开始位置 |
RecursiveIteratorIterator::current |
访问当前元素值 |
RecursiveIteratorIterator::getDepth |
得到递归迭代的当前深度 |
RecursiveIteratorIterator::getSubIterator |
得到当前活动子迭代器 |
RecursiveIteratorIterator::key |
访问当前键 |
RecursiveIteratorIterator::next |
前移到下一个元素 |
RecursiveIteratorIterator::rewind |
将迭代器返回到顶级内层迭代器的第一个元素 |
RecursiveIteratorIterator::valid |
检查当前位置是否合法 |
- //列出指定目录中所有文件
- $path = realpath('../');
- $objects = new RecursiveIteratorIterator(new RecursiveDirectoryIterator($path), RecursiveIteratorIterator::SELF_FIRST);
- foreach ($objectsas$name => $object) {
- echo"$name\n";
- }
22. FilesystemIterator
是DirectoryIterator的遍历器
- $it = new FilesystemIterator('../');
- foreach ($itas$fileinfo) {
- echo$fileinfo->getFilename() . "\n";
- }
23. GlobIterator
带匹配模式的文件遍历器
- //找出../目录中.php扩展名的文件
- $iterator = new GlobIterator('./*.php');
- if (!$iterator->count()) {
- echo'无php文件';
- } else {
- $n = 0;
- printf("总计 %d 个php文件\r\n", $iterator->count());
- foreach ($iteratoras$item) {
- printf("[%d] %s\r\n", ++$n, $iterator->key());
- }
- }
- /**output
- 总计 23 个php文件
- [1] .\1.php
- [2] .\11.php
- [3] .\12.php
- [4] .\13.php
- [5] .\14.php
- [6] .\15.php
- [7] .\16.php
- [8] .\17.php
- [9] .\19.php
- [10] .\2.php
- [11] .\20.php
- [12] .\21.php
- [13] .\22.php
- [14] .\23.php
- [15] .\24.php
- [16] .\25.php
- [17] .\26.php
- [18] .\3.php
- [19] .\4.php
- [20] .\5.php
- [21] .\7.php
- [22] .\8.php
- [23] .\9.php
- **/
24. MultipleIterator
用于迭代器的连接器,具体看示例
- $person_id = new ArrayIterator(array('001', '002', '003'));
- $person_name = new ArrayIterator(array('张三', '李四', '王五'));
- $person_age = new ArrayIterator(array(22, 23, 11));
- $mit = new MultipleIterator(MultipleIterator::MIT_KEYS_ASSOC);
- $mit->attachIterator($person_id, "ID");
- $mit->attachIterator($person_name, "NAME");
- $mit->attachIterator($person_age, "AGE");
- echo"连接的迭代器个数:".$mit->countIterators() . "\n"; //3
- foreach ($mitas$person) {
- print_r($person);
- }
- /**output
- Array
- (
- [ID] => 001
- [NAME] => 张三
- [AGE] => 22
- )
- Array
- (
- [ID] => 002
- [NAME] => 李四
- [AGE] => 23
- )
- Array
- (
- [ID] => 003
- [NAME] => 王五
- [AGE] => 11
- )
- **/
25. RecursiveCallbackFilterIterator(PHP5.4)
在RecursiveIterator迭代器上进行递归操作,同时执行过滤和回调操作,在找到一个匹配的元素之后会调用回调函数。
- function doesntStartWithLetterT($current)
- {
- $rs = $current->getFileName();
- return$rs[0] !== 'T';
- }
- $rdi = new RecursiveDirectoryIterator(__DIR__);
- $files = new RecursiveCallbackFilterIterator($rdi, 'doesntStartWithLetterT');
- foreach (new RecursiveIteratorIterator($files) as$file) {
- echo$file->getPathname() . PHP_EOL;
- }
26. SimpleXMLIterator
XMl文档访问迭代器,可实现访问xml中所有节点
- $xml = <<<XML
- <books>
- <book>
- <title>PHP Basics</title>
- <author>Jim Smith</author>
- </book>
- <book>XML basics</book>
- </books>
- XML;
- // SimpleXML转换为数组
- function sxiToArray($sxi)
- {
- $a = array();
- for ($sxi->rewind(); $sxi->valid(); $sxi->next()) {
- if (!array_key_exists($sxi->key(), $a)) {
- $a[$sxi->key()] = array();
- }
- if ($sxi->hasChildren()) {
- $a[$sxi->key()][] = sxiToArray($sxi->current());
- } else {
- $a[$sxi->key()][] = strval($sxi->current());
- }
- }
- return$a;
- }
- $xmlIterator = new SimpleXMLIterator($xml);
- $rs = sxiToArray($xmlIterator);
- print_r($rs);
- /**output
- Array
- (
- [book] => Array
- (
- [0] => Array
- (
- [title] => Array
- (
- [0] => PHP Basics
- )
- [author] => Array
- (
- [0] => Jim Smith
- )
- )
- [1] => XML basics
- )
- )
- **/
转:http://blog.csdn.net/uuleaf/article/details/7635996
posted on 2013-02-26 09:22 ellisonDon 阅读(5263) 评论(0) 编辑 收藏 举报