js逆向中常见加密/解密算法特征及其实现
常见加密、解密算法特征及实现
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base64
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逆向特征
- 字符串的长度为4的整数倍
- 字符串的符号取值只能在 A-Z、a-z、0-9、+、/、= 共计65个字符中,且
=
如果出现,就必须在末尾 - 索引表:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/
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js(原生实现)
// btoa、atob方法实现 !function(){ // private property _keyStr = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/="; // public method for encoding this.btoa = function (input) { var output = ""; var chr1, chr2, chr3, enc1, enc2, enc3, enc4; var i = 0; input = _utf8_encode(input); while (i < input.length) { chr1 = input.charCodeAt(i++); chr2 = input.charCodeAt(i++); chr3 = input.charCodeAt(i++); enc1 = chr1 >> 2; enc2 = ((chr1 & 3) << 4) | (chr2 >> 4); enc3 = ((chr2 & 15) << 2) | (chr3 >> 6); enc4 = chr3 & 63; if (isNaN(chr2)) { enc3 = enc4 = 64; } else if (isNaN(chr3)) { enc4 = 64; } output = output + _keyStr.charAt(enc1) + _keyStr.charAt(enc2) + _keyStr.charAt(enc3) + _keyStr.charAt(enc4); } return output; } // public method for decoding this.atob = function (input) { var output = ""; var chr1, chr2, chr3; var enc1, enc2, enc3, enc4; var i = 0; input = input.replace(/[^A-Za-z0-9\+\/\=]/g, ""); while (i < input.length) { enc1 = _keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++)); enc2 = _keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++)); enc3 = _keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++)); enc4 = _keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++)); chr1 = (enc1 << 2) | (enc2 >> 4); chr2 = ((enc2 & 15) << 4) | (enc3 >> 2); chr3 = ((enc3 & 3) << 6) | enc4; output = output + String.fromCharCode(chr1); if (enc3 != 64) { output = output + String.fromCharCode(chr2); } if (enc4 != 64) { output = output + String.fromCharCode(chr3); } } output = _utf8_decode(output); return output; } // private method for UTF-8 encoding _utf8_encode = function (string) { string = string.replace(/\r\n/g, "\n"); var utftext = ""; for (var n = 0; n < string.length; n++) { var c = string.charCodeAt(n); if (c < 128) { utftext += String.fromCharCode(c); } else if ((c > 127) && (c < 2048)) { utftext += String.fromCharCode((c >> 6) | 192); utftext += String.fromCharCode((c & 63) | 128); } else { utftext += String.fromCharCode((c >> 12) | 224); utftext += String.fromCharCode(((c >> 6) & 63) | 128); utftext += String.fromCharCode((c & 63) | 128); } } return utftext; } // private method for UTF-8 decoding _utf8_decode = function (utftext) { var string = ""; var i = 0; var c, c1, c2, c3; c = c1 = c2 = 0; while (i < utftext.length) { c = utftext.charCodeAt(i); if (c < 128) { string += String.fromCharCode(c); i++; } else if ((c > 191) && (c < 224)) { c2 = utftext.charCodeAt(i + 1); string += String.fromCharCode(((c & 31) << 6) | (c2 & 63)); i += 2; } else { c2 = utftext.charCodeAt(i + 1); c3 = utftext.charCodeAt(i + 2); string += String.fromCharCode(((c & 15) << 12) | ((c2 & 63) << 6) | (c3 & 63)); i += 3; } } return string; } }()
加载上述代码后,正常使用btoa和atob方法
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Nodejs(使用外部库)
// 加密 let pwd = '密码' let b64_pwd = Buffer.from(pwd).toString('base64') console.log(b64_pwd) // 5a+G56CB // 解密 console.log(Buffer.from(b64_pwd, 'base64').toString()) // 密码
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python
import base64 # 加密 pwd = '密码' b64_pwd = base64.b64encode(pwd.encode('utf-8')) print(b64_pwd) # 解密 print(base64.b64decode(b64_pwd).decode('utf-8'))
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MD5/SHA1
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MD5逆向特征
- 16位或32位十六进制数
- 搜索关键词:
- 关键字:md5、MD5
- 默认的 key 值:
0123456789abcdef、0123456789ABCDEF
- 原始MD5的魔法值(16进制):
0x67452301、0xefcdab89、0x98badcfe、0x10325476
- 原始MD5的魔法值(10进制):
1732584193、271733879、1732584194、271733878
- 123456 计算结果值:
- 16位结果49开头:49ba59abbe56e057(小写)、49BA59ABBE56E057(大写)
- 32位结果e10或E10开头:e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e(小写)、E10ADC3949BA59ABBE56E057F20F883E(大写)
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SHA系列逆向特征
- 十六进制数
- 位数为 40、64、96、128 等,位数均是
8
的倍数 - 123456计算结果值:
- SHA1:
7c4a8d09ca3762af61e59520943dc26494f8941b(40位)
- SHA256:
8d969eef6ecad3c29a3a629280e686cf0c3f5d5a86aff3ca12020c923adc6c92(64 位)
- SHA1:
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js原生实现MD5
// MD5方法实现 function MD5_Encrypt(instring) { var hexcase = 0; /* hex output format. 0 - lowercase; 1 - uppercase */ var b64pad = ""; /* base-64 pad character. "=" for strict RFC compliance */ /* * These are the functions you'll usually want to call * They take string arguments and return either hex or base-64 encoded strings */ function hex_md5(s) { return rstr2hex(rstr_md5(str2rstr_utf8(s))); } function b64_md5(s) { return rstr2b64(rstr_md5(str2rstr_utf8(s))); } function any_md5(s, e) { return rstr2any(rstr_md5(str2rstr_utf8(s)), e); } function hex_hmac_md5(k, d) { return rstr2hex(rstr_hmac_md5(str2rstr_utf8(k), str2rstr_utf8(d))); } function b64_hmac_md5(k, d) { return rstr2b64(rstr_hmac_md5(str2rstr_utf8(k), str2rstr_utf8(d))); } function any_hmac_md5(k, d, e) { return rstr2any(rstr_hmac_md5(str2rstr_utf8(k), str2rstr_utf8(d)), e); } /* * Perform a simple self-test to see if the VM is working */ function md5_vm_test() { return hex_md5("abc").toLowerCase() == "900150983cd24fb0d6963f7d28e17f72"; } /* * Calculate the MD5 of a raw string */ function rstr_md5(s) { return binl2rstr(binl_md5(rstr2binl(s), s.length * 8)); } /* * Calculate the HMAC-MD5, of a key and some data (raw strings) */ function rstr_hmac_md5(key, data) { var bkey = rstr2binl(key); if (bkey.length > 16) bkey = binl_md5(bkey, key.length * 8); var ipad = Array(16), opad = Array(16); for (var i = 0; i < 16; i++) { ipad[i] = bkey[i] ^ 0x36363636; opad[i] = bkey[i] ^ 0x5C5C5C5C; } var hash = binl_md5(ipad.concat(rstr2binl(data)), 512 + data.length * 8); return binl2rstr(binl_md5(opad.concat(hash), 512 + 128)); } /* * Convert a raw string to a hex string */ function rstr2hex(input) { try { hexcase } catch (e) { hexcase = 0; } var hex_tab = hexcase ? "0123456789ABCDEF" : "0123456789abcdef"; var output = ""; var x; for (var i = 0; i < input.length; i++) { x = input.charCodeAt(i); output += hex_tab.charAt((x >>> 4) & 0x0F) + hex_tab.charAt(x & 0x0F); } return output; } /* * Convert a raw string to a base-64 string */ function rstr2b64(input) { try { b64pad } catch (e) { b64pad = ''; } var tab = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/"; var output = ""; var len = input.length; for (var i = 0; i < len; i += 3) { var triplet = (input.charCodeAt(i) << 16) | (i + 1 < len ? input.charCodeAt(i + 1) << 8 : 0) | (i + 2 < len ? input.charCodeAt(i + 2) : 0); for (var j = 0; j < 4; j++) { if (i * 8 + j * 6 > input.length * 8) output += b64pad; else output += tab.charAt((triplet >>> 6 * (3 - j)) & 0x3F); } } return output; } /* * Convert a raw string to an arbitrary string encoding */ function rstr2any(input, encoding) { var divisor = encoding.length; var i, j, q, x, quotient; /* Convert to an array of 16-bit big-endian values, forming the dividend */ var dividend = Array(Math.ceil(input.length / 2)); for (i = 0; i < dividend.length; i++) { dividend[i] = (input.charCodeAt(i * 2) << 8) | input.charCodeAt(i * 2 + 1); } /* * Repeatedly perform a long division. The binary array forms the dividend, * the length of the encoding is the divisor. Once computed, the quotient * forms the dividend for the next step. All remainders are stored for later * use. */ var full_length = Math.ceil(input.length * 8 / (Math.log(encoding.length) / Math.log(2))); var remainders = Array(full_length); for (j = 0; j < full_length; j++) { quotient = Array(); x = 0; for (i = 0; i < dividend.length; i++) { x = (x << 16) + dividend[i]; q = Math.floor(x / divisor); x -= q * divisor; if (quotient.length > 0 || q > 0) quotient[quotient.length] = q; } remainders[j] = x; dividend = quotient; } /* Convert the remainders to the output string */ var output = ""; for (i = remainders.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) output += encoding.charAt(remainders[i]); return output; } /* * Encode a string as utf-8. * For efficiency, this assumes the input is valid utf-16. */ function str2rstr_utf8(input) { var output = ""; var i = -1; var x, y; while (++i < input.length) { /* Decode utf-16 surrogate pairs */ x = input.charCodeAt(i); y = i + 1 < input.length ? input.charCodeAt(i + 1) : 0; if (0xD800 <= x && x <= 0xDBFF && 0xDC00 <= y && y <= 0xDFFF) { x = 0x10000 + ((x & 0x03FF) << 10) + (y & 0x03FF); i++; } /* Encode output as utf-8 */ if (x <= 0x7F) output += String.fromCharCode(x); else if (x <= 0x7FF) output += String.fromCharCode(0xC0 | ((x >>> 6) & 0x1F), 0x80 | (x & 0x3F)); else if (x <= 0xFFFF) output += String.fromCharCode(0xE0 | ((x >>> 12) & 0x0F), 0x80 | ((x >>> 6) & 0x3F), 0x80 | (x & 0x3F)); else if (x <= 0x1FFFFF) output += String.fromCharCode(0xF0 | ((x >>> 18) & 0x07), 0x80 | ((x >>> 12) & 0x3F), 0x80 | ((x >>> 6) & 0x3F), 0x80 | (x & 0x3F)); } return output; } /* * Encode a string as utf-16 */ function str2rstr_utf16le(input) { var output = ""; for (var i = 0; i < input.length; i++) output += String.fromCharCode(input.charCodeAt(i) & 0xFF, (input.charCodeAt(i) >>> 8) & 0xFF); return output; } function str2rstr_utf16be(input) { var output = ""; for (var i = 0; i < input.length; i++) output += String.fromCharCode((input.charCodeAt(i) >>> 8) & 0xFF, input.charCodeAt(i) & 0xFF); return output; } /* * Convert a raw string to an array of little-endian words * Characters >255 have their high-byte silently ignored. */ function rstr2binl(input) { var output = Array(input.length >> 2); for (var i = 0; i < output.length; i++) output[i] = 0; for (var i = 0; i < input.length * 8; i += 8) output[i >> 5] |= (input.charCodeAt(i / 8) & 0xFF) << (i % 32); return output; } /* * Convert an array of little-endian words to a string */ function binl2rstr(input) { var output = ""; for (var i = 0; i < input.length * 32; i += 8) output += String.fromCharCode((input[i >> 5] >>> (i % 32)) & 0xFF); return output; } /* * Calculate the MD5 of an array of little-endian words, and a bit length. */ function binl_md5(x, len) { /* append padding */ x[len >> 5] |= 0x80 << ((len) % 32); x[(((len + 64) >>> 9) << 4) + 14] = len; var a = 1732584193; var b = -271733879; var c = -1732584194; var d = 271733878; for (var i = 0; i < x.length; i += 16) { var olda = a; var oldb = b; var oldc = c; var oldd = d; a = md5_ff(a, b, c, d, x[i + 0], 7, -680876936); d = md5_ff(d, a, b, c, x[i + 1], 12, -389564586); c = md5_ff(c, d, a, b, x[i + 2], 17, 606105819); b = md5_ff(b, c, d, a, x[i + 3], 22, -1044525330); a = md5_ff(a, b, c, d, x[i + 4], 7, -176418897); d = md5_ff(d, a, b, c, x[i + 5], 12, 1200080426); c = md5_ff(c, d, a, b, x[i + 6], 17, -1473231341); b = md5_ff(b, c, d, a, x[i + 7], 22, -45705983); a = md5_ff(a, b, c, d, x[i + 8], 7, 1770035416); d = md5_ff(d, a, b, c, x[i + 9], 12, -1958414417); c = md5_ff(c, d, a, b, x[i + 10], 17, -42063); b = md5_ff(b, c, d, a, x[i + 11], 22, -1990404162); a = md5_ff(a, b, c, d, x[i + 12], 7, 1804603682); d = md5_ff(d, a, b, c, x[i + 13], 12, -40341101); c = md5_ff(c, d, a, b, x[i + 14], 17, -1502002290); b = md5_ff(b, c, d, a, x[i + 15], 22, 1236535329); a = md5_gg(a, b, c, d, x[i + 1], 5, -165796510); d = md5_gg(d, a, b, c, x[i + 6], 9, -1069501632); c = md5_gg(c, d, a, b, x[i + 11], 14, 643717713); b = md5_gg(b, c, d, a, x[i + 0], 20, -373897302); a = md5_gg(a, b, c, d, x[i + 5], 5, -701558691); d = md5_gg(d, a, b, c, x[i + 10], 9, 38016083); c = md5_gg(c, d, a, b, x[i + 15], 14, -660478335); b = md5_gg(b, c, d, a, x[i + 4], 20, -405537848); a = md5_gg(a, b, c, d, x[i + 9], 5, 568446438); d = md5_gg(d, a, b, c, x[i + 14], 9, -1019803690); c = md5_gg(c, d, a, b, x[i + 3], 14, -187363961); b = md5_gg(b, c, d, a, x[i + 8], 20, 1163531501); a = md5_gg(a, b, c, d, x[i + 13], 5, -1444681467); d = md5_gg(d, a, b, c, x[i + 2], 9, -51403784); c = md5_gg(c, d, a, b, x[i + 7], 14, 1735328473); b = md5_gg(b, c, d, a, x[i + 12], 20, -1926607734); a = md5_hh(a, b, c, d, x[i + 5], 4, -378558); d = md5_hh(d, a, b, c, x[i + 8], 11, -2022574463); c = md5_hh(c, d, a, b, x[i + 11], 16, 1839030562); b = md5_hh(b, c, d, a, x[i + 14], 23, -35309556); a = md5_hh(a, b, c, d, x[i + 1], 4, -1530992060); d = md5_hh(d, a, b, c, x[i + 4], 11, 1272893353); c = md5_hh(c, d, a, b, x[i + 7], 16, -155497632); b = md5_hh(b, c, d, a, x[i + 10], 23, -1094730640); a = md5_hh(a, b, c, d, x[i + 13], 4, 681279174); d = md5_hh(d, a, b, c, x[i + 0], 11, -358537222); c = md5_hh(c, d, a, b, x[i + 3], 16, -722521979); b = md5_hh(b, c, d, a, x[i + 6], 23, 76029189); a = md5_hh(a, b, c, d, x[i + 9], 4, -640364487); d = md5_hh(d, a, b, c, x[i + 12], 11, -421815835); c = md5_hh(c, d, a, b, x[i + 15], 16, 530742520); b = md5_hh(b, c, d, a, x[i + 2], 23, -995338651); a = md5_ii(a, b, c, d, x[i + 0], 6, -198630844); d = md5_ii(d, a, b, c, x[i + 7], 10, 1126891415); c = md5_ii(c, d, a, b, x[i + 14], 15, -1416354905); b = md5_ii(b, c, d, a, x[i + 5], 21, -57434055); a = md5_ii(a, b, c, d, x[i + 12], 6, 1700485571); d = md5_ii(d, a, b, c, x[i + 3], 10, -1894986606); c = md5_ii(c, d, a, b, x[i + 10], 15, -1051523); b = md5_ii(b, c, d, a, x[i + 1], 21, -2054922799); a = md5_ii(a, b, c, d, x[i + 8], 6, 1873313359); d = md5_ii(d, a, b, c, x[i + 15], 10, -30611744); c = md5_ii(c, d, a, b, x[i + 6], 15, -1560198380); b = md5_ii(b, c, d, a, x[i + 13], 21, 1309151649); a = md5_ii(a, b, c, d, x[i + 4], 6, -145523070); d = md5_ii(d, a, b, c, x[i + 11], 10, -1120210379); c = md5_ii(c, d, a, b, x[i + 2], 15, 718787259); b = md5_ii(b, c, d, a, x[i + 9], 21, -343485551); a = safe_add(a, olda); b = safe_add(b, oldb); c = safe_add(c, oldc); d = safe_add(d, oldd); } return Array(a, b, c, d); } /* * These functions implement the four basic operations the algorithm uses. */ function md5_cmn(q, a, b, x, s, t) { return safe_add(bit_rol(safe_add(safe_add(a, q), safe_add(x, t)), s), b); } function md5_ff(a, b, c, d, x, s, t) { return md5_cmn((b & c) | ((~b) & d), a, b, x, s, t); } function md5_gg(a, b, c, d, x, s, t) { return md5_cmn((b & d) | (c & (~d)), a, b, x, s, t); } function md5_hh(a, b, c, d, x, s, t) { return md5_cmn(b ^ c ^ d, a, b, x, s, t); } function md5_ii(a, b, c, d, x, s, t) { return md5_cmn(c ^ (b | (~d)), a, b, x, s, t); } /* * Add integers, wrapping at 2^32. This uses 16-bit operations internally * to work around bugs in some JS interpreters. */ function safe_add(x, y) { var lsw = (x & 0xFFFF) + (y & 0xFFFF); var msw = (x >> 16) + (y >> 16) + (lsw >> 16); return (msw << 16) | (lsw & 0xFFFF); } /* * Bitwise rotate a 32-bit number to the left. */ function bit_rol(num, cnt) { return (num << cnt) | (num >>> (32 - cnt)); } return hex_md5(instring); }
加载上述代码后,直接使用:MD5_Encrypt('待加密字符串')
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Nodejs(使用外部库)
const CryptoJS = require('crypto-js') let pwd = '密码' // md5加密 let md5_enc_pwd = CryptoJS.MD5(pwd).toString() // sha1加密 let sha1_enc_pwd = CryptoJS.SHA1(pwd).toString() console.log(md5_enc_pwd) // a8105204604a0b11e916f3879aae3b0b console.log(sha1_enc_pwd) // c839a8ff17885af0b098662ccc3ac5e3111b3b3b
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python
from hashlib import md5, sha1 # 加密 pwd = '密码' print(md5(pwd.encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()) print(sha1(pwd.encode('utf-8')).hexdigest())
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HMAC
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Nodejs
const CryptoJS = require('crypto-js') let key = 'key' // 密钥 let pwd = '密码' // hmac中的sha256加密 let hash = CryptoJS.HmacSHA256(pwd, key) let hmac_sha256_pwd = CryptoJS.enc.Hex.stringify(hash) console.log(hmac_sha256_pwd) // 2c3a5556c71f76f1270ca87db60e1e91c69d812d748767468459a46912feed9c
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python
import hashlib import hmac # 加密 key = 'key' pwd = '密码' enc_pwd = hmac.new(key.encode('utf-8'), pwd.encode('utf-8'), hashlib.sha256).hexdigest() print(enc_pwd)
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DES
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逆向特征
- 搜索关键词:cryptojs.des.encrypt、DES、mode、padding等
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js原生实现
function des(key, message, encrypt, mode, iv){ //declaring this locally speeds things up a bit var spfunction1 = new Array(0x1010400,0,0x10000,0x1010404,0x1010004,0x10404,0x4,0x10000,0x400,0x1010400,0x1010404,0x400,0x1000404,0x1010004,0x1000000,0x4,0x404,0x1000400,0x1000400,0x10400,0x10400,0x1010000,0x1010000,0x1000404,0x10004,0x1000004,0x1000004,0x10004,0,0x404,0x10404,0x1000000,0x10000,0x1010404,0x4,0x1010000,0x1010400,0x1000000,0x1000000,0x400,0x1010004,0x10000,0x10400,0x1000004,0x400,0x4,0x1000404,0x10404,0x1010404,0x10004,0x1010000,0x1000404,0x1000004,0x404,0x10404,0x1010400,0x404,0x1000400,0x1000400,0,0x10004,0x10400,0,0x1010004); var spfunction2 = new Array(-0x7fef7fe0,-0x7fff8000,0x8000,0x108020,0x100000,0x20,-0x7fefffe0,-0x7fff7fe0,-0x7fffffe0,-0x7fef7fe0,-0x7fef8000,-0x80000000,-0x7fff8000,0x100000,0x20,-0x7fefffe0,0x108000,0x100020,-0x7fff7fe0,0,-0x80000000,0x8000,0x108020,-0x7ff00000,0x100020,-0x7fffffe0,0,0x108000,0x8020,-0x7fef8000,-0x7ff00000,0x8020,0,0x108020,-0x7fefffe0,0x100000,-0x7fff7fe0,-0x7ff00000,-0x7fef8000,0x8000,-0x7ff00000,-0x7fff8000,0x20,-0x7fef7fe0,0x108020,0x20,0x8000,-0x80000000,0x8020,-0x7fef8000,0x100000,-0x7fffffe0,0x100020,-0x7fff7fe0,-0x7fffffe0,0x100020,0x108000,0,-0x7fff8000,0x8020,-0x80000000,-0x7fefffe0,-0x7fef7fe0,0x108000); var spfunction3 = new Array(0x208,0x8020200,0,0x8020008,0x8000200,0,0x20208,0x8000200,0x20008,0x8000008,0x8000008,0x20000,0x8020208,0x20008,0x8020000,0x208,0x8000000,0x8,0x8020200,0x200,0x20200,0x8020000,0x8020008,0x20208,0x8000208,0x20200,0x20000,0x8000208,0x8,0x8020208,0x200,0x8000000,0x8020200,0x8000000,0x20008,0x208,0x20000,0x8020200,0x8000200,0,0x200,0x20008,0x8020208,0x8000200,0x8000008,0x200,0,0x8020008,0x8000208,0x20000,0x8000000,0x8020208,0x8,0x20208,0x20200,0x8000008,0x8020000,0x8000208,0x208,0x8020000,0x20208,0x8,0x8020008,0x20200); var spfunction4 = new Array(0x802001,0x2081,0x2081,0x80,0x802080,0x800081,0x800001,0x2001,0,0x802000,0x802000,0x802081,0x81,0,0x800080,0x800001,0x1,0x2000,0x800000,0x802001,0x80,0x800000,0x2001,0x2080,0x800081,0x1,0x2080,0x800080,0x2000,0x802080,0x802081,0x81,0x800080,0x800001,0x802000,0x802081,0x81,0,0,0x802000,0x2080,0x800080,0x800081,0x1,0x802001,0x2081,0x2081,0x80,0x802081,0x81,0x1,0x2000,0x800001,0x2001,0x802080,0x800081,0x2001,0x2080,0x800000,0x802001,0x80,0x800000,0x2000,0x802080); var spfunction5 = new Array(0x100,0x2080100,0x2080000,0x42000100,0x80000,0x100,0x40000000,0x2080000,0x40080100,0x80000,0x2000100,0x40080100,0x42000100,0x42080000,0x80100,0x40000000,0x2000000,0x40080000,0x40080000,0,0x40000100,0x42080100,0x42080100,0x2000100,0x42080000,0x40000100,0,0x42000000,0x2080100,0x2000000,0x42000000,0x80100,0x80000,0x42000100,0x100,0x2000000,0x40000000,0x2080000,0x42000100,0x40080100,0x2000100,0x40000000,0x42080000,0x2080100,0x40080100,0x100,0x2000000,0x42080000,0x42080100,0x80100,0x42000000,0x42080100,0x2080000,0,0x40080000,0x42000000,0x80100,0x2000100,0x40000100,0x80000,0,0x40080000,0x2080100,0x40000100); var spfunction6 = new Array(0x20000010,0x20400000,0x4000,0x20404010,0x20400000,0x10,0x20404010,0x400000,0x20004000,0x404010,0x400000,0x20000010,0x400010,0x20004000,0x20000000,0x4010,0,0x400010,0x20004010,0x4000,0x404000,0x20004010,0x10,0x20400010,0x20400010,0,0x404010,0x20404000,0x4010,0x404000,0x20404000,0x20000000,0x20004000,0x10,0x20400010,0x404000,0x20404010,0x400000,0x4010,0x20000010,0x400000,0x20004000,0x20000000,0x4010,0x20000010,0x20404010,0x404000,0x20400000,0x404010,0x20404000,0,0x20400010,0x10,0x4000,0x20400000,0x404010,0x4000,0x400010,0x20004010,0,0x20404000,0x20000000,0x400010,0x20004010); var spfunction7 = new Array(0x200000,0x4200002,0x4000802,0,0x800,0x4000802,0x200802,0x4200800,0x4200802,0x200000,0,0x4000002,0x2,0x4000000,0x4200002,0x802,0x4000800,0x200802,0x200002,0x4000800,0x4000002,0x4200000,0x4200800,0x200002,0x4200000,0x800,0x802,0x4200802,0x200800,0x2,0x4000000,0x200800,0x4000000,0x200800,0x200000,0x4000802,0x4000802,0x4200002,0x4200002,0x2,0x200002,0x4000000,0x4000800,0x200000,0x4200800,0x802,0x200802,0x4200800,0x802,0x4000002,0x4200802,0x4200000,0x200800,0,0x2,0x4200802,0,0x200802,0x4200000,0x800,0x4000002,0x4000800,0x800,0x200002); var spfunction8 = new Array(0x10001040,0x1000,0x40000,0x10041040,0x10000000,0x10001040,0x40,0x10000000,0x40040,0x10040000,0x10041040,0x41000,0x10041000,0x41040,0x1000,0x40,0x10040000,0x10000040,0x10001000,0x1040,0x41000,0x40040,0x10040040,0x10041000,0x1040,0,0,0x10040040,0x10000040,0x10001000,0x41040,0x40000,0x41040,0x40000,0x10041000,0x1000,0x40,0x10040040,0x1000,0x41040,0x10001000,0x40,0x10000040,0x10040000,0x10040040,0x10000000,0x40000,0x10001040,0,0x10041040,0x40040,0x10000040,0x10040000,0x10001000,0x10001040,0,0x10041040,0x41000,0x41000,0x1040,0x1040,0x40040,0x10000000,0x10041000); //create the 16 or 48 subkeys we will need var keys = des_createKeys(key); var m=0, i, j, temp, temp2, right1, right2, left, right, looping; var cbcleft, cbcleft2, cbcright, cbcright2 var endloop, loopinc; var len = message.length; var chunk = 0; //set up the loops for single and triple des var iterations = keys.length == 32 ? 3 : 9; //single or triple des if (iterations == 3){looping = encrypt ? new Array(0, 32, 2) : new Array(30, -2, -2);} else {looping = encrypt ? new Array(0, 32, 2, 62, 30, -2, 64, 96, 2) : new Array(94, 62, -2, 32, 64, 2, 30, -2, -2);} message += "\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0"; //pad the message out with null bytes //store the result here result = ""; tempresult = ""; if (mode == 1){//CBC mode cbcleft = (iv.charCodeAt(m++) << 24) | (iv.charCodeAt(m++) << 16) | (iv.charCodeAt(m++) << 8) | iv.charCodeAt(m++); cbcright = (iv.charCodeAt(m++) << 24) | (iv.charCodeAt(m++) << 16) | (iv.charCodeAt(m++) << 8) | iv.charCodeAt(m++); m=0; } //loop through each 64 bit chunk of the message while (m < len){ left = (message.charCodeAt(m++) << 24) | (message.charCodeAt(m++) << 16) | (message.charCodeAt(m++) << 8) | message.charCodeAt(m++); right = (message.charCodeAt(m++) << 24) | (message.charCodeAt(m++) << 16) | (message.charCodeAt(m++) << 8) | message.charCodeAt(m++); //for Cipher Block Chaining mode, xor the message with the previous result if (mode == 1){if(encrypt){left ^= cbcleft; right ^= cbcright;}else{cbcleft2 = cbcleft; cbcright2 = cbcright; cbcleft = left; cbcright = right;}} //first each 64 but chunk of the message must be permuted according to IP temp = ((left >>> 4) ^ right) & 0x0f0f0f0f; right ^= temp; left ^= (temp << 4); temp = ((left >>> 16) ^ right) & 0x0000ffff; right ^= temp; left ^= (temp << 16); temp = ((right >>> 2) ^ left) & 0x33333333; left ^= temp; right ^= (temp << 2); temp = ((right >>> 8) ^ left) & 0x00ff00ff; left ^= temp; right ^= (temp << 8); temp = ((left >>> 1) ^ right) & 0x55555555; right ^= temp; left ^= (temp << 1); left = ((left << 1) | (left >>> 31)); right = ((right << 1) | (right >>> 31)); //do this either 1 or 3 times for each chunk of the message for (j=0; j<iterations; j+=3){ endloop = looping[j+1]; loopinc = looping[j+2]; //now go through and perform the encryption or decryption for (i=looping[j]; i!=endloop; i+=loopinc){//for efficiency right1 = right ^ keys[i]; right2 = ((right >>> 4) | (right << 28)) ^ keys[i+1]; //the result is attained by passing these bytes through the S selection functions temp = left; left = right; right = temp ^ (spfunction2[(right1 >>> 24) & 0x3f] | spfunction4[(right1 >>> 16) & 0x3f] | spfunction6[(right1 >>> 8) & 0x3f] | spfunction8[right1 & 0x3f] | spfunction1[(right2 >>> 24) & 0x3f] | spfunction3[(right2 >>> 16) & 0x3f] | spfunction5[(right2 >>> 8) & 0x3f] | spfunction7[right2 & 0x3f]); } temp = left; left = right; right = temp; //unreverse left and right } //for either 1 or 3 iterations //move then each one bit to the right left = ((left >>> 1) | (left << 31)); right = ((right >>> 1) | (right << 31)); //now perform IP-1, which is IP in the opposite direction temp = ((left >>> 1) ^ right) & 0x55555555; right ^= temp; left ^= (temp << 1); temp = ((right >>> 8) ^ left) & 0x00ff00ff; left ^= temp; right ^= (temp << 8); temp = ((right >>> 2) ^ left) & 0x33333333; left ^= temp; right ^= (temp << 2); temp = ((left >>> 16) ^ right) & 0x0000ffff; right ^= temp; left ^= (temp << 16); temp = ((left >>> 4) ^ right) & 0x0f0f0f0f; right ^= temp; left ^= (temp << 4); //for Cipher Block Chaining mode, xor the message with the previous result if (mode == 1){if(encrypt){cbcleft = left; cbcright = right;}else{left ^= cbcleft2; right ^= cbcright2;}} tempresult += String.fromCharCode ((left>>>24), ((left>>>16) & 0xff), ((left>>>8) & 0xff), (left & 0xff), (right>>>24), ((right>>>16) & 0xff), ((right>>>8) & 0xff), (right & 0xff)); chunk += 8; if (chunk == 512){result += tempresult; tempresult = ""; chunk = 0;} } //for every 8 characters, or 64 bits in the message //return the result as an array return stringToHex(result + tempresult).slice(2); } //end of des //des_createKeys //this takes as input a 64 bit key (even though only 56 bits are used) //as an array of 2 integers, and returns 16 48 bit keys function des_createKeys(key){ //declaring this locally speeds things up a bit pc2bytes0 = new Array(0,0x4,0x20000000,0x20000004,0x10000,0x10004,0x20010000,0x20010004,0x200,0x204,0x20000200,0x20000204,0x10200,0x10204,0x20010200,0x20010204); pc2bytes1 = new Array(0,0x1,0x100000,0x100001,0x4000000,0x4000001,0x4100000,0x4100001,0x100,0x101,0x100100,0x100101,0x4000100,0x4000101,0x4100100,0x4100101); pc2bytes2 = new Array(0,0x8,0x800,0x808,0x1000000,0x1000008,0x1000800,0x1000808,0,0x8,0x800,0x808,0x1000000,0x1000008,0x1000800,0x1000808); pc2bytes3 = new Array(0,0x200000,0x8000000,0x8200000,0x2000,0x202000,0x8002000,0x8202000,0x20000,0x220000,0x8020000,0x8220000,0x22000,0x222000,0x8022000,0x8222000); pc2bytes4 = new Array(0,0x40000,0x10,0x40010,0,0x40000,0x10,0x40010,0x1000,0x41000,0x1010,0x41010,0x1000,0x41000,0x1010,0x41010); pc2bytes5 = new Array(0,0x400,0x20,0x420,0,0x400,0x20,0x420,0x2000000,0x2000400,0x2000020,0x2000420,0x2000000,0x2000400,0x2000020,0x2000420); pc2bytes6 = new Array(0,0x10000000,0x80000,0x10080000,0x2,0x10000002,0x80002,0x10080002,0,0x10000000,0x80000,0x10080000,0x2,0x10000002,0x80002,0x10080002); pc2bytes7 = new Array(0,0x10000,0x800,0x10800,0x20000000,0x20010000,0x20000800,0x20010800,0x20000,0x30000,0x20800,0x30800,0x20020000,0x20030000,0x20020800,0x20030800); pc2bytes8 = new Array(0,0x40000,0,0x40000,0x2,0x40002,0x2,0x40002,0x2000000,0x2040000,0x2000000,0x2040000,0x2000002,0x2040002,0x2000002,0x2040002); pc2bytes9 = new Array(0,0x10000000,0x8,0x10000008,0,0x10000000,0x8,0x10000008,0x400,0x10000400,0x408,0x10000408,0x400,0x10000400,0x408,0x10000408); pc2bytes10 = new Array(0,0x20,0,0x20,0x100000,0x100020,0x100000,0x100020,0x2000,0x2020,0x2000,0x2020,0x102000,0x102020,0x102000,0x102020); pc2bytes11 = new Array(0,0x1000000,0x200,0x1000200,0x200000,0x1200000,0x200200,0x1200200,0x4000000,0x5000000,0x4000200,0x5000200,0x4200000,0x5200000,0x4200200,0x5200200); pc2bytes12 = new Array(0,0x1000,0x8000000,0x8001000,0x80000,0x81000,0x8080000,0x8081000,0x10,0x1010,0x8000010,0x8001010,0x80010,0x81010,0x8080010,0x8081010); pc2bytes13 = new Array(0,0x4,0x100,0x104,0,0x4,0x100,0x104,0x1,0x5,0x101,0x105,0x1,0x5,0x101,0x105); //how many iterations (1 for des, 3 for triple des) var iterations = key.length >= 24 ? 3 : 1; //stores the return keys var keys = new Array(32 * iterations); //now define the left shifts which need to be done var shifts = new Array(0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0); //other variables var lefttemp, righttemp, m=0, n=0, temp; for (var j=0; j<iterations; j++){//either 1 or 3 iterations left = (key.charCodeAt(m++) << 24) | (key.charCodeAt(m++) << 16) | (key.charCodeAt(m++) << 8) | key.charCodeAt(m++); right = (key.charCodeAt(m++) << 24) | (key.charCodeAt(m++) << 16) | (key.charCodeAt(m++) << 8) | key.charCodeAt(m++); temp = ((left >>> 4) ^ right) & 0x0f0f0f0f; right ^= temp; left ^= (temp << 4); temp = ((right >>> -16) ^ left) & 0x0000ffff; left ^= temp; right ^= (temp << -16); temp = ((left >>> 2) ^ right) & 0x33333333; right ^= temp; left ^= (temp << 2); temp = ((right >>> -16) ^ left) & 0x0000ffff; left ^= temp; right ^= (temp << -16); temp = ((left >>> 1) ^ right) & 0x55555555; right ^= temp; left ^= (temp << 1); temp = ((right >>> 8) ^ left) & 0x00ff00ff; left ^= temp; right ^= (temp << 8); temp = ((left >>> 1) ^ right) & 0x55555555; right ^= temp; left ^= (temp << 1); //the right side needs to be shifted and to get the last four bits of the left side temp = (left << 8) | ((right >>> 20) & 0x000000f0); //left needs to be put upside down left = (right << 24) | ((right << 8) & 0xff0000) | ((right >>> 8) & 0xff00) | ((right >>> 24) & 0xf0); right = temp; //now go through and perform these shifts on the left and right keys for (i=0; i < shifts.length; i++){ //shift the keys either one or two bits to the left if (shifts[i]){left = (left << 2) | (left >>> 26); right = (right << 2) | (right >>> 26);} else {left = (left << 1) | (left >>> 27); right = (right << 1) | (right >>> 27);} left &= -0xf; right &= -0xf; //now apply PC-2, in such a way that E is easier when encrypting or decrypting //this conversion will look like PC-2 except only the last 6 bits of each byte are used //rather than 48 consecutive bits and the order of lines will be according to //how the S selection functions will be applied: S2, S4, S6, S8, S1, S3, S5, S7 lefttemp = pc2bytes0[left >>> 28] | pc2bytes1[(left >>> 24) & 0xf] | pc2bytes2[(left >>> 20) & 0xf] | pc2bytes3[(left >>> 16) & 0xf] | pc2bytes4[(left >>> 12) & 0xf] | pc2bytes5[(left >>> 8) & 0xf] | pc2bytes6[(left >>> 4) & 0xf]; righttemp = pc2bytes7[right >>> 28] | pc2bytes8[(right >>> 24) & 0xf] | pc2bytes9[(right >>> 20) & 0xf] | pc2bytes10[(right >>> 16) & 0xf] | pc2bytes11[(right >>> 12) & 0xf] | pc2bytes12[(right >>> 8) & 0xf] | pc2bytes13[(right >>> 4) & 0xf]; temp = ((righttemp >>> 16) ^ lefttemp) & 0x0000ffff; keys[n++] = lefttemp ^ temp; keys[n++] = righttemp ^ (temp << 16); } } //for each iterations //return the keys we've created return keys; } //end of des_createKeys function stringToHex(s){ var r = "0x"; var hexes = new Array("0","1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","a","b","c","d","e","f"); for (var i=0; i<s.length; i++){r += hexes[s.charCodeAt(i) >> 4] + hexes[s.charCodeAt(i) & 0xf];} return r; } // var key = "12345678"; // var message = "hello world"; // console.log(des(key, message, 1, 0));
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Nodejs
const CryptoJS = require('crypto-js') let key = '12345678' // 密钥 let pwd = '密码' let new_key = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse(key) let new_pwd = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse(pwd) let config = { mode: CryptoJS.mode.ECB, padding: CryptoJS.pad.Pkcs7 } // 加密 let enc_pwd = CryptoJS.DES.encrypt(new_pwd, new_key, config).toString() console.log(enc_pwd) // 80lOPdkA6f4= // 解密 let dec_pwd = CryptoJS.DES.decrypt(enc_pwd, new_key, config).toString(CryptoJS.enc.Utf8) console.log(dec_pwd)
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python
# coding:utf-8 import base64 from Crypto.Cipher import DES from Crypto.Util.Padding import pad, unpad class DESCrypt: def __init__(self): self.key = b'12345678' # 密钥 self.mode = DES.MODE_CBC # 模式 self.iv = b'87654321' # 初始化向量 def encrpyt(self, text): '''加密''' text_pad = pad(text.encode('utf-8'), DES.block_size) # 填充后的字节串 crpytor = DES.new(self.key, self.mode, self.iv) # 生成算法对象 encrypt_data = crpytor.encrypt(text_pad) # 对数据进行加密 return base64.b64encode(encrypt_data).decode() def decrypt(self, text): '''解密''' data = base64.b64decode(text.encode()) crpytor = DES.new(self.key, self.mode, self.iv) decrypt_data = crpytor.decrypt(data) # 对数据进行解密 res = unpad(decrypt_data, DES.block_size).decode() # 去除多余字符 return res if __name__ == '__main__': des = DESCrypt() data = '123456' encrypt_data = des.encrpyt(data) print(f'【{data}】加密-->【{encrypt_data}】') decrypt_data = des.decrypt(encrypt_data) print(f'【{encrypt_data}】解密-->【{decrypt_data}】')
ECB模式没有使用初始化向量(IV),其它模式有初始化向量时,Nodejs中只需要在cfg中添加属性'iv'即可配置
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3DES
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python
import base64 from Crypto.Cipher import DES3 from Crypto.Util.Padding import pad, unpad class Des3: def __init__(self): self.key = b'123456789012345678901234' # 密钥:16或24字节 self.mode = DES3.MODE_CBC # 模式 self.iv = b'12345678' # 初始化向量 def encrpyt(self, text): '''加密''' text_pad = pad(text.encode('utf-8'), DES3.block_size,style='pkcs7') # 填充后的字节串 crpytor = DES3.new(self.key, self.mode, self.iv) # 生成算法对象 encrypt_data = crpytor.encrypt(text_pad) # 对数据进行加密 return base64.b64encode(encrypt_data).decode() def decrypt(self, text): '''解密''' data = base64.b64decode(text.encode()) crpytor = DES3.new(self.key, self.mode, self.iv) decrypt_data = crpytor.decrypt(data) # 对数据进行解密 res = unpad(decrypt_data, DES3.block_size).decode() # 去除多余字符 return res
注意key是16个字节或者24字节
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AES
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逆向特征
- 加密结果一般是8 的整数倍。
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搜索关键词:cryptojs.aes、encryptedString、010001、
AES、mode、padding等
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Nodejs
const CryptoJS = require('crypto-js') let pwd = "密码"; let key = "1234567890abcdef" let new_key = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse(key) let new_pwd = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse(pwd) let cfg = { mode: CryptoJS.mode.ECB, padding: CryptoJS.pad.Pkcs7 } // AES加密 let enc_pwd = CryptoJS.AES.encrypt(new_pwd, new_key, cfg).toString() console.log(enc_pwd) // cdT+fh971Dgn3ji5v3+0AQ== // AES解密 let dec_pwd = CryptoJS.AES.decrypt(enc_pwd, new_key, cfg).toString(CryptoJS.enc.Utf8) // 指定解码方式 console.log(dec_pwd) // 密码
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python
# coding:utf-8 import base64 from Crypto.Cipher import AES from Crypto.Util.Padding import pad, unpad class AESCrypt: def __init__(self): self.key = b'0123456789abcdef' # 密钥 16、24或32字节 self.mode = AES.MODE_CBC # 模式 self.iv = b'0123456789abcdef' # 初始化向量 16字节 def encrpyt(self, text): '''加密''' text_pad = pad(text.encode('utf-8'), AES.block_size) # 填充后的字节串 crpytor = AES.new(self.key, self.mode, self.iv) # 生成算法对象 encrypt_data = crpytor.encrypt(text_pad) # 对数据进行加密 return base64.b64encode(encrypt_data).decode() def decrypt(self, text): '''解密''' data = base64.b64decode(text.encode()) crpytor = AES.new(self.key, self.mode, self.iv) decrypt_data = crpytor.decrypt(data) # 对数据进行解密 res = unpad(decrypt_data, AES.block_size).decode() # 去除多余字符 return res if __name__ == '__main__': aes = AESCrypt() data = '123456' encrypt_data = aes.encrpyt(data) print(f'【{data}】加密-->【{encrypt_data}】') decrypt_data = aes.decrypt(encrypt_data) print(f'【{encrypt_data}】解密-->【{decrypt_data}】')
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RSA
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逆向特征
- 同一个明文可以生成不同的密文
- 加密后的数据长度不可能是
8
的倍数 - 搜索关键词:new JSEncrypt、setpublickey、ABCDEFG、abcdefg。
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Nodejs
window = global; const JSEncrypt = require('jsencrypt'); // npm install jsencrypt@3.2.1 publickey = ` -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY----- MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCdRivxDSsUknPXJ4iGLwmezwgc 1mue6d+Xyf67NWeHc6vC5vq2BfSmGgOz42dQ1JOwzWM+1TG6gocJbfSSsW1dFy3G sMLUblq1iIQ9/NZLjGRgF7+MUxCxTp+okPyhhUCeeg7u44B9F3OdDXIc3peAs4hV QI241AHnQqKJJVrEIwIDAQAB -----END PUBLIC KEY----- `; // 加密 let jse = new JSEncrypt(); jse.setPublicKey(publickey); var enc_pwd = jse.encrypt('密码'); console.log(enc_pwd) // dYxPVvIG/O2rHq0M6IG1H2yB0euqgL3pJ8jS+oFyGg7ZNHsWtLH/T6sYFRmVeMQwPJ4+c0ReEr/8wdzPcDg8NA== // 解密 privatekey = ` -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY----- MIICWwIBAAKBgQCdRivxDSsUknPXJ4iGLwmezwgc1mue6d+Xyf67NWeHc6vC5vq2 BfSmGgOz42dQ1JOwzWM+1TG6gocJbfSSsW1dFy3GsMLUblq1iIQ9/NZLjGRgF7+M UxCxTp+okPyhhUCeeg7u44B9F3OdDXIc3peAs4hVQI241AHnQqKJJVrEIwIDAQAB AoGAPW7dGDYUF1+Tlz3ugreZ8uoc2aLZ/AOP3ss80OSt8Yd51tKBqRtPcphjzN8t irHWlO/Nbgw59ggpdkH4kFp1BJRyqTIxNibZaBK4vrvP6nnta6Us3zsdmYvql6v8 zpa7mIiXkchftj2M2bZEsJib3Xor9idzg805H2pyYWSsd2ECQQDAG/7tIHJ5hsAa dyqjbHDpFoVa1t6JpNVlttj+NLIuQKi8Atd5xXF5SPGFwVjeYfyvFbPp0rAoFje1 ldfUNB5DAkEA0ZRWIOHOMV+h2NMx5PCRnPClmx450I2bqdOo14CnG6gmipw15Oh5 oeLGqM1XsNKobDclU8YbR5B/YRxaw8eUoQJAEnYeR3doyNj0ORbemBnht+ScKCCh /iRDBaVOsQ8rWFqKXJcBUghxYTBrVWlBOw27lK/HPF8s4o1QCTk/JntjtQJAQKk/ mY2RjHIxATDH6BbBFma48Y71z36hVFhVc4fiBwpuOb3Qcvu261eIa3RPZeLYy+qH vb0VlZLjehbBej4NgQJAF9RKBmh7VtqrzhBU53KzVzpwSUdpiuNGnb563xNt4FtS Ybwh5wrMDHf6y8GNUgI2ICKZA+0LCWDs/PxekA8URg== -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY----- ` jse.setPrivateKey(privatekey); var dec_pwd = jse.decrypt(enc_pwd); console.log(dec_pwd) // 加密
每次加密的结果都会不同,密钥对可通过在线工具生成
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python
- 如果在高版本python中,可能需要降级urllib3,否则requests会报SSLError异常
pip install urllib3==1.26.20 --force-reinstall
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python
import base64 from Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_v1_5 from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA # ------------------------生成密钥对------------------------ def gen_rsa_pair(): rsaKey = RSA.generate(1024) public_key = rsaKey.publickey().exportKey() # 生成公钥 private_key = rsaKey.exportKey() # 生成私钥 return public_key, private_key # ------------------------加密------------------------ def rsa_encrypt(data: str, public_key: bytes): # 构建公钥对象,并通过它生成rsa算法对象 rsa = PKCS1_v1_5.new(RSA.importKey(public_key)) # 加密(bytes) encrypt_data = rsa.encrypt(data.encode('utf-8')) # base64编码后的rsa加密结果 return base64.b64encode(encrypt_data).decode() # ------------------------解密------------------------ def rsa_decrypt(b64_encrypt_data: str, private_key: bytes): # 构建私钥对象,并通过它生成rsa算法对象 rsa = PKCS1_v1_5.new(RSA.importKey(private_key)) # 解密(bytes) decrypt_data = rsa.decrypt(base64.b64decode(b64_encrypt_data), None) return decrypt_data.decode('utf-8') if __name__ == '__main__': # 生成密钥对 public_key, private_key = gen_rsa_pair() # 加密 data = '123456' encrypt_data = rsa_encrypt(data, public_key) print(f'【{data}】加密-->【{encrypt_data}】') # 解密 decrpyt_data = rsa_decrypt(encrypt_data, private_key) print(f'【{encrypt_data}】解密-->【{decrpyt_data}】')
- 如果在高版本python中,可能需要降级urllib3,否则requests会报SSLError异常
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