Red Hat Linux 5.2 14T大文件系统分区过程

<<< Log from 210.42.35.61 started 五月 22, 2010, 14:49:01 >>>

[root@Backup-ctgu /]#parted /dev/sdd （用parted分区）

GNU Parted 1.8.1

Using /dev/sdd

Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.

(parted) mklabelgpt

Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/sdd will be destroyed and all data on this disk will be lost. Do you want to

continue?

Yes/No?yes

New disk label type? [gpt]?

(parted)print

Model: IBM VirtualDisk (scsi)

Disk /dev/sdd: 14.0TB

Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B

Partition Table: gpt

Number Start End Size File system Name Flags

(parted)mklabel gpt

Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/sdd will be destroyed and all data on this disk will be lost. Do you want to

continue?

Yes/No?yes

New disk label type? [gpt]?

(parted)mkpart primary 0 -1 （只分一个区）

(parted)print

Model: IBM VirtualDisk (scsi)

Disk /dev/sdd: 14.0TB

Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B

Partition Table: gpt

Number Start End Size File system Name Flags

1 17.4kB 14.0TB 14.0TB primary

(parted)quit

Information: Don't forget to update /etc/fstab, if necessary.

[root@Backup-ctgu /]#partprobe

No Implementation: Support for adding partitions to AIX disk labels is not implemented yet.

No Implementation: Support for reading AIX disk labels is is not implemented yet.

[root@Backup-ctgu /]#parted

GNU Parted 1.8.1

浣跨?/dev/sda

Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.

(parted) select sdd 浣?

(parted) quit

淇℃?瑕蹇璁版姘 /etc/fstab?

瑕锛涓

[root@Backup-ctgu /]#export LANG=en （操作系统默认是中文，改英文，不然有上面的乱码）

[root@Backup-ctgu /]#parted /dev/sdd

GNU Parted 1.8.1

Using /dev/sdd

Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.

(parted)help

check NUMBER do a simple check on the file system

cp [FROM-DEVICE] FROM-NUMBER TO-NUMBER copy file system to another partition

help [COMMAND] prints general help, or help on COMMAND

mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE create a new disklabel (partition table)

mkfs NUMBER FS-TYPE make a FS-TYPE file system on partititon NUMBER

mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END make a partition

mkpartfs PART-TYPE FS-TYPE START END make a partition with a file system

move NUMBER START END move partition NUMBER

name NUMBER NAME name partition NUMBER as NAME

print [free|NUMBER|all] display the partition table, a partition, or all devices

quit exit program

rescue START END rescue a lost partition near START and END

resize NUMBER START END resize partition NUMBER and its file system

rm NUMBER delete partition NUMBER

select DEVICE choose the device to edit

set NUMBER FLAG STATE change the FLAG on partition NUMBER

toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]] toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER

unit UNIT set the default unit to UNIT

version displays the current version of GNU Parted and copyright information

(parted) print

Model: IBM VirtualDisk (scsi)

Disk /dev/sdd: 14.0TB

Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B

Partition Table: gpt

Number Start End Size File system Name Flags

1 17.4kB 14.0TB 14.0TB primary

(parted)mkfs

Warning: The existing file system will be destroyed and all data on the partition will be lost. Do you want to

continue?

Yes/No? yes

Partition number? 1

File system? [ext2]?ext3 （parted不支持ext3）

No Implementation: Support for creating ext3 file systems is not implemented yet.

(parted) quit

Information: Don't forget to update /etc/fstab, if necessary.

[root@Backup-ctgu /]#fdisk -l （fdisk看不到用parted分的区）

Disk /dev/sda: 145.9 GB, 145999527936 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 17750 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 25 200781 83 Linux

/dev/sda2 26 2114 16779892+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris

/dev/sda3 2115 17750 125596170 83 Linux

WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sdd'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted.

Disk /dev/sdd: 13995.3 GB, 13995327094784 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1701501 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdd1 1 267350 2147483647+ ee EFI GPT

There is a valid AIX label on this disk.

Unfortunately Linux cannot handle these

disks at the moment. Nevertheless some

advice:

1. fdisk will destroy its contents on write.

2. Be sure that this disk is NOT a still vital

part of a volume group. (Otherwise you may

erase the other disks as well, if unmirrored.)

3. Before deleting this physical volume be sure

to remove the disk logically from your AIX

machine. (Otherwise you become an AIXpert).

Disk /dev/sde: 329.8 GB, 329853488128 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 40102 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

[root@Backup-ctgu /]#mkfs -t ext3 -b 8192 /dev/sdd1 （打算用8K的数据块，但格式化时间太长，不想等）

Warning: blocksize 8192 not usable on most systems.

mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)

mkfs.ext3: 8192-byte blocks too big for system (max 4096)

Proceed anyway? (y,n)n

[root@Backup-ctgu /]#cat /etc/mke2fs.conf （文件系统支持的块如下）

[defaults]

base_features = sparse_super,filetype,resize_inode,dir_index

blocksize = 4096

inode_ratio = 8192

[fs_types]

small = {

blocksize = 1024

inode_ratio = 4096

}

floppy = {

blocksize = 1024

}

news = {

inode_ratio = 4096

}

largefile = {

inode_ratio = 1048576

}

largefile4 = {

inode_ratio = 4194304

}

[root@Backup-ctgu /]# mkfs.ext3 -T largefile4 /dev/sdd1 -F （用4M的块强制格式化，10分钟左右完成14T）

mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

3336768 inodes, 3416827895 blocks

170841394 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296

104274 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

32 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,

4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,

102400000, 214990848, 512000000, 550731776, 644972544, 1934917632,

2560000000

Writing inode tables: done

Creating journal (32768 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information:

done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 22 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

[root@Backup-ctgu /]#

[root@Backup-ctgu /]# ls

bin dev dsmserv.err export lib lost+found misc net proc sbin srv tftpboot tsm var

boot ds4700 etc home lib64 media mnt opt root selinux sys tmp usr

[root@Backup-ctgu /]#mount /dev/sdd1 /tsm （mount文件系统）

[root@Backup-ctgu /]#df -k

Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda3 121659892 29560596 85819488 26% /

/dev/sda1 194442 21469 162934 12% /boot

tmpfs 3013012 0 3013012 0% /dev/shm

/dev/sdd1 13665981956 151296 12982465084 1% /tsm

[root@Backup-ctgu ~]#vi /etc/fstab （开机自动mount）

LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults 1 1

LABEL=/boot1 /boot ext2 defaults 1 2

tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0

devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0

sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0

proc /proc proc defaults 0 0

LABEL=SWAP-sda2 swap swap defaults 0 0

/dev/sdd1 /tsm ext3 defaults 0 0

[root@Backup-ctgu ~]#

<<< Log from 210.42.35.61 ended 五月 22, 2010, 15:55:27 >>>

总结：

一、关于分区：

parted是Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.2下自带的另外一款分区软件，相对于fdisk，它的使用更加方便，同时它还提供了动态调整分区大小的功能。本节将介绍如何通过parted创建、删除磁盘分区、查看分区表、更改分区大小、创建文件系统以及如何使用parted的交互模式等。

parted简介

parted是另一款在Linux下常用的分区软件，它支持的分区类型范围非常广，包括ext2、ext3、linux-swap、FAT、FAT32、reiserfs、HFS、jsf、ntfs、ufs和xfs等。无论是Linux还是Windows，它都能很好地支持。其命令格式如下：

parted [options] [device [command [options...]...]]

其中的命令选项说明如下所述。

● -h：显示帮助信息。

● -i：交互模式。

● -s：脚本模式。

● -v：显示parted的版本信息。

● device：磁盘设备名称，如/dev/hda。

● command：parted指令，如果没有设置指令，则parted将会进入交互模式，parted指令将会在7.3.2节中详细介绍。

例如要查看parted的版本信息，其命令如下所示。

# parted -v

GNU Parted 1.8.1

可以看到，系统当前使用的parted版本为1.8.1。

二、关于文件系统限制

红帽ext3文件系统所支持的max file size和max filesystem size如图

Ext3

最大文件大小: 2TB

最大文件极限: 仅受文件系统大小限制

最大分区/文件系统大小: 4TB

最大文件名长度: 255 字符

缺省最小/最大块大小: 1024/4096 字节

缺省inode分配: 每4096字节为1

在强制FS检查前的最大装载: 20(可配置

三、关于块大小：

创建文件系统时，可以指定块的大小。如果将来在你的文件系统中是一些比较大的文件的话，使用较大的块大小将得到较好的性能。将ext2文件系统的块大小调整为4096byte而不是缺省的1024byte，可以减少文件碎片，加快fsck扫描的速度和文件删除以及读操作的速度。另外，在ext2的文件系统中，为根目录保留了5%的空间，对一个大的文件系统，除非用作日志文件，5%的比例有些过多。可以使用命令"# mke2fs -b 4096 -m 1 /dev/hda6"将它改为1%并以块大小4096byte创建文件系统。

使用多大的块大小，需要根据你的系统综合考虑，如果系统用作邮件或者新闻服务器，使用较大的块大小，虽然性能有所提高，但会造成磁盘空间较大的浪费。比如文件系统中的文件平均大小为2145byte，如果使用4096byte的块大小，平均每一个文件就会浪费1951byte空间。如果使用1024byte 的块大小，平均每一个文件会浪费927byte空间。在性能和磁盘的代价上如何平衡，要看具体应用的需要。

posted @ 2012-09-13 15:04 einyboy 阅读(3080) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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Red Hat Linux 5.2 14T大文件系统 分区过程

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Red Hat Linux 5.2 14T大文件系统分区过程