struct与class区别联系(转)
传送门:struct与class区别联系
注意C中的struct和C++中的struct是不一样的,c中的struct比较原生,仅仅是将一些属性封装起来构成一个整体,没有OO的相关特性。而c++中的struct是对c中的struct进行扩展(兼容c中的struct),具备OO的特性,其实c++中的class能干的事情struct几乎都能干,什么继承、多态等都OK。直接看下面代码,不同编译器对结果可能不一样:
`#include <stdio.h>
struct A
{
int a;
//D:\github\cpp_hello_world>gcc -x c structtest.cpp
//structtest.cpp:7:5: error: expected ‘:’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘}’ or ‘__at
// _’ before ‘{’ token
void print() // pure c, this is not allowd
{
printf("a printf %d\n", a);
}
};
struct B : A
{
int b;
B(int bb)
{
b = bb;
a = -1;
}
B(){b = 0; a = 2;}
};
class C
{
public: // if there's no pubic, cannot use this way: C c = {11};
int c;
char d;
void func() //normal function(no construct/inherit .etc OO properties), you can also use this way: C c = {11};
{
printf("%d, %c\n", c, d);
}
//C(){}
};
struct D
{
int c;
char d;
D() // if there's no Construct or some other OO properties(like inherit), you can use this way: D d = {1,'y'}
{
c = -1;
d = 'x';
}
};
struct E
{
int c;
char d;
void func() //normal function, you can also use this way: E e = {2,'z'};
{
printf("%d, %c\n", c, d);
}
};
struct AA
{
private:
int a;
public:
int b;
};
class BClass: AA
{
public:
void fun()
{
printf("%d\n", b);
}
};
struct BStruct: AA
{
void func()
{
printf("%d\n", b);
}
};
struct Base
{
virtual void fun()
{
printf("Base\n");
}
};
struct Child: Base
{
void fun()
{
printf("Child\n");
}
};
int main()
{
B b, b1(1);
printf("%d, %d \n", b.b, b.a);
printf("%d, %d \n", b1.b, b1.a);
A a = {10};
printf("%d\n", a.a);
C c = {11, 'a'};
C c1 = {'d'}; //convert to int
C c2 = {}; //init with default
C c3;
printf("%d, %c\n", c.c, c.d);
printf("%d, %c, %d\n", c1.c, c1.d, c1.d);
printf("%d, %d\n", c2.c, c2.d);
printf("%d, %c\n", c3.c, c3.d);//uninit, vs2012 will show Run-Time Check Failure #3 window,
c3.func();//uninit, but this way will pass the "Run-Time Check" in vs2012
//D d = {1,'y'}; //error: in C++98 ‘d’ must be initialized by constructo not by ‘{...}’
//printf("%d, %c\n", d.c, d.d);
E e = {2,'z'};
printf("%d, %c\n", e.c, e.d);
e.func();
BClass bclass;
BStruct bstruct;
bclass.fun();
bstruct.func();
//printf("%d", bclass.b); // “AA::b”不可访问,因为“BClass”使用“private”从“AA”继承
printf("%d\n", bstruct.b); //OK
Base base;
Child child;
base.fun();
child.fun();
Base* base2 = &child;
base2->fun();
return 0;
}`
VisualStudio 2012默认debug和release结果:
Image(8)[4]73028934dad360862f6ed22a22a35c24
G++ 4.5.3, 默认和O2(g++ -O2 structtest.cpp)结果:
600b675239e56d6d70ac255f68e353f544e877ad37f3a2a6f5a77577dfb4adc5
mac下的g++(Apple LLVM version 5.1 (clang-503.0.40) (based on LLVM 3.4svn))无优化和O2结果
struct-and-class
不同编译器结果不一样主要是体现在printf函数实现(有空再研究下)下以及C c3的未初始化(注意c2和c3的区别)~ 这也告诉我们一定要注意初始化啊~未初始化的值是未定义的,啥结果可能都有。
可以看出:
区别关键就是访问控制,struct默认是public,class默认是private。包括struct下定义的属性/成员访问控制(默认public),继承方式默认public。几个注意的地方,struct还能继承class,class也能继承struct,一定条件下class也能像struct用{…}初始化构造.当struct/class带有OO特性时,如继承、构造函数、虚函数时,除了默认的访问控制符外,struct跟class行为完全一样。例子中的通过{…}提供参数化列表构造一个实例,class也能通过这样的方式构造。当有继承、构造函数等OO特性定义(非成员函数)时,即便是struct也不能通过{…}初始化构造.
另外,class在c++中还能在模版定义中,类似(typename),而struct不行。
以上算是struct和class的区别和联系吧。核心思想是记住c++中的struct也能用于OOP,与class的默认访问控制权限不一样。
Reference : http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_48f587a80100k630.html
C# struct和class区别: http://www.cnblogs.com/gsk99/archive/2011/05/20/1904552.html