Eratosrhenes筛选法

 

1简介

     埃拉托色尼选筛法(the Sieve of Eratosthenes)简称埃氏筛法,是古希腊数学家埃拉托色尼(Eratosthenes 274B.C.~194B.C.)提出的一种筛选法。 是针对自然数列中的自然数而实施的,用于求一定范围内的质数,它的容斥原理之完备性条件是p=H~。

2步骤

(1)先把1删除(现今数学界1既不是质数也不是合数)
(2)读取队列中当前最小的数2,然后把2的倍数删去
(3)读取队列中当前最小的数3,然后把3的倍数删去
(4)读取队列中当前最小的数5,然后把5的倍数删去
(5)如上所述直到需求的范围内所有的数均删除或读取
注:此处的队列并非数据结构队列,如需保留运算结果,处于存储空间的充分利用以及大量删除操作的实施,建议采用链表数据结构
 
该算法是用空间换时间,代码实现如下
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define SIZE 10000
#define TRUE 1
#define FALSE 0
int
main()
{
char sieve[ SIZE ]; /* the sieve */
char *sp; /* pointer to access the sieve */
int number; /* number we’re computing */
/*
** Set the entire sieve to TRUE.
*/
for( sp = sieve; sp < &sieve[ SIZE ]; )
*sp++ = TRUE;
/*
Solution 6.4 continued . . .
Pointers on C—Instructor′s Guide 33
** Process each number from 3 to as many as the sieve holds. (Note: the
** loop is terminated from inside.)
*/
for( number = 3; ; number += 2 ){
/*
** Set the pointer to the proper element in the sieve, and stop
** the loop if we’ve gone too far.
*/
sp = &sieve[0]+(number-3) / 2;
if( sp >= &sieve[ SIZE ] )
break;
/*
** Now advance the pointer by multiples of the number and set
** each subsequent entry FALSE.
*/
while( sp += number, sp < &sieve[ SIZE ] )
*sp = FALSE;
}
/*
** Go through the entire sieve now and print the numbers corresponding
** to the locations that remain TRUE.
*/
number=2;
printf( "%8d", number );
for( number = 3, sp = &sieve[ 0 ];
sp < &sieve[ SIZE ];
number += 2, sp++ ){
if( *sp )
printf( "%8d", number );
}
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

 由于除了2之外,所有偶数都不是质数,所以令数组中的元素只对应奇数,可使程序的空间效率提高一倍。

n(数组下标) 0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10

s(奇数)     3  5  7  9   11 13   15    17    19    21    23

显然s=2*n+3    由于n增加1时,s增加2.

所以对s进行筛选时

读取3,然后将2*3=6的倍数删去(因为是对奇数进行筛选)——》对n将3k+0的数删去

所以对下标n进行筛选时,可删去3k,1+5k,2+7k。。。。。

for( number = 3; ; number += 2 ){
/*
** Set the pointer to the proper element in the sieve, and stop
** the loop if we’ve gone too far.
*/
sp = &sieve[0]+(number-3) / 2;
if( sp >= &sieve[ SIZE ] )
break;
/*
** Now advance the pointer by multiples of the number and set
** each subsequent entry FALSE.
*/
while( sp += number, sp < &sieve[ SIZE ] )
*sp = FALSE;
}
posted @ 2014-07-28 21:55  eesnake  阅读(337)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报