python的pip管理工具

Python有两个著名的包管理工具easy_install.py和pip。在Python2.7的安装包中，easy_install.py是默认安装的，而pip需要我们手动安装。

在此进行编译安装pip管理工具，下载地址：https://pypi.org/project/pip/#files

现在的pip版本是pip-10.0.1，支持python2.x和python3.x

1、下载文件，然后解压

tar -xf pip-10.0.1.tar.gz 

2、查看pip文件内容

[root@python pip-10.0.1]# ls
AUTHORS.txt  dist  LICENSE.txt  NEWS.rst  pyproject.toml  setup.cfg  src
build        docs  MANIFEST.in  PKG-INFO  README.rst      setup.py

3、安装pip

[root@python pip-10.0.1]# python setup.py install

4、查看pip安装成功版本

[root@python pip-10.0.1]# pip -V
pip 10.0.1 from /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-10.0.1-py2.7.egg/pip (python 2.7)

5、测试安装psutil模块

[root@python ~]# pip install psutil

出现以下问题 

Collecting psutil
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/51/9e/0f8f5423ce28c9109807024f7bdde776ed0b1161de20b408875de7e030c3/psutil-5.4.6.tar.gz (418kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 419kB 227kB/s 
ipaclient 4.5.4 requires jinja2, which is not installed.
rtslib-fb 2.1.63 has requirement pyudev>=0.16.1, but you'll have pyudev 0.15 which is incompatible.
ipapython 4.5.4 has requirement dnspython>=1.15, but you'll have dnspython 1.12.0 which is incompatible.
Installing collected packages: psutil
  Running setup.py install for psutil ... error
    Complete output from command /bin/python -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-install-BO0YvS/psutil/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-record-FbEPxr/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile:
    /usr/lib64/python2.7/distutils/dist.py:267: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'python_requires'
      warnings.warn(msg)
    running install
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil
    copying psutil/_exceptions.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil
    copying psutil/_psposix.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil
    copying psutil/_psbsd.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil
    copying psutil/_psaix.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil
    copying psutil/_pssunos.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil
    copying psutil/_pslinux.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil
    copying psutil/_common.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil
    copying psutil/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil
    copying psutil/_psosx.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil
    copying psutil/_compat.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil
    copying psutil/_pswindows.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil/tests
    copying psutil/tests/__main__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil/tests
    copying psutil/tests/test_bsd.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil/tests
    copying psutil/tests/test_contracts.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil/tests
    copying psutil/tests/test_aix.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil/tests
    copying psutil/tests/test_memory_leaks.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil/tests
    copying psutil/tests/test_connections.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil/tests
    copying psutil/tests/test_system.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil/tests
    copying psutil/tests/test_linux.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil/tests
    copying psutil/tests/test_misc.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil/tests
    copying psutil/tests/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil/tests
    copying psutil/tests/test_osx.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil/tests
    copying psutil/tests/test_process.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil/tests
    copying psutil/tests/test_windows.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil/tests
    copying psutil/tests/test_posix.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil/tests
    copying psutil/tests/test_sunos.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil/tests
    copying psutil/tests/test_unicode.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil/tests
    running build_ext
    building 'psutil._psutil_linux' extension
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -DPSUTIL_POSIX=1 -DPSUTIL_VERSION=546 -DPSUTIL_LINUX=1 -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c psutil/_psutil_common.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/psutil/_psutil_common.o
    psutil/_psutil_common.c:9:20: 致命错误：Python.h：没有那个文件或目录
     #include <Python.h>
                        ^
    编译中断。
    error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
    
    ----------------------------------------
Command "/bin/python -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-install-BO0YvS/psutil/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-record-FbEPxr/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-install-BO0YvS/psutil/

解决方法：

安装python-devel，这是python的头文件和静态库包

[root@python ~]# yum install python-devel

6、再次安装psutil模块

[root@python ~]# pip install psutil      
Collecting psutil
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/51/9e/0f8f5423ce28c9109807024f7bdde776ed0b1161de20b408875de7e030c3/psutil-5.4.6.tar.gz
ipaclient 4.5.4 requires jinja2, which is not installed.
rtslib-fb 2.1.63 has requirement pyudev>=0.16.1, but you'll have pyudev 0.15 which is incompatible.
ipapython 4.5.4 has requirement dnspython>=1.15, but you'll have dnspython 1.12.0 which is incompatible.
Installing collected packages: psutil
  Running setup.py install for psutil ... done
Successfully installed psutil-5.4.6

 致此，pip安装成功，可以安装自已想要的模块，解决模块的依赖关系。