【转】ABP webapi三种方式
作者:圣杰
链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/d14733432dc2
來源:简书
著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权,非商业转载请注明出处。
1. 引言
上一节我们讲解了如何创建微信公众号模块,这一节我们就继续跟进,来讲一讲公众号模块如何与系统进行交互。
微信公众号模块作为一个独立的web模块部署,要想与现有的【任务清单】进行交互,我们要想明白以下几个问题:
- 如何进行交互?
ABP模板项目中默认创建了webapi项目,其动态webapi技术允许我们直接访问appservice作为webapi而不用在webapi层编写额外的代码。所以,自然而然我们要通过webapi与系统进行交互。 - 通过webapi与系统进行交互,如何确保安全?
我们知道暴露的webapi如果不加以授权控制,就如同在大街上裸奔。所以在访问webapi时,我们需要通过身份认证来确保安全访问。 - 都有哪几种身份认证方式?
第一种就是大家熟知的cookie认证方式;
第二种就是token认证方式:在访问webapi之前,先要向目标系统申请令牌(token),申请到令牌后,再使用令牌访问webapi。Abp默认提供了这种方式;
第三种是基于OAuth2.0的token认证方式:OAuth2.0是什么玩意?建议先看看OAuth2.0 知多少以便我们后续内容的展开。OAuth2.0认证方式弥补了Abp自带token认证的短板,即无法进行token刷新。
基于这一节,我完善了一个demo,大家可以直接访问http://shengjietest.azurewebsites.net/进行体验。
下面我们就以【通过webapi请求用户列表】为例看一看三种认证方式的具体实现。
2. Cookie认证方式
Cookie认证方式的原理就是:在访问webapi之前,通过登录目标系统建立连接,将cookie写入本地。下一次访问webapi的时候携带cookie信息就可以完成认证。
2.1. 登录目标系统
这一步简单,我们仅需提供用户名密码,Post一个登录请求即可。
我们在微信模块中创建一个WeixinController
:
public class WeixinController : Controller { private readonly IAbpWebApiClient _abpWebApiClient; private string baseUrl = "http://shengjie.azurewebsites.net/"; private string loginUrl = "/account/login"; private string webapiUrl = "/api/services/app/User/GetUsers"; private string abpTokenUrl = "/api/Account/Authenticate"; private string oAuthTokenUrl = "/oauth/token"; private string user = "admin"; private string pwd = "123qwe"; public WeixinController() { _abpWebApiClient = new AbpWebApiClient(); } }
其中IAbpWebApiClient
是对HttpClient
的封装,用于发送 HTTP 请求和接收HTTP 响应。
下面添加CookieBasedAuth
方法,来完成登录认证,代码如下:
public async Task CookieBasedAuth() { Uri uri = new Uri(baseUrl + loginUrl); var handler = new HttpClientHandler() { AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.None, UseCookies = true }; using (var client = new HttpClient(handler)) { client.BaseAddress = uri; client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new System.Net.Http.Headers.MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json")); var content = new FormUrlEncodedContent(new Dictionary<string, string>() { {"TenancyName", "Default"}, {"UsernameOrEmailAddress", user}, {"Password", pwd } }); var result = await client.PostAsync(uri, content); string loginResult = await result.Content.ReadAsStringAsync(); var getCookies = handler.CookieContainer.GetCookies(uri); foreach (Cookie cookie in getCookies) { _abpWebApiClient.Cookies.Add(cookie); } } }
这段代码中有几个点需要注意:
- 指定
HttpClientHandler
属性UseCookie = true
,使用Cookie; client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));
用来指定接受的返回值;- 使用
FormUrlEncodedContent
进行传参; - 使用
var getCookies = handler.CookieContainer.GetCookies(uri);
获取返回的Cookie,并添加到_abpWebApiClient.Cookies
的集合中,以便下次直接携带cookie信息访问webapi。
2.2. 携带cookie访问webapi
服务器返回的cookie信息在登录成功后已经填充到_abpWebApiClient.Cookies
中,我们只需post一个请求到目标api即可。
public async Task<PartialViewResult> SendRequestBasedCookie() { await CookieBasedAuth(); return await GetUserList(baseUrl + webapiUrl); } private async Task<PartialViewResult> GetUserList(string url) { try { var users = await _abpWebApiClient.PostAsync<ListResultDto<UserListDto>>(url); return PartialView("_UserListPartial", users.Items); } catch (Exception e) { ViewBag.ErrorMessage = e.Message; } return null; }
3. Token认证方式
Abp默认提供的token认证方式,很简单,我们仅需要post一个请求到/api/Account/Authenticate
即可请求到token。然后使用token即可请求目标webapi。
但这其中有一个问题就是,如果token过期,就必须使用用户名密码重写申请token,体验不好。
3.1. 请求token
public async Task<string> GetAbpToken() { var tokenResult = await _abpWebApiClient.PostAsync<string>(baseUrl + abpTokenUrl, new { TenancyName = "Default", UsernameOrEmailAddress = user, Password = pwd }); this.Response.SetCookie(new HttpCookie("access_token", tokenResult)); return tokenResult; }
这段代码中我们将请求到token直接写入到cookie中。以便我们下次直接从cookie中取回token直接访问webapi。
3.2. 使用token访问webapi
从cookie中取回token,在请求头中添加Authorization = Bearer token
,即可。
public async Task<PartialViewResult> SendRequest() { var token = Request.Cookies["access_token"]?.Value; //将token添加到请求头 _abpWebApiClient.RequestHeaders.Add(new NameValue("Authorization", "Bearer " + token)); return await GetUserList(baseUrl + webapiUrl); }
这里面需要注意的是,abp中配置app.UseOAuthBearerAuthentication(AccountController.OAuthBearerOptions);
使用的是Bearer token
,所以我们在请求weiapi时,要在请求头中假如Authorization
信息时,使用Bearer token
的格式传输token信息(Bearer后有一个空格!)。
4. OAuth2.0 Token认证方式
OAuth2.0提供了token刷新机制,当服务器颁发的token过期后,我们可以直接通过refresh_token
来申请token即可,不需要用户再录入用户凭证申请token。
4.1. Abp集成OAuth2.0
在WebApi项目中的Api路径下创建Providers
文件夹,添加SimpleAuthorizationServerProvider
和SimpleRefreshTokenProvider
类。
其中SimpleAuthorizationServerProvider
用来验证客户端的用户名和密码来颁发token;SimpleRefreshTokenProvider
用来刷新token。
public class SimpleAuthorizationServerProvider : OAuthAuthorizationServerProvider, ITransientDependency { private readonly LogInManager _logInManager; public SimpleAuthorizationServerProvider(LogInManager logInManager) { _logInManager = logInManager; } public override Task ValidateClientAuthentication(OAuthValidateClientAuthenticationContext context) { string clientId; string clientSecret; if (!context.TryGetBasicCredentials(out clientId, out clientSecret)) { context.TryGetFormCredentials(out clientId, out clientSecret); } var isValidClient = string.CompareOrdinal(clientId, "app") == 0 && string.CompareOrdinal(clientSecret, "app") == 0; if (isValidClient) { context.OwinContext.Set("as:client_id", clientId); context.Validated(clientId); } else { context.SetError("invalid client"); } return Task.FromResult<object>(null); } public override async Task GrantResourceOwnerCredentials(OAuthGrantResourceOwnerCredentialsContext context) { var tenantId = context.Request.Query["tenantId"]; var result = await GetLoginResultAsync(context, context.UserName, context.Password, tenantId); if (result.Result == AbpLoginResultType.Success) { //var claimsIdentity = result.Identity; var claimsIdentity = new ClaimsIdentity(result.Identity); claimsIdentity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, context.UserName)); var ticket = new AuthenticationTicket(claimsIdentity, new AuthenticationProperties()); context.Validated(ticket); } } public override Task GrantRefreshToken(OAuthGrantRefreshTokenContext context) { var originalClient = context.OwinContext.Get<string>("as:client_id"); var currentClient = context.ClientId; // enforce client binding of refresh token if (originalClient != currentClient) { context.Rejected(); return Task.FromResult<object>(null); } // chance to change authentication ticket for refresh token requests var newId = new ClaimsIdentity(context.Ticket.Identity); newId.AddClaim(new Claim("newClaim", "refreshToken")); var newTicket = new AuthenticationTicket(newId, context.Ticket.Properties); context.Validated(newTicket); return Task.FromResult<object>(null); } private async Task<AbpLoginResult<Tenant, User>> GetLoginResultAsync(OAuthGrantResourceOwnerCredentialsContext context, string usernameOrEmailAddress, string password, string tenancyName) { var loginResult = await _logInManager.LoginAsync(usernameOrEmailAddress, password, tenancyName); switch (loginResult.Result) { case AbpLoginResultType.Success: return loginResult; default: CreateExceptionForFailedLoginAttempt(context, loginResult.Result, usernameOrEmailAddress, tenancyName); //throw CreateExceptionForFailedLoginAttempt(context,loginResult.Result, usernameOrEmailAddress, tenancyName); return loginResult; } } private void CreateExceptionForFailedLoginAttempt(OAuthGrantResourceOwnerCredentialsContext context, AbpLoginResultType result, string usernameOrEmailAddress, string tenancyName) { switch (result) { case AbpLoginResultType.Success: throw new ApplicationException("Don't call this method with a success result!"); case AbpLoginResultType.InvalidUserNameOrEmailAddress: case AbpLoginResultType.InvalidPassword: context.SetError(L("LoginFailed"), L("InvalidUserNameOrPassword")); break; // return new UserFriendlyException(("LoginFailed"), ("InvalidUserNameOrPassword")); case AbpLoginResultType.InvalidTenancyName: context.SetError(L("LoginFailed"), L("ThereIsNoTenantDefinedWithName", tenancyName)); break; // return new UserFriendlyException(("LoginFailed"), string.Format("ThereIsNoTenantDefinedWithName{0}", tenancyName)); case AbpLoginResultType.TenantIsNotActive: context.SetError(L("LoginFailed"), L("TenantIsNotActive", tenancyName)); break; // return new UserFriendlyException(("LoginFailed"), string.Format("TenantIsNotActive {0}", tenancyName)); case AbpLoginResultType.UserIsNotActive: context.SetError(L("LoginFailed"), L("UserIsNotActiveAndCanNotLogin", usernameOrEmailAddress)); break; // return new UserFriendlyException(("LoginFailed"), string.Format("UserIsNotActiveAndCanNotLogin {0}", usernameOrEmailAddress)); case AbpLoginResultType.UserEmailIsNotConfirmed: context.SetError(L("LoginFailed"), L("UserEmailIsNotConfirmedAndCanNotLogin")); break; // return new UserFriendlyException(("LoginFailed"), ("UserEmailIsNotConfirmedAndCanNotLogin")); //default: //Can not fall to default actually. But other result types can be added in the future and we may forget to handle it // //Logger.Warn("Unhandled login fail reason: " + result); // return new UserFriendlyException(("LoginFailed")); } } private static string L(string name, params object[] args) { //return new LocalizedString(name); return IocManager.Instance.Resolve<ILocalizationService>().L(name, args); } }
public class SimpleRefreshTokenProvider : IAuthenticationTokenProvider, ITransientDependency { private static ConcurrentDictionary<string, AuthenticationTicket> _refreshTokens = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, AuthenticationTicket>(); public Task CreateAsync(AuthenticationTokenCreateContext context) { var guid = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"); // maybe only create a handle the first time, then re-use for same client // copy properties and set the desired lifetime of refresh token var refreshTokenProperties = new AuthenticationProperties(context.Ticket.Properties.Dictionary) { IssuedUtc = context.Ticket.Properties.IssuedUtc, ExpiresUtc = DateTime.UtcNow.AddYears(1) }; var refreshTokenTicket = new AuthenticationTicket(context.Ticket.Identity, refreshTokenProperties); //_refreshTokens.TryAdd(guid, context.Ticket); _refreshTokens.TryAdd(guid, refreshTokenTicket); // consider storing only the hash of the handle context.SetToken(guid); return Task.FromResult<object>(null); } public Task ReceiveAsync(AuthenticationTokenReceiveContext context) { AuthenticationTicket ticket; if (_refreshTokens.TryRemove(context.Token, out ticket)) { context.SetTicket(ticket); } return Task.FromResult<object>(null); } public void Create(AuthenticationTokenCreateContext context) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } public void Receive(AuthenticationTokenReceiveContext context) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } }
以上两段代码我就不做过多解释,请自行走读。
紧接着我们在Api目录下创建OAuthOptions
类用来配置OAuth认证。
public class OAuthOptions { /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the server options. /// </summary> /// <value>The server options.</value> private static OAuthAuthorizationServerOptions _serverOptions; /// <summary> /// Creates the server options. /// </summary> /// <returns>OAuthAuthorizationServerOptions.</returns> public static OAuthAuthorizationServerOptions CreateServerOptions() { if (_serverOptions == null) { var provider = IocManager.Instance.Resolve<SimpleAuthorizationServerProvider>(); var refreshTokenProvider = IocManager.Instance.Resolve<SimpleRefreshTokenProvider>(); _serverOptions = new OAuthAuthorizationServerOptions { TokenEndpointPath = new PathString("/oauth/token"), Provider = provider, RefreshTokenProvider = refreshTokenProvider, AccessTokenExpireTimeSpan = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30), AllowInsecureHttp = true }; } return _serverOptions; } }
从中我们可以看出,主要配置了以下几个属性:
- TokenEndpointPath :用来指定请求token的路由;
- Provider:用来指定创建token的Provider;
- RefreshTokenProvider:用来指定刷新token的Provider;
- AccessTokenExpireTimeSpan :用来指定token过期时间,这里我们指定了30s,是为了demo 如何刷新token。
- AllowInsecureHttp:用来指定是否允许http连接。
创建上面三个类之后,我们需要回到Web项目的Startup
类中,配置使用集成的OAuth2.0,代码如下:
public void Configuration(IAppBuilder app) { //第一步:配置跨域访问 app.UseCors(CorsOptions.AllowAll); app.UseOAuthBearerAuthentication(AccountController.OAuthBearerOptions); //第二步:使用OAuth密码认证模式 app.UseOAuthAuthorizationServer(OAuthOptions.CreateServerOptions()); //第三步:使用Abp app.UseAbp(); //省略其他代码 }
其中配置跨越访问时,我们需要安装Microsoft.Owin.Cors
Nuget包。
至此,Abp集成OAuth的工作完成了。
4.2. 申请OAuth token
我们在Abp集成OAuth配置的申请token的路由是/oauth/token
,所以我们将用户凭证post到这个路由即可申请token:
public async Task<string> GetOAuth2Token() { Uri uri = new Uri(baseUrl + oAuthTokenUrl); var handler = new HttpClientHandler() { AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.None }; using (var client = new HttpClient(handler)) { client.BaseAddress = uri; client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new System.Net.Http.Headers.MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json")); var content = new FormUrlEncodedContent(new Dictionary<string, string>() { {"grant_type", "password"}, {"username", user }, {"password", pwd }, {"client_id", "app" }, {"client_secret", "app"}, }); //获取token保存到cookie,并设置token的过期日期 var result = await client.PostAsync(uri, content); string tokenResult = await result.Content.ReadAsStringAsync(); var tokenObj = (JObject)JsonConvert.DeserializeObject(tokenResult); string token = tokenObj["access_token"].ToString(); string refreshToken = tokenObj["refresh_token"].ToString(); long expires = Convert.ToInt64(tokenObj["expires_in"]); this.Response.SetCookie(new HttpCookie("access_token", token)); this.Response.SetCookie(new HttpCookie("refresh_token", refreshToken)); this.Response.Cookies["access_token"].Expires = Clock.Now.AddSeconds(expires); return tokenResult; } }
在这段代码中我们指定的grant_type = password
,这说明我们使用的是OAuth提供的密码认证模式。其中{"client_id", "app" }, {"client_secret", "app"}
(搞过微信公众号开发的应该对这个很熟悉)用来指定客户端的身份和密钥,这边我们直接写死。
通过OAuth的请求的token主要包含四部分:
- token:令牌
- refreshtoken:刷新令牌
- expires_in:token有效期
- token_type:令牌类型,我们这里是Bearer
为了演示方便,我们直接把token信息直接写入到cookie中,实际项目中建议写入数据库。
4.3. 刷新token
如果我们的token过期了怎么办,咱们可以用refresh_token
来重新获取token。
public async Task<string> GetOAuth2TokenByRefreshToken(string refreshToken) { Uri uri = new Uri(baseUrl + oAuthTokenUrl); var handler = new HttpClientHandler() { AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.None, UseCookies = true }; using (var client = new HttpClient(handler)) { client.BaseAddress = uri; client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new System.Net.Http.Headers.MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json")); var content = new FormUrlEncodedContent(new Dictionary<string, string>() { {"grant_type", "refresh_token"}, {"refresh_token", refreshToken}, {"client_id", "app" }, {"client_secret", "app"}, }); //获取token保存到cookie,并设置token的过期日期 var result = await client.PostAsync(uri, content); string tokenResult = await result.Content.ReadAsStringAsync(); var tokenObj = (JObject)JsonConvert.DeserializeObject(tokenResult); string token = tokenObj["access_token"].ToString(); string newRefreshToken = tokenObj["refresh_token"].ToString(); long expires = Convert.ToInt64(tokenObj["expires_in"]); this.Response.SetCookie(new HttpCookie("access_token", token)); this.Response.SetCookie(new HttpCookie("refresh_token", newRefreshToken)); this.Response.Cookies["access_token"].Expires = Clock.Now.AddSeconds(expires); return tokenResult; } }
这段代码较直接使用用户名密码申请token的差别主要在参数上,{"grant_type", "refresh_token"},{"refresh_token", refreshToken}
。
4.4. 使用token访问webapi
有了token,访问webapi就很简单了。
public async Task<ActionResult> SendRequestWithOAuth2Token() { var token = Request.Cookies["access_token"]?.Value; if (token == null) { //throw new Exception("token已过期"); string refreshToken = Request.Cookies["refresh_token"].Value; var tokenResult = await GetOAuth2TokenByRefreshToken(refreshToken); var tokenObj = (JObject)JsonConvert.DeserializeObject(tokenResult); token = tokenObj["access_token"].ToString(); } _abpWebApiClient.RequestHeaders.Add(new NameValue("Authorization", "Bearer " + token)); return await GetUserList(baseUrl + webapiUrl); }
这段代码中,我们首先从cookie中取回access_token
,若access_token
为空说明token过期,我们就从cookie中取回refresh_token
重新申请token。然后构造一个Authorization
将token信息添加到请求头即可访问目标webapi。
5. 总结
本文介绍了三种不同的认证方式进行访问webapi,并举例说明。文章不可能面面俱到,省略了部分代码,请直接参考源码。若有纰漏之处也欢迎大家留言指正。