【转载】django forms（二）
原博：http://www.cnblogs.com/BeginMan/p/3312522.html
一、在views中的使用
下面从我自己做的小demo开始记录起。
1 #models.py 2 class Other2(models.Model): 3 name = models.CharField(max_length=30) 4 age = models.IntegerField() 5 email = models.EmailField() 6 7 class META: 8 db_table='Demo'
1 #coding=utf-8 2 #forms.py 3 from django import forms 4 5 class ContactForm(forms.Form): 6 name = forms.CharField(max_length=30) 7 age = forms.IntegerField() 8 email = forms.EmailField(required=False) 9 #错误提示类，Once you’ve done that, rows will be given "error" and/or "required" classes, as needed 10 error_css_class='error' 11 required_css_class = 'required' 12 13 #自定义错误列表格式 14 from django.forms.util import ErrorList 15 class DivErrorList(ErrorList): 16 def __unicode__(self): 17 return self.as_divs() 18 19 def as_divs(self): 20 if not self: 21 return u'' 22 return u'<div class="errorlist">%s</div>' % ''.join([u'<div class="error">%s</div>' %e for e in self])
views.py
def form_test(request):
"""
----------------------------------------------
Function: form测试
DateTime: 2013/9/9
----------------------------------------------
"""
other = Other2.objects.all()
if request.method == 'POST':
form = ContactForm(request.POST) #绑定post数据
if form.is_valid(): #如果通过验证
#数据清理
name = form.cleaned_data['name']
age = form.cleaned_data['age']
email = form.cleaned_data['email']
Other2.objects.create(name=name,age=age,email=email)
return render_to_response('form/form.html',{'form':form,'other':other})
else:
#如果表单未被提交，则一个未绑定的表单实例被创建
form = ContactForm(initial={'name':'Hi,here','email':'@'}) #未绑定的表单
return render_to_response('form/form.html',{'form':form,'other':other})
html:
<form action='/form/form/' method='post'>{% csrf_token %}
{{form.as_table}}
<input type='submit' value='Submit' class='btn'>
</form>
<hr>
{% for obj in other %}
<p>Name: {{obj.name}}</p>
{% endfor %}
除urls外基本上构成了django 表单的一整套。接下来就是变化子重置一些代码了。
二、自定义表单模板
上一节学了很多关于自定义表单显示的知识，在这里就运用在模板里面吧。
1、单个显示
<form action="/contact/" method="post">
{{ form.non_field_errors }}
<div class="field">
{{ form.name.errors }}
<label for="id_name">Name:</label>
{{ form.name}}
</div>
<div class="field">
{% if form.age.errors %}
{% for err in form.age.errors %}
<p>{{err|escape}}</p>
{% endfor %}
{% endif %}
<label for="id_age">Your age:</label>
{{ form.age}}
</div>
<div class="field">
{{ form.email.errors }}
<label for="id_email">Your email :</label>
{{ form.email}}
</div>
<p><input type="submit" value="Send message" /></p>
</form>
{{form.字段名}}显示对应的字段
{{form.字段名.errors}}显示字段对应的错误提示
2、循环输出
同时可以一次循环输出所有表单字段
<form action='/form/form/' method='post'>{% csrf_token %}
{% for field in form %}
<div class='field'>
{{field.errors}}<!-- 错误提示 -->
{{field.label_tag}}:{{field}}<!-- label标签：表单字段 -->
</div>
{% endfor %}
<input type='submit' value='Submit' class='btn'>
</form>
在以上循环中{{field}}是绑定字段的实例，它也具有如下属性：
{{field.label}}:字段标签,不含html代码，如:Name
{{field.label_tag}}:含html代码的字段标签，如<label id="id_name">Name:</label>
{{field.html_name}}:字段的html名称，如：name、age
{{field.help_text}}:字段帮助文本
{{field.errors}}:字段错误列表，可循环
3、对于表单的可见与不可见
可以使用hidden_fields() and visible_fields()
对于不可见的表单字段就不显示错误信息提示，对于可见的就正常显示，如下：
View Code4、重复使用
如果多个模板重复使用一个表单，则可以使用{% include 'xxx.html ' %}（假设xxx.html代码中含有该表单）
View Code三、深入表单类
不得不参考：https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.2/topics/forms/modelforms/
这里总结性的笔记如下：
1、从一个django model中创建表单类(form model)
这是一个趋势，django model与 form model紧密的结合。
View Code注意：
(1)、字段类型的对应，django model的字段类型对应到form的字段类型，这里列举一下几个重要的：
| Model field | Form field |
| BooleanField | BooleanField |
| CharField | CharField withmax_length |
| DateField | DateField |
| DateTimeField | DateTimeField |
| FileField | FileField |
| ForeignKey | ModelChoiceField |
| IntegerField | IntegerField |
| ManyToManyField | ModelMultipleChoiceField |
| TextField | CharField withwidget=forms.Textarea |
- ForeignKey is represented by django.forms.ModelChoiceField, which is a ChoiceField whose choices are a model QuerySet.
- ManyToManyField is represented by django.forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField, which is a MultipleChoiceField whose choices are a model QuerySet.
(2)、对应的属性
如果model 字段 有blank=True, 则表单类中对应的要 required=False,否则required=True
表单字段的 label 被设置为model field的 verbose_name 且第一个字符大写.
表单字段的 help_text 对应models field的 help_text
如果model 字段有choices 则表单字段widget 设置 Select
实例如下：
#coding=utf-8
from django.db import models
from django import forms
from django.forms import ModelForm #导入ModelForm
"""从一个django model中创建表单类(form model)"""
TITLE_CHOICES = (
('MR', 'Mr.'),
('MRS', 'Mrs.'),
('MS', 'Ms.'),
)
class Author(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
title = models.CharField(max_length=3, choices=TITLE_CHOICES)
birth_date = models.DateField(blank=True, null=True)
def __unicode__(self):
return self.name
class Book(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
authors = models.ManyToManyField(Author)
class AuthorForm(ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Author
class BookForm(ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Book
#以下与之对应
class AuthorForm(forms.Form):
name = forms.CharField(max_length=100)
title = forms.CharField(max_length=3,widget=forms.Select(choices=TITLE_CHOICES)) #choices
brith_date = forms.DateField(required=False)
class BookForm(forms.Form):
name = forms.CharField(max_length=100)
authors = forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=Author.objects.all()) #ManyToManyField
